Abstract: Disclosed herein are a printed circuit board and a method of manufacturing the same. The printed circuit board includes: a base substrate; an outer circuit layer formed on an upper portion of the base substrate and including a connection pad; a first solder resist formed on the upper portion of the base substrate so that the connection pad of the outer circuit layer is exposed; and a second solder resist formed on an upper portion of an outer circuit layer and formed so that the connection pad is exposed.

Abstract: There are provided an insulation material, a printed circuit board using the same, and a method of manufacturing the same. The insulation material includes a via region in which a via is to be formed; and a reinforcement material, wherein the via region and the reinforcement material are formed to be spaced apart from each other.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including: a lower substrate; an insulation layer which has a through-hole and is formed on the lower substrate; an optical waveguide which is formed in the through-hole such that a clearance is present between the optical wave guide and an inner wall of the through-hole; and an adhesive material which is charged in the clearance. The printed circuit board for an optical waveguide is advantageous in that a lower clad material, a core material and an upper clad material are sequentially applied on the lower substrate partially, not entirely, based on the region in which a core is formed, and is then patterned to form an optical waveguide, so that the amounts of the lower and upper clad materials and the core material, which are used to form the optical waveguide, can be greatly decreased.

Abstract: A polyamide ester resin is a polymer of: a dicarboxylic acid; a diamine; and a linear aliphatic diol, wherein, based on a total amount of the diamine and the linear aliphatic diol, the diamine is present in an amount of about 75 mol % to about 99 mol % and the linear aliphatic diol is present in an amount of about 1 mol % to about 25 mol %, and wherein the polyamide ester resin has a melting point (Tm) from about 280° C. to about 320° C. and a crystallization temperature (Tc) from about 260° C. to about 290° C. The polyamide ester resin can exhibit excellent heat resistance, discoloration resistance, and moldability.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical flexible printed circuit board comprising: a base layer; an optical waveguide pattern disposed on a partial region of the base layer; an insulating layer which is disposed on the base layer with the optical waveguide pattern and has a surface profile bent by the optical waveguide pattern; and circuit wires disposed on one surface of the base layer.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board that can solve a mixed signal problem between an analog circuit and a digital circuit are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment, an electromagnetic bandgap structure is stacked with a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal plate, a second dielectric layer and a second metal layer, and an odd number of vias can be serially connected through a metal line between the first metal layer and the metal plate. This electromagnetic bandgap structure can have a small size and a low bandgap frequency.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a printed circuit board and a method for manufacturing the same, the printed circuit board including an adhesion promoter (AP) film for enhancing adhesive strength, interposed between a circuit pattern and an insulating layer above a substrate, the AP film containing any one of a first polymer, a second polymer, and an organic compound. According to the method for manufacturing the printed circuit board, there can be provided a printed circuit board having a fine circuit pattern by using the AP film having a low roughness value and having improved adhesive strength with respect to the circuit pattern.

Abstract: A printed circuit board is disclosed. A printed circuit board, which includes a first board part, a flexible board part which has one side coupled with the first board part and which includes an electrical wiring layer and an optical waveguide to transmit both electrical signals and optical signals, and a second board part coupled with the other side of the flexible board part, where the electrical wiring layer and the optical waveguide are disposed with a gap in-between, can provide greater bendability and reliability, by having the optical waveguide and electrical wiring layer separated with a gap in-between at the flexible portion of the board, and the optical waveguide can be manufactured with greater precision for even higher reliability, by having the optical waveguide manufactured separately and then inserted during the manufacturing process of the board.

Abstract: An apparatus for charging an emergency battery, which provides an emergency power to an emergency core cooling apparatus including an electric pump or a steam pump includes a thermoelectric generation device configured to detect a decay heat and a residual heat produced in a nuclear power plant and configured to convert the detected heat to an electric energy; an electric energy conversion unit connected to the thermoelectric generation device to output a current generated in the thermoelectric generation device as a constant voltage; and the emergency battery configured to store a power outputted from the electric energy conversion unit.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device may include: alternatively stacking dielectric layers and conductive layers on a substrate to form a stack structure, forming a first photoresist pattern on the stack structure, forming a second photoresist pattern whose thickness is reduced as the second photoresist pattern extends from the center of the stack structure towards a periphery of the stacked structure by performing a heat treatment on the first photoresist pattern, etching the stack structure through the second photoresist pattern to form a slope profile on the stack structure whose thickness is reduced as the slope profile extends from the center of the stack structure towards a periphery of the stacked structure, and forming a step-type profile on the end part of the stack structure by selectively etching the dielectric layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including: a substrate; an insulation layer having a through hole and formed on the substrate; a lower clad layer formed on a bottom of the through hole; core part formed on the lower clad layer; and an upper clad layer formed on the lower clad layer and the core part and thus covering an exposed surface of the core part.

