Abstract: Disclosed is a French artificial nail including an artificial nail body and a French part. The artificial nail body includes a cuticle edge facing the root of a fingernail and a free edge extending towards the tip of the fingernail and is curved downward toward both lateral sides thereof to form a curved surface. The French part is formed on the upper surface of the free edge of the artificial nail body. The artificial nail body is attached to a user's fingernail or toenail through glue and has a lower modulus than the French part. This flexibility of the artificial nail body prevents the formation of bubbles, the incidence of pain and the occurrence of pop-off resulting from glue shrinkage, contributing to an improvement in the wearability and reliability of the final product.

Abstract: A method of collecting peer-to-peer (P2P)-based content sending/reception information is disclosed herein. In the method of collecting P2P-based content sending/reception information, a first peer accesses a second peer, and exchanges buffer maps with the second peer. The first peer requests the second peer to send a piece of content not owned by the first peer. When the reception of the piece of the content is completed, the first peer generates a receipt message and then signs the receipt message. The first peer sends the signed receipt message to the second peer. The second peer signs the signed receipt message again. The second peer sends the dually signed receipt message to a server.

Abstract: Provided are a preparation method of iron oxide-based paramagnetic or pseudo-paramagnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide-based nanoparticles prepared by the same, and a T1 contrast agent including the same. More particularly, the disclosure describes a method for preparation of iron oxide nanoparticles having a extremely small and uniform size of 4 nm or less based on thermal decomposition of iron oleate complex, iron oxide-based paramagnetic or pseudo-paramagnetic nanoparticles prepared by the same, and a T1 contrast agent including iron oxide-based paramagnetic or pseudo-paramagnetic nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing uniform metal oxide nanoparticles. According to the preparation method of the present invention, it is possible to maintain the temperature and pressure inside the reactor in a stable and constant manner by removing water generated in the reaction step for forming metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, the uniformity of nanoparticles formed is increased, and the reproducibility between batches can be increased even in a repeated process and and a large-scale reaction. Therefore, the preparation method of the present invention can be used to synthesize uniform nanoparticles reproducibly in large quantities.

Abstract: Provided are iron oxide nanocapsules for an MRI contrast agent having high contrast, in which a plurality of iron oxide nanoparticles having a hydrophobic ligand attached thereto are encapsulated in an encapsulation material including a biodegradable polymer and a surfactant, and which satisfy Relations 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 below. Also a method of manufacturing the iron oxide nanocapsules is provided. 5?100*D?(IO)/C?(IO)??[Relation 1] 2.5?100*D?(Cap)/C?(Cap)??[Relation 2] 0.

Abstract: Disclosed is a French artificial nail including an artificial nail body and a French part. The artificial nail body includes a cuticle edge facing the root of a fingernail and a free edge extending towards the tip of the fingernail and is curved downward toward both lateral sides thereof to form a curved surface. The French part is formed on the upper surface of the free edge of the artificial nail body. The artificial nail body is attached to a user's fingernail or toenail through glue and has a lower modulus than the French part. This flexibility of the artificial nail body prevents the formation of bubbles, the incidence of pain and the occurrence of pop-off resulting from glue shrinkage, contributing to an improvement in the wearability and reliability of the final product.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for processing MMTP packets. When an MMTP packet is transmitted, the packet processing apparatus calculates a reference value from partial field values of a reference MMTP packet header, and inserts the calculated reference value into the compressed header. By the reference value, MMTP packets may be correctly distinguished and may be correctly referred to when there are two reference MMTP packets in which the lower 5 bits of packet sequence numbers are identical to each other, or even when the number of reference MMTP packets is a multiple of 256.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a server, the method including receiving peer status information from at least one peer, estimating a service reception quality of the peer by calculating a download speed of the peer based on the peer status information, identifying a target peer having the service reception quality less than or equal to a predetermined reference, and determining a helper peer to transmit data to the target peer based on the peer status information.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of operating a peer-to-peer (P2P) network management system, the method including generating a peer list in response to a request for the peer list from a request peer and sending a request for piece information corresponding to the peer list to a peer activity management server, the peer activity management server being configured to manage peer status information, receiving the piece information generated based on the peer status information from the peer operation server, generating a response message including the piece information and the peer list, and sending the response message to the request peer.

Abstract: Provided are a pharmaceutical composition including iron oxide nanoparticles for preventing or treating iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia accompanied thereby, and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing uniform metal oxide nanoparticles. According to the preparation method of the present invention, it is possible to maintain the temperature and pressure inside the reactor in a stable and constant manner by removing water generated in the reaction step for forming metal oxide nanoparticles. Thus, the uniformity of nanoparticles formed is increased, and the reproducibility between batches can be increased even in a repeated process and and a large-scale reaction. Therefore, the preparation method of the present invention can be used to synthesize uniform nanoparticles reproducibly in large quantities.

