Abstract: Disclosed is a brightness control apparatus and method capable of adaptively compensating brightness values based on an average brightness of an image signal. The adaptive brightness control apparatus comprises a probability density function (PDF) calculation unit calculating a PDF based on a distribution of pixel values of pixels of an input image signal, a compensation value calculation unit for calculating an average value of the pixel values of the respective pixels, and calculating a function having a predetermined slope according to a range of the average brightness value, and a pixel value compensation unit for re-establishing the distribution of the pixel values based on the calculated function.

Abstract: A motion estimation apparatus, method, and machine-readable medium capable of detecting scrolling text or graphic data, which can provide information of whether text or graphic data scrolling in a horizontal direction on a screen exists and information related thereto.

Abstract: A contrast compensation apparatus and a method thereof utilize a simplified hardware structure and a low contrast distortion. The contrast compensation apparatus includes a pixel value detection unit to detect a distribution of pixel values of respective pixels of an input image signal, a pixel value limit unit having pre-set luminance limit values and re-configuring the distribution of the pixel values of the respective pixels based on the pre-set luminance limit values, and a mapping unit to set luminance for the respective pixels based on a cumulative distribution function with respect to the re-configured pixel values. When certain portions of an image are rendered very bright or dark, the phenomenon in which the entire image becomes abruptly bright or dark is reduced. Further, the contrast compensation apparatus uses the minimum number of multipliers, adders, and subtractors only, thus having an advantage of simplified structure and using less electric power.

Abstract: A deinterlacing apparatus and method use a buffer unit having a previous field buffer, a current field buffer, and a next field buffer to store, sequentially, individual fields of an image signal; calculate a Sum of Absolute Difference (SAD) value of a predetermined search region unit with reference to a next field stored in the next field buffer and a previous field stored in the previous field buffer; determine whether the predetermined search region is a still region and whether a source of the image signal is a film based on the SAD value; uses a 3D interpolation unit to output adaptively a temporal interpolation value and a spatial interpolation value based on motion information; and adaptively select a deinterlacing result based on the previous field, the next field, and an output of the 3D interpolation unit according to a signal outputted from the still region/film mode detection unit.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting whether an image signal is in a film mode, includes a first field buffer, a second field buffer and a third field buffer that sequentially buffer respective fields of the image signal by order of input, using the respective fields stored in the first, the second and the third field buffers.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to enhance a contrast includes a first operation part, a second operation part, and a mapping part. The first operation part calculates an average and a standard deviation of an input image. The second operation part calculates an average and a standard deviation of a target image based on the average and the standard deviation of the input image. The mapping part converts a pixel value of the input image by a mapping function generated by receiving the averages and the standard deviations of the input image and the target image from the first operation part and the second operation part, respectively, and outputs a pixel value of an output image.

Abstract: A color signal processing device and method includes a calculating unit, a coordinate storing unit, a color gamut determining unit, and a signal processing unit. The calculating unit calculates brightness, chroma, and hue of an input RGB color signal. The coordinate storing unit stores a predetermined coordinate having the brightness and the chroma with respect to a color categorized in accordance with a predetermined level. The color gamut determining unit determines a color gamut to display the input RGB color signal. The signal processing unit digitizes the input RGB color signal within the determined color gamut. The color gamut determining unit extracts from the coordinate storing unit a coordinate corresponding to the calculated hue, and determines a range of displayable brightness and chroma based on the calculated brightness and the chroma, and the extracted coordinate.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of transforming a scanning format can adaptively select a scanning format transformation method. A motion estimating unit estimates a final motion vector among the motion vectors determined by a full search and predicted motion estimation and determines a first motion estimation type of the final motion vector. A motion analyzing unit and a motion estimation type analyzing unit respectively determine an existence of a global motion and a third motion estimation type from the final motion vector. A motion compensating unit and a temporal-spatial interpolating unit generate a first pixel and a second pixel, respectively. A format transforming unit transforms the scanning format by adaptively selecting one of the first and second pixels on a basis of at least one of the third motion estimation type and the information on the existence of the global motion.

