Abstract: A surge control system for dewatering press felts on a papermaking machine which includes a suction pipe, a variable speed drive motor, a centrifugal exhauster driven by the variable speed drive motor and connected to the suction pipe to provide vacuum to a felt passing over a slot for dewatering thereof. A surge valve is provided and is opened to admit air to the centrifugal exhauster so as to prevent surge when the centrifugal exhauster is operating at a predetermined level at which the centrifugal exhauster will surge.

Abstract: A vacuum control system and method for dewatering felts or fabrics on a papermaking machine including a suction pipe and a centrifugal exhauster connected to the suction pipe to supply a variable vacuum level. The fabric is passed over a slot in the suction pipe so that suction applied therethrough will dewater the fabric. A variable drive device is connected to the centrifugal exhauster for its operation with the variable drive device being responsive to an increase in the vacuum level in the suction pipe as fabric permeability decreases to correspondingly increase the speed of the centrifugal exhauster so as to increase the vacuum level in the suction pipe as a function of the decrease in felt permeability.

Abstract: A vacuum dual control system for the flat box section of a papermaking machine. The system includes a plurality of serially arranged vacuum boxes and a header interconnecting the boxes. A vacuum pump is operatively connected to the boxes in a manner so that vacuum applied to the boxes is a function of the speed of the pump. A first control operates the pump to run at an initial substantially constant high speed for providing vacuum necessary to dewater a web in its initial condition. The web is passed over the boxes so that suction applied therethrough by the pump running at its initial substantially constant high speed dewaters the web until the condition of the web changes sufficiently to cause the vacuum in the last box to increase to a predetermined maximum level. A second control is provided with set point adjustment capabilities to enable selection of a predetermined set point corresponding to the predetermined maximum vacuum level.

Abstract: A moisture control system is provided for controlling the amount of chemical added to a fabric. The system includes a suction pipe having a slot therein and a fabric positioned to pass over the slot. A vacuum source is connected through conduit means to the suction pipe. A source of liquid is provided including a predetermined percentage of chemical therein to be added to the fabric. Liquid from the liquid source is added to the fabric and the fabric containing the liquid from the liquid source is advanced over the suction pipe whereupon vacuum is applied to the fabric to deliquefy it. The vacuum source is set to provide a predetermined vacuum depending on the chemical concentration of the liquid and the composition of the fabric. As the fabric passes over the slot a change in the vacuum is sensed and the vacuum source is actuated to retain the vacuum to the predetermined condition thereby maintaining a constant moisture level and amount of added chemical in the fabric.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering a slurry of fine particles including a dewatering table and a forming fabric passed across the table. Vacuum is applied to the table and the forming fabric. A first slurry of particles is introduced through a primary headbox to the forming fabric. A second slurry of finer particles is introduced through a secondary headbox to the forming fabric. The primary and secondary headboxes are positioned relative to each other and the table so that the first slurry is introduced to the forming fabric before the second slurry as the fabric moves across the table. Vacuum is applied to the first slurry to form a mat of first slurry particles upon which the second slurry of finer particles is deposited to be dewatered thereby minimizing the loss of fine particles through the forming fabric and maximizing the amount of retained dewatered particles.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dewatering a slurry of fine particles including a dewatering table and a forming fabric passed across the table. Vacuum is applied to the table and the forming fabric. A first slurry of particles is introduced through a primary headbox to the forming fabric. A second slurry of finer particles is introduced through a secondary headbox to the forming fabric. The primary and secondary headboxes are positioned relative to each other and the table so that the first slurry is introduced to the forming fabric before the second slurry as the fabric moves across the table. Vacuum is applied to the first slurry to form a mat of first slurry particles upon which the second slurry of finer particles is deposited to be dewatered thereby minimizing the loss of fine particles through the forming fabric and maximizing the amount of retained dewatered particles.

Abstract: A screen filter device for removing solid particles from a liquid is disclosed. The device includes a spray or shower for cleaning the filter media. In operation, a first liquid containing particulate matter flows over the filter media having an opening formed therein. Spray nozzles are arranged with respect to the filter media to impinge cleansing liquid on the surface of the filter media over which the first liquid flows. The cleansing liquid carries particulate matter continuously and in a spiral fashion towards the opening within the filter media.

Abstract: A vacuum control system and method for dewatering fabrics on a papermaking machine including a suction pipe and a vacuum pump connected to the suction pipe to supply a desired vacuum level. The fabric is passed over a slot in the suction pipe so that suction applied therethrough will dewater the fabric. Controls are connected to the suction pipe and to the vacuum pump responsive to an increase in the vacuum level in the suction pipe as fabric permeability decreases to correspondingly lower the speed of the vacuum pump and retain the desired vacuum level in the suction pipe.

