Abstract: A transceiver unit, particularly for measuring applications, comprising a transmitter (1) for generating a signal, an acquisition antenna (5) for emitting the signal in an acquisition volume and for picking up an effective echo signal reflected by the acquisition volume, as well as a receiver (2) for evaluating an echo signal supplied by the acquisition antenna (5). The echo signal is composed of the effective echo signal and an unwanted echo signal generated by the acquisition antenna (5). In order to compensate for the unwanted echo signal, an antenna simulation (6) is connected via a coupler (3) to the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2) which, after having received the signal, supply an correction signal in proportion to the unwanted echo signal. The coupler so heterodynes the correction signal and the echo signal that the correction signal and the unwanted echo signal cancel out each other.

Abstract: A process for determining the position of the border areas between different mediums with the aid of electromagnetic waves, in which process a departing wave which is emitted from a wave transmitter has at least one propagation speed component that is parallel to the normal lines of the border area of the different mediums; the emitted departing wave is at least partially reflected at the border areas; the portions of the reflected returning wave are received by a wave receiver; the travel times between emission of the departing wave and reception of the returning wave are determined; the positions of the border areas are determined from the travel times, with account taken of the different propagation speeds of the wave in the different mediums, while the various portions of the reflected waves in the different mediums (4, 5) are made use of. It is important to take into account here the quadratic relationship of &egr;r to the reflection factor r.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filling level measuring device based on the principle of transit time measurement. An inventive filling level measuring device comprises an electronic unit (4) including a transmitting (9) and receiving means (10) for electromagnetic waves having a frequency of below 3 GHz, a process coupling means (5) connected to the electronic unit (4), which guides the transmitted signals onto the measurement distance, and guides back reflected signals to the electronic unit (4), and a high-frequency transformer (15, 16, 17, 18), to which the transmitting (9) and receiving means (10) and the process coupling means (5) are connected.

Abstract: A filling level measuring device with a transmitting and receiving device (1) and a waveguide (6, 7), one end of which (6a, 7a) is coupled to the transmitting and receiving device (1) and the other end of which (6b, 7b) is immersed in a filling material (11), to which waveguide (6, 7) electromagnetic waves from the transmitting and receiving device (1) can be conducted, while electromagnetic waves reflected in the waveguide (6, 7) can be used in the transmitting and receiving device (1) for measuring the filling level, and the other end (6b, 7b, 28b) exhibits a wave absorption device (26, 27, 29, 17, 18, 22) for at least partial absorption of the conducted electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: The invention relates to a horn antenna for a radar-filling level measuring device having an antenna envelope (3) that comprises a flaring hollow space (4) of the antenna, in which a filling (10) is present at least in part filling up said hollow space (4) of the antenna, and having an encasing (10, 20) of a dielectric material and enclosing the outside of the antenna envelope (3) and closing the opening (3a) of the hollow space of the hollow space (4) of the antenna.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an antenna system for a level measuring device for emitting microwaves by means of an antenna horn (2), at the front side of the smaller funnel aperture thereof, HF energy in the form of microwave signals is directly axially coupled by means of planar structures having one patch or several patches (4).

Abstract: A level transmitter for use in a process application measures the height of a product level in a container, e.g., in a tank. The level transmitter includes an electromagnetic wave antenna directed into the tank. An electromagnetic wave source sends an electromagnetic wave signal through the electromagnetic wave antenna. An electromagnetic wave receiver receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. Measurement circuitry coupled to the source and receiver initiates transmitting of the electromagnetic wave signal and determines product level height based upon the received, reflected signal. Output circuitry transmits information related to product height. The device is suitable for use with containers having very small orifices for antenna insertion.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a method for determining and/or monitoring a predetermined level of a material in a container by means of a probe in the form of a vibrating rod that protrudes into the interior of the container and forms part of an electromechanical oscillating system. According to the invention, one or more characteristic parameters are measured after excitation of the system, where these parameters are taken into consideration in the evaluation of the measurement.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plug-in connection for galvanically separating microwave signals in coaxial lines, so as to comply with the requirements made on an explosion-proof separation. The plug-in connection comprises a plug and a socket having inner and outer conductors both connected with the coaxial line, and which are also constituted by an inner and an outer conductor. Within the plug-in connection, a dielectric material is provided so as to guarantee a galvanic separation of the outer conductor of the socket with respect to the outer conductor of the plug. In another embodiment, also a galvanic separation of the inner conductor is realized apart from the galvanic separation of the inner conductor.

Abstract: A level transmitter for use in a process application measures the height of a product level in a container, e.g., in a tank. The level transmitter includes an electromagnetic wave antenna directed into the tank. An electromagnetic wave source sends an electromagnetic wave signal through the electromagnetic wave antenna. An electromagnetic wave receiver receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. Measurement circuitry coupled to the source and receiver initiates transmitting of the electromagnetic wave signal and determines product level height based upon the received, reflected signal. Output circuitry transmits information related to product height. The device is suitable for use with containers having very small orifices for antenna insertion.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filling level measuring device based on the principle of transit time measurement. An inventive filling level measuring device comprises an electronic unit (4) including a transmitting (9) and receiving means (10) for electromagnetic waves having a frequency of below 3 GHz, a process coupling means (5) connected to the electronic unit (4), which guides the transmitted signals onto the measurement distance, and guides back reflected signals to the electronic unit (4), and a high-frequency transformer (15, 16, 17, 18), to which the transmitting (9) and receiving means (10) and the process coupling means (5) are connected.