Abstract: An adaptive motion estimation apparatus and method. A full search motion estimation part obtains a motion vector from all blocks in a predetermined search range based on a current frame and/or field and a reference frame and/or field and a prediction motion estimation part estimates a motion vector from ambient blocks about a block in which a candidate motion vector is estimated. A motion vector selection part determines a motion vector having a position value of a smallest error in comparison with a stored threshold value among the obtained and estimated motion vectors as a final motion vector. Since the full search motion estimation algorithm and the prediction motion estimation algorithm are adaptively selected, a smooth and correct motion vector reflecting an actual motion is obtainable.

Abstract: An apparatus and method which includes estimating a motion vector of a frame and/or field to be interpolated and the accuracy of the motion vector using motion vectors of previous and next frames and/or fields; determining motion information by analyzing the estimated motion vector, and calculating a correlation between the motion vector of the current block and the motion vectors of neighboring blocks; generating pixels to be interpolated by performing motion compensation in a frame and/or field to be interpolated using the estimated motion vector and using pixels neighboring a pixel to be interpolated in the frame and/or field to be interpolated and pixels neighboring a pixel to be interpolated in the previous and next frame and/or field of the pixel to be interpolated; and outputting the generated pixels as interpolation values according to the accuracy of the estimated motion vector, the motion information, and the correlation.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are provided to equalize a histogram using a cumulative distribution function (CDF) of an image. A model parameter estimator estimates parameters from the image using a Gaussian model. An error function storing unit stores error function values based on a Gaussian distribution. A CDF calculator calculates a CDF using one of the error function values from the error function storing unit and the estimated parameters. A histogram equalizer performs histogram equalization using the CDF.

Abstract: An apparatus for and a method of adaptive motion compensated de-interlacing of video data, in which one of a spatio-temporal method and a motion compensation method is adaptively selected according to a motion type. Motion vectors of a video field to be interpolated and an accuracy of the motion vectors are estimated using adjacent fields. An existence or non-existence of global motion is determined by analyzing the estimated motion vectors. Pixels generated according to a spatio-temporal interpolation method or pixels generated according to a motion compensated interpolation method are selected based on the accuracy of the estimated motion vectors and the existence or non-existence of global motion.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a silicon rubber-based mold includes the first step of making a master model of products to be formed, and a jig. The master model is mounted onto the jig, and a lower pad is formed on the master model. A plurality of round bars are inserted onto the lower pad. A lower frame is made by injecting a backing material onto the lower pad. The lower pad and the round bars are removed while leaving out an empty space and silicon injection paths there. Silicon rubber is injected into the empty space via the silicon injection paths to form a lower silicon layer, thereby completing a lower half mold. The lower half mold is then overturned. The jig is separated from the master model, and an upper pad is formed on the master model. A plurality of round bars are inserted onto the upper pad. An upper frame is made by injecting a backing material onto the upper pad. The upper pad and the round bars are removed while leaving out an empty space and silicon injection paths there.

Abstract: A molten steel refining apparatus and a method therefor, in which the carbon component of molten steel can be easily removed, the temperature drop of molten steel can be effectively reduced, and a stable operation is realized. The apparatus for refining molten steel for manufacturing ultra low carbon steel includes an RH vacuum-degassing device consisting of a vessel and a snorkel composed of an up-leg and a down-leg. The apparatus further includes a plurality of gas injection lance nozzles each consisting of an inner tube and an outer tube, and installed on the side wall of the vessel of the RH vacuum-degassing device so as to inject gas toward molten steel within the vessel. The inner tube includes a throat for forming a jet stream of super-sonic velocity, and the outer tube injects cooling gas for cooling the inner tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyether amino acid ester compounds, preparation method and their use as hydrocarbon fuel additives.