Abstract: A basementless separator system for removing liquid from a liquid/gaseous mixture. The system includes a separator for separating the liquid and gas therein. A first conduit communicates the separator with the source of the liquid/gaseous mixture. A secnd conduit communicates the separator with a vacuum source to draw the liquid/gaseous mixture into the separator and to remove the separated gas from the separator. A first valve is on the separator in alignment with a liquid storage tank to open and close a discharge opening for separated liquid from the separator to be collected in the storage tank. A second valve is on the storage tank to open and close a drainage opening in the tank to control drainage of liquid therefrom. A level sensor is on the tank to indicate a predetermined level of collected liquids stored in the tank. Controls are responsive to the liquid condition in the tank to open and close the valves and periodically drain from the tank the liquid collected therein.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for filtering contaminating particles from a liquid/particle mixture. A hollow tank is provided having a peripheral side wall and top and bottom ends. An inlet opening is in the wall adjacent the top adapted to be connected to a source of the liquid/particle mixture. An outlet opening is in the side wall spaced from the inlet opening and intermediate the top and bottom of the tank. A sealable drainage opening is at the lower end of the tank. A filter is mounted in the tank essentially perpendicular to the inlet opening and around a substantial portion of the periphery of the tank. The mounted filter is open at both ends and has filtering apertures in its side. The inlet opening is positioned so that the mixture is introduced in one open end of the filter. Filtered liquid from the mixture passes through the apertures in the side and through the outlet opening and collected portions can be dumped from the outer end through the drainage opening when it is unsealed.

Abstract: A constant vacuum felt dewatering system including first and second suction pipes with a slot in each pipe. A felt is positioned to pass over the slots of the pipes. A liquid ring pump is connected by conduits to the first and second suction pipes. Drive structure is provided to operate the liquid ring pump and apply suction to the first and second suction pipes. The felt is advanced over the pipes whereupon suction is applied thereto to dewater the felt. Controls are responsive to change in felt conditions to vary the dwell time of the felt with respect to the slots in order to maintain a substantially constant vacuum.

Abstract: A constant flow felt dewatering system including first and second suction pipes with a slot in each pipe. A felt is positioned to pass over the slots of the first and second pipes. A centrifugal exhauster is connected by conduits to the first and second suction pipes. Drive structure is provided to operate the centrifugal exhauster and apply suction to the first and second suction pipes and to advance the felt over the pipes whereupon suction is applied thereto to dewater the felt. Controls are responsive to change in felt conditions to vary the dwell time of the felt with respect to the slots in order to maintain a substantially constant flow.

Abstract: An apparatus and system are disclosed for extracting liquid from porous fabrics. The apparatus includes a vacuum source, a back-up plate positioned opposite the vacuum source such that a gap exists therebetween, an adjusting means for setting the minimum size of the gap between the vacuum source and the back-up plate, and a mounting structure to which the back-up plate is secured, the mounting structure allowing the plate to move in a direction away from the vacuum source thereby increasing the size of the gap. In operation, a porous fabric is passed through the gap while the back-up plate floats thereon. The plate is able to bounce over seams or any other irregularities within the fabric.

Abstract: A system and method for cleaning and drying porous fabrics such as tufted carpet are disclosed. A porous fabric is first wetted and then passed over a slotted vacuum pipe. A backup plate is positioned opposite the slot, and the fabric passes between the slot and plate. Air is forced to flow in an indirect route into the slot to maximize cleaning and drying. The gap between the slot and backup plate is adjustable to enable the system to handle fabrics or carpets of varying thickness.

Abstract: A bowed roll lubrication system for a bowed roll of the type having an elongated shaft and a plurality of spools disposed about the shaft for rotation. A plurality of ball bearings are disposed along the shaft and each of the bearings has an inner race in contact with the shaft and an outer race in contact with one of the spools. A through passageway extends between the races and cooperates with the races in defining a ball chamber. The lubricant system is designed to provide lubricant to the interior of the ball chambers and includes a lubricant reservoir and a lubricant line extending between the reservoir and the interior of the roll so that the lubricant may be interjected to the interior of the roll at a predetermined location. The interjected lubricant is then directed through the ball chambers in a desired pattern.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula I, ##STR1## in which either R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each signifies a hydrogen atom, a chlorine or fluorine atom, an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a group --SO.sub.3 M, an unsubstituted phenyl radical or a phenyl radical substituted by up to 2 substituents selected from chlorine, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the group --SO.sub.3 M, with the proviso that only one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 signifies an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radicalOr two of R.sub.1 , R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, together, form a methylenedioxy group, the other of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 having one of the above significances,R.sub.4 signifies a hydrogen atom, a chlorine or fluorine atom, an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are anionic optical brightening agents, such agents being 1,3-diphenyl pyrazolines characterized by having, in the 4- or 5-position of the pyrazoline ring, a sulphoalkyl substituent, their production and use.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula I, ##STR1## in which either R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, each signifies a hydrogen atom, a chlorine or fluorine atom, an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a group --SO.sub.3 M, an unsubstituted phenyl radical or a phenyl radical substituted by up to 2 substituents selected from chlorine, fluorine, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the group --SO.sub.3 M, with the proviso that only one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 signifies an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl radical,Or two ofR.sub.1, r.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together form a methylenedioxy group, the other of R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 having one of the above significances,R.sub.4 signifies a hydrogen atom, a chlorine or fluorine atom, an alkyl radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy radical of 1 to 4 carbon atoms,R.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed are anionic optical brightening agents, such agents being 1,3-diphenyl pyrazolines characterized by having, in the 4- or 5-position of the pyrazoline ring, a sulphoalkyl substituent, their production and use.

Abstract: The invention relates to optical brightening agents.