Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes forming a first active layer on a substrate, forming a first gate insulating film on the first active layer, forming a first gate electrode on the first gate insulating film, forming a first interlayer insulating layer on the first gate electrode, forming a pixel electrode on the first interlayer insulating layer, forming at least one insulating film to cover the pixel electrode, forming a first plurality of contact holes in the first interlayer insulating layer and the at least one insulating film, the first plurality of contact holes including a first source contact hole to expose a first source area of the first active layer and a first drain contact hole to expose a first drain area of the first active layer, forming a pixel contact hole in the at least one insulating film to expose the pixel electrode, performing a hydrogenating treatment to the substrate including the first source contact hole, the first drain contact hole, and the pixel c

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes forming an active pattern on a substrate, forming a first insulating layer on the substrate over the active pattern, forming a gate line including a gate electrode and a data line on the substrate, the data line including a plurality of segmented portions electrically disconnected from each other, forming source and drain regions in the active pattern, forming a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, the gate line, and the data line, simultaneously forming a pair of first contact holes through the first and second insulating layers, a second contact hole through the second insulating layer, and a pair of third contact holes through the second insulating layer, forming a conductive material along an entire surface of the substrate, and patterning the conductive material to form a drain electrode, a first connection line, and a second connection line on the second insulating layer.

Abstract: A TFT array substrate includes a substrate, seminconductor layers, a gate insulating layer, a storage electrode, and a passivation layer. The semiconductor layers that include a first, a second, and a third semiconductor layer positioned above the substrate. The gate insulating layer separates the first semiconductor layer from the second semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer from the third seminconductor layer. The storage electrode is positioned above the gate insulating layer and a passivation layer directly encloses a top and a plurality of side surfaces of the storage electrode. A method of making a TFT array substrate includes providing the first semiconductor layer with first source/drain regions, providing the second semiconductor layer with a storage layer, and providing the third semiconductor layer with second source/drain regions between the substrate and the gate insulating layer.

Abstract: An LCD device and a fabrication method having a reduced number of masks and simplified fabrication processes. The method includes providing a substrate, forming an active pattern on the substrate, forming a first insulating layer on the substrate, forming a gate electrode and a pixel electrode on the substrate, forming a second insulating layer provided with a contract hole on the substrate, and forming source and drain electrodes respectively connected to a source region and a drain region through the contact hole.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of image sharpness enhancement. The apparatus includes a slope value calculator to set in an input video signal a window of a predetermined size with reference to a current pixel, and to calculate a slope value based on pixel values within the window, a gain calculator to calculate a gain corresponding to the magnitude of the slope value, a differential value calculator to calculate a differential value which is a difference between pixel values of the current pixel and other pixels within the window, a diffusivity calculator to calculate the diffusivity between the pixels corresponding to the magnitude of the differential value, a diffusivity summer to assign a predetermined weight to the diffusivities between the pixels and to calculate the sum of the diffusivities; and a pixel value converter to multiply the sum of the diffusivities by the gain and to add the multiplied result to the current pixel value.

Abstract: A de-interlacing apparatus with a noise reduction/removal device. The noise reduction/removal device can include a motion prediction unit that predicts motion vectors between an image one period ahead of a previous image and a current image with respect to individual images which are sequentially inputted; a motion checking unit that applies the motion vectors predicted by the motion prediction unit to the image one period ahead of the previous image and two different images ahead of the current image in time, and checks whether the motion vectors are precise motion vectors; a motion compensation unit that compensates for motions in use of the motion vectors checked for preciseness thereof by the motion checking unit; and a noise removal unit that removes noise on images using the motion-compensated images by the motion compensation unit and the inputted images. Accordingly, the noise reduction/removal device can reduce or remove noise through simple procedures on noise-bearing images.

Abstract: An edge detection apparatus and method includes a mapping part to map a two-dimensional plane of an input image into a three-dimensional vector surface, a coefficient calculation part to calculate coefficients for an equation of planes each formed with plural pixels and mapped by the mapping part, an angle calculation part to calculate an angle formed by a normal vector with respect to the equation of planes, and an edge decision part to determine whether an edge exists based on the angle calculated by the angle calculation part. Accordingly, the edge detection apparatus can not only efficiently detect edges without sensitivity to noise over high frequency bands, but also adaptively perform edge detections depending on the extent of noise so as to provide diverse adjustment points for the edge detections.

Abstract: An adaptive motion estimation apparatus and method. A full search motion estimation part obtains a motion vector from all blocks in a predetermined search range based on a current frame and/or field and a reference frame and/or field and a prediction motion estimation part estimates a motion vector from ambient blocks about a block in which a candidate motion vector is estimated. A motion vector selection part determines a motion vector having a position value of a smallest error in comparison with a stored threshold value among the obtained and estimated motion vectors as a final motion vector. Since the full search motion estimation algorithm and the prediction motion estimation algorithm are adaptively selected, a smooth and correct motion vector reflecting an actual motion is obtainable.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a CMOS thin film transistor. First and second active layers are formed at first and second transistor areas of a transparent substrate. A gate insulating film is formed at middle portions of the first and second active layers while the sides of each are exposed. Each exposed side is ion-doped with a first conductive impurity at a first energy and at a first concentration using the first and second gate electrodes as mask, thus forming first and second high-concentrated areas. A photoresist pattern that covers the first transistor area is formed on the transparent substrate. The second high-concentrated impurity area is ion-doped with a second conductive impurity, at a second energy that is greater than the first energy and at a second concentration that is greater than the first concentration, to form a third high-concentrated impurity area that is counter-doped.