Abstract: An electromagnetic bandgap structure and a printed circuit board that can solve a mixed signal problem between an analog circuit and a digital circuit are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, an electromagnetic bandgap structure is stacked with a first metal layer, a first dielectric layer, a metal plate, a second dielectric layer and a second metal layer, and an odd number of vias can be serially connected through a metal line between the first metal layer and the metal plate. This electromagnetic bandgap structure can have a small size and a low bandgap frequency.

Abstract: An optical wiring board and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes providing a base substrate having an optical waveguide layer with a mirror groove formed on one surface thereof and a first insulation layer stacked on one surface of the optical waveguide layer and having a through-hole connected with the mirror groove formed thereon, forming a metal mirror layer connected from the mirror groove to an inner wall of the through-hole and forming an electrode pad on a side of the other surface of the optical waveguide layer, in which the electrode pad is disposed in accordance with the position of the metal mirror layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including a base board, and an optical waveguide formed on the base board. The optical waveguide includes a lower clad layer formed on the base board, an insulation layer formed on the lower clad layer and having a core-forming through-hole, a core part formed on a region of the lower clad layer, which is exposed through the through-hole, and an upper clad layer formed in the through-hole and on the insulation layer.

Abstract: An optical wiring board and a manufacturing method thereof are disclosed. In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, the method includes providing a flexible optical waveguide layer, selectively forming a reinforcing clad on one surface of the optical waveguide layer and forming a mirror groove on the other surface of the optical waveguide layer in accordance with where the reinforcing clad is formed. Thus, the clad can be formed thick only on the place where the mirror groove is to be formed, and thus a flexible optical wiring board having flexibility can be manufactured even though the optical wiring board is generally made thin.

Abstract: A printed circuit board including: an insulation layer; a first circuit pattern formed over one surface of the insulation layer, the first circuit pattern having a side thereof slanted with respect to the insulation layer; and a second circuit pattern formed over the other surface of the insulation layer, the second circuit pattern having a side thereof slanted with respect to the insulation layer, wherein the side of the second circuit pattern is less slanted than the side of the first circuit pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a printed circuit board for an optical waveguide, including a base board, and an optical waveguide formed on the base board. The optical waveguide includes a lower clad layer formed on the base board, an insulation layer formed on the lower clad layer and having a core-forming through-hole, a core part formed on a region of the lower clad layer, which is exposed through the through-hole, and an upper clad layer formed in the through-hole and on the insulation layer.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a semiconductor device may include: alternatively stacking dielectric layers and conductive layers on a substrate to form a stack structure, forming a first photoresist pattern on the stack structure, forming a second photoresist pattern whose thickness is reduced as the second photoresist pattern extends from the center of the stack structure towards a periphery of the stacked structure by performing a heat treatment on the first photoresist pattern, etching the stack structure through the second photoresist pattern to form a slope profile on the stack structure whose thickness is reduced as the slope profile extends from the center of the stack structure towards a periphery of the stacked structure, and forming a step-type profile on the end part of the stack structure by selectively etching the dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for optical waveguides, including: preparing a base substrate; forming an optical waveguide, which includes a lower clad, a core formed on an upper middle of the lower clad, and an upper clad formed on the lower clad to surround an upper surface and a side surface of the core, on an upper middle of the base substrate; disposing a side substrate including a first side substrate that has a through hole, through which the optical waveguide penetrates, provided at the middle thereof and a first circuit pattern formed therein and a second side substrate disposed on the first side substrate on the upper part of the base substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed; disposing an upper substrate on the side substrate on which the through hole is formed; and stacking the side substrate and the upper substrate on the base substrate on which the optical waveguide is formed.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for parallel structured Latin square interleaving in a communication system are provided. The method includes dividing input information bits into sub-blocks according to a parallel processing order, generating a first Latin square matrix or a second Latin square matrix by comparing the parallel processing order with a predetermined threshold, and interleaving by reading out the information bits divided into the sub-blocks according to the generated Latin square matrix.