Abstract: Disclosed are a composition including hydrophilic nanoparticles that have a monosaccharide-phosphate or a derivative thereof adhered to the surface thereof, a colloidal solution of the composition dispersed in water, and a magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent including the colloidal solution. According to the present invention, nanoparticles having biocompatibility and excellent water-dispersibility can be prepared by modifying the surface of inorganic nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles may be effectively used in a variety of applications including, for example, in vivo imaging applications such as an MRI contrast agent, nano-electronic convergence technologies such as a quantum dot light emitting device, biomedical applications such as hyperthermia, or the like. Moreover, compared to existing nanoparticles dispersed by a dispersion stabilizer known in the art, excellent dispersion stability and a relatively small hydrodynamic diameter may be attained.

Abstract: Disclosed is a French artificial nail including an artificial nail body and a French part. The artificial nail body includes a cuticle edge facing the root of a fingernail and a free edge extending towards the tip of the fingernail and is curved downward toward both lateral sides thereof to form a curved surface. The French part is formed on the upper surface of the free edge of the artificial nail body. The artificial nail body is attached to a user's fingernail or toenail through glue and has a lower modulus than the French part. This flexibility of the artificial nail body prevents the formation of bubbles, the incidence of pain and the occurrence of pop-off resulting from glue shrinkage, contributing to an improvement in the wearability and reliability of the final product.

Abstract: A wireless charging system and a method of controlling permission for charging in the wireless charging system are provided herein. The wireless charging system includes a power transmitting unit and an authentication server. The power transmitting unit transmits a power receiving unit (PRU) control message to a power receiving unit, receives PRU dynamic parameter characteristics generated by the power receiving unit based on an authentication number input by the user of the power receiving unit, and wirelessly supplies charging power to the power receiving unit based on the input result of authentication. The authentication server authenticates the authentication number input by the user and included in the PRU dynamic parameter characteristics provided by the power transmitting unit, and transmits the result of the authentication to the power transmitting unit.

Abstract: A method of collecting peer-to-peer (P2P)-based content sending/reception information is disclosed herein. In the method of collecting P2P-based content sending/reception information, a first peer accesses a second peer, and exchanges buffer maps with the second peer. The first peer requests the second peer to send a piece of content not owned by the first peer. When the reception of the piece of the content is completed, the first peer generates a receipt message and then signs the receipt message. The first peer sends the signed receipt message to the second peer. The second peer signs the signed receipt message again. The second peer sends the dually signed receipt message to a server.

Abstract: A composition for nail polish removal is disclosed. The composition for nail polish removal is applied to a nail to form a layer for nail polish removal, and then a UV gel is applied to the layer for nail polish removal or an acrylic resin is applied to the layer for nail polish removal to extend the nail. Therefore, the UV gel or the acrylic resin can be peeled off in a simple manner without the use of a special tool or the need to perform a special operation. In addition, the risk of damage to the nail can be greatly reduced. Also disclosed is a kit for nail polish removal including the composition.

Abstract: A method, terminal and server for providing personalized food information for food safety are disclosed herein. The server includes a communication unit, and a processing unit. The communication unit receives a request for knowledge information related to the intake of a food of a user from a terminal and to send notification data to the terminal. The request includes the food identifier of the food and the personal information of the user. The processing unit generates the notification data, including the knowledge information, using food information, indicated by the food identifier, and the personal information.

Abstract: The present invention is for method of treating metabolic bone disease, new compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the active ingredients having inhibition effects on osteoclast differentiation. The pharmaceutical composition comprising new compounds according to the present invention can be used as medicines for treating metabolic bone diseases such as bone metastatic cancer, solid cancer bone metastasis, musculoskeletal complication by solid cancer bone metastasis, hypercalcemia by malignant tumor, multiple myeloma, primary bone tumor, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, periodontal disease, inflammatory resorption of alveolar bone, inflammatory resorption of bone, and Paget's disease.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a method and apparatus for processing MMTP packets. When an MMTP packet is transmitted, the packet processing apparatus calculates a reference value from partial field values of a reference MMTP packet header, and inserts the calculated reference value into the compressed header. By the reference value, MMTP packets may be correctly distinguished and may be correctly referred to when there are two reference MMTP packets in which the lower 5 bits of packet sequence numbers are identical to each other, or even when the number of reference MMTP packets is a multiple of 256.

Abstract: Provided is a nail applique, which includes an upper layer provided at an upper surface of a releasing sheet by means of an adhesive and classified into an attachment region and a handle region, and a rear handle prepared by forming a complete blade processing line at the releasing sheet to correspond to the handle region. The nail applique according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may prevent an adhesive from being contaminated by impurities and thus becoming dirt or from deteriorating its adhesive force since a user may easily attach the nail applique onto a nail or toenail by gripping a handle.