Abstract: A transflective-type liquid crystal display device includes a plurality of gate and data lines crossing each other on a substrate to define a plurality of pixel regions, a thin film transistor at each crossing of the gate and data lines, the thin film transistor including a semiconductor layer, and source and drain electrodes contacting source and drain regions, respectively, a projection seed pattern within the pixel region along a same layer as the semiconductor layer of the thin film transistor, and a reflective electrode contacting the drain electrode of the thin film transistor and having a reflective projection corresponding to the projection seed pattern.

Abstract: An image signal detecting apparatus and a method thereof capable of detecting a 2:2 pull-down image as well as a 3:2 pull-down image with respect to an input image signal. The image signal detecting apparatus includes a SAD calculation unit for calculating summed absolute differences (SADs) among a current field (n), a previous field (n?1), and a next field (n+1) with respect to consecutively input image signals, a pull-down image detection unit, a still image determining unit , a bad-edit detection unit for detecting a bad-edit in the detected pull-down image, and a decision unit for deciding whether the input image signal is the pull-down image or not based on the result of detecting the pull-down image, the result of determining whether the input image signal is a still image by the still image judgment unit, and the result of detecting the occurrence of the bad-edit.

Abstract: An image enhancing apparatus and method in which a PDF calculation unit calculates a probability density function according to a distribution of a luminance value with respect to each pixel of an input image. An average brightness calculation unit calculates average brightness of the input image based on the probability density function and an overflow threshold adaptive to the average brightness is calculated. A BUBO unit calculates a probability density function of which a distribution is adjusted, based on the overflow threshold and a predetermined underflow threshold and a cumulative distribution function is calculated with respect to the adjusted probability density function. A CDF compensating unit compensates for an influence that the BUBO unit has on the cumulative distribution function and a mapping unit uses the compensated cumulative distribution function as a mapping function, and adjusts and outputs the luminance value with respect to each pixel of the input image.

Abstract: An image format conversion apparatus including a 3:2 pull-down detection part determining whether a current field out of plural fields continuous in time is an image of a 3:2 pull-down format produced by a 3:2 pull-down process; a scroll text/graphic data detection part determining whether scroll motions exist on the current field; a 3:2 pull-down compensation part calculating interpolation values for pixels of the current field to be interpolated by using a 3:2 pull-down interpolation method; an IPC part calculating interpolation values for pixels of the current field to be interpolated by using a second interpolation method; and an output selection part for selectively outputting either the interpolation values of the 3:2 pull-down compensation part or the interpolation values of the IPC part based on results of the determinations of the scroll text/graphic detection part and the 3:2 pull-down detection part.

Abstract: An image signal format detection apparatus and method. The image signal format detection apparatus includes a first summed absolute difference (SAD) value calculation unit for calculating, from a previous field, a current field, and a next field of a time-consecutive image signal, a first SAD value with reference to pixel values of the current field and the previous field. A second SAD value calculation unit calculates a second SAD value with reference to pixel values of the current field and the next field. A pattern generation unit generates a detection pattern based on a result of a comparison of the first and second SAD values,; and a pattern analysis unit stores the detection pattern by field, compares the stored detection pattern of a series of fields with a predetermined verification pattern, and determines whether the image signal is an image signal produced in 2:2 pull-down.

Abstract: A deinterlacing apparatus and method thereof include a motion compensation unit implementing motion-compensated temporal interpolation for each of estimated motion vectors with reference to a previous field and a next field, which are respectively ahead of and behind a current field to be interpolated, producing interpolation values of a pixel to be interpolated, and outputting a selected value from the interpolation values as a first interpolation value. Further, a spatial interpolation unit producing a second interpolation value of the pixel to be interpolated using values of pixels around the pixel to be interpolated, and an output unit mixing the first and second interpolation.

Abstract: A brightness control apparatus comprising a probability density function (PDF) calculator to calculate a PDF based on pixel values of respective pixels of an input image signal, a first setter to set an upper limit value and a lower limit value with respect to the pixel values that are equal to or smaller than a predetermined level in the PDF, and a brightness value controller to calculate a cumulative distribution function for the PDF controlled by the upper and lower limit values set by the first setter, and calculating brightness levels corresponding to the input image signal based on the calculated cumulative distribution function. The brightness control apparatus controls the brightness of an image signal so as to prevent it from becoming unnecessarily bright or dark when compensating the brightness of an image signal, while also preventing degradation of contrast.