Abstract: Provided is a method of visualizing a plurality of nodes respectively including a plurality of variable values for a data object. The method includes: allocating a predetermined upper limit value and a predetermined lower limit value for each of a plurality of variables to vertices of a three-dimensional polygon facing each other; respectively determining partial positions related to the variables for the nodes based on the upper limit value and the lower limit value for each of the variables, a maximum variable value and a minimum variable value for each variable from among variable values of the nodes, and the variable values of the nodes; respectively determining final positions of the nodes in the three-dimensional polygon based on the determined partial positions; and arranging the nodes in the three-dimensional polygon according to the determined final positions.

Abstract: An organometallic compound represented by Formula I, an organic light-emitting device including the same, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound.

Abstract: A controller for controlling a non-volatile memory apparatus including page groups each including a plurality of pages is configured to select a target page group from the page groups, wherein the target page group includes at least one invalid page and at least one valid page, select, as a target threshold voltage distribution, a lower threshold voltage distribution of two adjacent threshold voltage distributions distinguished by an invalid read voltage, wherein the invalid read voltage is a read voltage for distinguishing between data stored in the invalid page, select, as a target memory cell, a memory cell located in the target threshold voltage distribution among a plurality of memory cells configuring the target page group, and control the non-volatile memory apparatus to perform an adjustment program operation for raising a threshold voltage of the target memory cell as much as a first voltage.

Abstract: A method for operating a data storage device including memory regions each including memory units of levels, the levels respectively corresponding to bitmaps, and each of the bitmaps including entries respectively corresponding to the memory regions includes controlling a read operation for a first memory unit of a first level among the levels in a first memory region among the memory regions; increasing a read count by checking a first entry corresponding to the first memory region in a first bit map corresponding to the first level, wherein each of entries included in the first bitmap reflects whether a corresponding memory region is included in at least one second memory region in which a memory unit of the first level has been read, during a predetermined period before the read operation for the first memory unit; and performing a management operation for the memory regions, based on the read count.

Abstract: A memory system and an operating method thereof are disclosed. A memory system includes a memory device configured to correct first data read from a first data storage region based on error correction data thereby generating second data and store the second data in a second data storage region; and a controller configured to generate the error correction data. The error correction data includes location information of an error bit of the first data.

Abstract: Provided are an organometallic compound, an organic light-emitting device including the organometallic compound, and a diagnostic composition including the organometallic compound. The organometallic compound is represented by Formula 1: L11 is a ligand represented by Formula 1-1 and L12 is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand. The designations M11, n11, n12, X11-X18, Y11, A11, A12, T11, E11, G11 to G14, all, and b17 are described in the specification.

Abstract: An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: M11(L11)n11(L12)n12??Formula 1 wherein, M11, L11, L12, n11, and n12 are the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: The technology disclosed in this patent document can be implemented in embodiments to provide a memory system capable of improving a read operation, using an error correction technique (e.g., chipkill) that recovers data in correcting a data failure including a multibit failure, and an operation method of the memory system. The disclosed read operations based on recovery can be used for retrieving data from a memory chip by reconstructing the same data from other memory chips without accessing the memory chip and can be applied in various memory systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reverse osmosis filter module including an improved feed spacer, and particularly, to a reverse osmosis filter module including an improved feed spacer which has an asymmetric diameter in an intersection in which a first set of filaments and a second set of filaments intersect, thereby reducing differential pressure by increasing a cross-sectional area of a flow path, and mitigating concentration polarization by developing a swirl flow.

Abstract: A memory control having improved cache program operation performance controls a memory device. The memory controller includes: a command queue for sequentially storing commands to be executed by the memory device; a cache program determinerfor determining, when a first command that is a program command stored in the command queue is provided to the memory device, whether a second command to be executed next in time to the first command is a program command; and a program operation controller for controlling the memory device to perform a program operation according to the first command as a normal program operation or cache program operation, depending on whether the second command is a program command.

Abstract: Provided herein is a memory system and a method for driving the memory system. The memory system may include: a semiconductor memory device including a plurality of memory blocks and a block information storing block; and a controller configured to control the semiconductor memory device to store block information about the memory blocks into the block information storing block during an overall operation of the semiconductor memory device, and perform, during a power loss recovery operation, a recovery operation using the block information stored in the block information storing block.

Abstract: The technology disclosed in this patent document can be implemented in embodiments to provide a memory system capable of improving a read operation, using an error correction technique (e.g., chipkill) that recovers data in correcting a data failure including a multibit failure, and an operation method of the memory system. The disclosed read operations based on recovery can be used for retrieving data from a memory chip by reconstructing the same data from other memory chips without accessing the memory chip and can be applied in various memory systems.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a memory block having a plurality of memory regions; and a controller suitable for searching a first memory region for which error correction is passed, by scanning the plurality of memory regions in a reverse order of a write sequence for the memory block, determining a target memory region in the memory block based on data stored in the first memory region, and performing a recovery operation for the target memory region.

Abstract: A method for operating a data storage device including memory regions each including memory units of levels, the levels respectively corresponding to bitmaps, and each of the bitmaps including entries respectively corresponding to the memory regions includes controlling a read operation for a first memory unit of a first level among the levels in a first memory region among the memory regions; increasing a read count by checking a first entry corresponding to the first memory region in a first bit map corresponding to the first level, wherein each of entries included in the first bitmap reflects whether a corresponding memory region is included in at least one second memory region in which a memory unit of the first level has been read, during a predetermined period before the read operation for the first memory unit; and performing a management operation for the memory regions, based on the read count.

Abstract: A data storage device may include a plurality of nonvolatile memory devices including a plurality of blocks and a controller suitable for generating super block parity data for a super block, which is formed of one or more of the plurality of blocks.

Abstract: A method for operating a data storage device including a plurality of memory regions. The method includes performing a read operation for a first memory region, increasing a read count based on read sequences of the first memory region and a second memory region which has been read before the read operation for the first memory region, and performing a management operation for the plurality of memory regions based on the read count.

Abstract: A data storage device includes a nonvolatile memory device including a memory block having a plurality of memory regions; and a controller suitable for searching a first memory region for which error correction is passed, by scanning the plurality of memory regions in a reverse order of a write sequence for the memory block, determining a target memory region in the memory block based on data stored in the first memory region, and performing a recovery operation for the target memory region.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reverse osmosis filter module including an improved feed spacer, and particularly, to a reverse osmosis filter module including an improved feed spacer which has an asymmetric diameter in an intersection in which a first set of filaments and a second set of filaments intersect, thereby reducing differential pressure by increasing a cross-sectional area of a flow path, and mitigating concentration polarization by developing a swirl flow.

Abstract: An organometallic compound represented by Formula 1: wherein, in Formula 1, groups and variables are the same as described in the specification.

Abstract: An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode, a second electrode facing the first electrode, and an organic layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the organic layer includes an emission layer, and wherein the emission layer includes a fluorescent compound represented by a specific formula described in the specification.