Abstract: An antenna connected to a waveguide can be used for level measurements of a bulk material by measuring the reflection of microwave radiation radiated towards the surface of the bulk material. Condensate droplets forming on the antenna may produce higher modes and echoes in the microwave signal. The effect caused by droplets can be ameliorated by increasing the size of the antenna and the waveguide. To obtain a usable measurement signal, a compromise between reducing the interference from condensate droplets and optimizing the electrical characteristics has to be found. The invention is directed to a waveguide which is designed to propagate at a particular frequency only the fundamental mode, while the antenna itself is capable of supporting higher order modes. A taper which is a dimensioned so as to transmit only the fundamental mode of the microwave signal, is placed between the waveguide and the antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a horn antenna for a radar-filling level measuring device having an antenna envelope (3) that comprises a flaring hollow space (4) of the antenna, in which a filling (10) is present at least in part filling up said hollow space (4) of the antenna, and having an encasing (10, 20) of a dielectric material and enclosing the outside of the antenna envelope (3) and closing the opening (3a) of the hollow space of the hollow space (4) of the antenna.

Abstract: The invention relates to a combination of a feedthrough element for an electric high-frequency signal in a TDR level metering device, and a probe for guiding said high-frequency signal from the feedthrough element to the filling product surface of a filling product to be measured and back. The feedthrough element comprises at least one guiding element (6), into which the electric high-frequency signal is to be fed at an inlet point (10), and which transmits at an outlet point (17) the electric high-frequency signal to a probe (7) meant for guiding said high-frequency signal, a one-part or multipart mechanical carrier element (1), and a one-part or multipart insulation (11, 12) present between the carrier element (1) and the guiding element (6). The mentioned combination is characterized in that the impedance of the feedthrough element and the impedance of the probe (7) following the outlet point (17) are substantially matched to each other at the outlet point (17).

Abstract: A level transmitter for use in a process application measures the height of a product level in a container, e.g., in a tank. The level transmitter includes an electromagnetic wave antenna directed into the tank. An electromagnetic wave source sends an electromagnetic wave signal through the electromagnetic wave antenna. An electromagnetic wave receiver receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. Measurement circuitry coupled to the source and receiver initiates transmitting of the electromagnetic wave signal and determines product level height based upon the received, reflected signal. Output circuitry transmits information related to product height. The device is suitable for use with containers having very small orifices for antenna insertion.

Abstract: A transceiver unit, particularly for measuring applications, comprising a transmitter (1) for generating a sampled signal, an acquisition antenna (5) for emitting the sampled signal in an acquisition volume and for picking up an effective echo signal reflected by the acquisition volume, as well as a receiver (2) for evaluating an echo signal supplied by the acquisition antenna (5). The echo signal is composed of the effective echo signal and an unwanted echo signal generated by the acquisition antenna (5). In order to compensate for the unwanted echo signal, an antenna simulation (6) is connected via a coupler (3) to the transmitter (1) and the receiver (2) which, after having received the sample signal, supply an unwanted echo signal in proportion to the correction signal. The coupler so heterodynes the correction signal and the echo signal that the correction signal and the unwanted echo signal delete each other.

Abstract: A process for determining the position of the border areas between different mediums with the aid of electromagnetic waves, in which process a departing wave which is emitted from a wave transmitter has at least one propagation speed component that is parallel to the normal lines of the border area of the different mediums; the emitted departing wave is at least partially reflected at the border areas; the portions of the reflected returning wave are received by a wave receiver; the travel times between emission of the departing wave and reception of the returning wave are determined; the positions of the border areas are determined from the travel times, with account taken of the different propagation speeds of the wave in the different mediums, while the various portions of the reflected waves in the different mediums (4, 5) are made use of. It is important to take into account here the quadratic relationship of &egr;r to the reflection factor r.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microwave pulse generator for generating microwave pulses with a pulse duration in the nanosecond range. The microwave pulse generator includes a pulse generator for generating control pulses of a constant pulse duration and a microwave oscillator generating microwave oscillations. The microwave oscillator includes a transistor amplifier, to which a frequency-determining resonant circuit and an ohmic device for reducing the resonant Q-value are connected in such a way that a control pulse of the pulse generator applied to an input terminal of the transistor amplifier causes the microwave oscillator to produce a microwave oscillation that can be tapped at an output terminal of the microwave oscillator, wherein the microwave oscillation follows at least approximately the temporal course of the control pulse.

Abstract: A filling level measuring device with a transmitting and receiving device (1) and a waveguide (6, 7), one end of which (6a, 7a) is coupled to the transmitting and receiving device (1) and the other end of which (6b, 7b) is immersed in a filling material (11), to which waveguide (6, 7) electromagnetic waves from the transmitting and receiving device (1) can be conducted, while electromagnetic waves reflected in the waveguide (6, 7) can be used in the transmitting and receiving device (1) for measuring the filling level, and the other end (6b, 7b, 28b) exhibits a wave absorption device (26, 27, 29, 17, 18, 22) for at least partial absorption of the conducted electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A level transmitter for use in a process application measures the height of a product level in a container, e.g., in a tank. The level transmitter includes an electromagnetic wave antenna directed into the tank. An electromagnetic wave source sends an electromagnetic wave signal through the electromagnetic wave antenna. An electromagnetic wave receiver receives the reflected electromagnetic wave signal. Measurement circuitry coupled to the source and receiver initiates transmitting of the electromagnetic wave signal and determines product level height based upon the received, reflected signal. Output circuitry transmits information related to product height. The device is suitable for use with containers having very small orifices for antenna insertion.