Abstract: A porous ceramic body useful for making particulate filters is comprised of acicular mullite grains bound together by a ceramic grain boundary phase, wherein said porous acicular mullite body has a bulk carbon content from 0.005% to 10% by weight of the body. The porous body may be made by forming a mixture of mullite precursors (e.g., alumina and silica) and a compound that is inorganic carbon (graphitic or amorphous), inorganic compound that contains carbon (e.g., metal carbide) or an organic compound that decomposes to form inorganic carbon or an inorganic compound that contains carbon and heating in an atmosphere containing fluorine to form the acicular mullite body and removing the fluorine.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an anode pressure sensor failure in a fuel cell system. The system and method include a controller that sets an initial minimum anode pressure sensor value and an initial maximum anode pressure sensor value. The controller determines a desired time interval for sampling anode pressure measurements and determines a total number of samples of anode pressure measurements to be collected by the controller from an anode pressure sensor. The controller also compares a pressure difference between the initial or a measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or a measured maximum anode pressure to a predetermined pressure difference threshold and sets a pressure sensor fault if the pressure difference between the initial or measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or maximum anode pressure is less than the predetermined pressure difference threshold.

Abstract: A skin is applied to a ceramic honeycomb. The skin is formed by applying a skin-forming composition and drying it. The skin-forming composition includes a carrier liquid, colloidal silica and/or colloidal alumina, and an inorganic filler. The filler includes an inorganic fiber. The filler may contain low aspect ratio particles that have the same or nearly the same CTE as the inorganic fiber. The filler may include a small proportion of a low aspect ratio filler particle that has a different CTE than the inorganic fiber.

Abstract: A ceramic plugging paste useful to make plugs having through holes (partial plugs) in a ceramic honeycomb filter in which the plugging paste is comprised of a ceramic particulate and fluid carrier, wherein the ceramic particulate has at least 90% by number of the particulates being less than 50 micrometers and the fluid carrier is present in an amount sufficient such that the plugging paste is fluid enough to be inserted into a ceramic honeycomb channel and be retained in said channel without any other support other than the walls of the honeycomb defining the channel. Such a paste may be easily injected in the same manner as regular pastes. Such pastes and methods advantageously realize plugs having a through hole resulting in honeycomb filters having low pressure drop while still retaining effective particulate filtration.

Abstract: Organic polymer particles are provided in a cement composition that is used to apply a skin to a ceramic honeycomb, or to bond the ceramic honeycomb to another honeycomb or another material. The presence of the organic polymer particles reduces the penetration of the cement composition through porous walls of the honeycomb. In this way, less blocking of the honeycomb cells is seen, and the reduction in thermal shock performance that is often seen when cement compositions are applied to ceramic honeycombs is reduced.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for sending an Ethernet physical-layer OAM overhead, and a method and an apparatus for receiving an Ethernet physical-layer OAM overhead are disclosed herein. A method for sending an Ethernet physical-layer OAM overhead includes: adjusting the order of sending a payload block and part of Inter-Packet Gaps (IPGs) in a data stream to be transmitted; and when receiving a request for sending an OAM overhead, substituting the OAM overhead for the part of IPGs, and sending the OAM overhead before sending the payload block. Through the present invention, the order of sending IPGs and payload blocks in an MAC data stream can be adjusted, and the OAM overhead can be sent in time.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a printed circuit board with cavity includes following steps. First, a first substrate is provided. The first substrate includes a first electrically conductive layer defining an exposed portion and a laminating portion. Second, a second substrate is provided. The second substrate includes an unwanted portion corresponding to the exposed portion and a preserving portion. Third, a first annular bump surrounding the exposed portion is formed. Fourth, a second annular bump surrounding the unwanted portion is formed. Fifth, a first adhesive layer defining an opening is provided. Sixth, the first and second substrates are laminated to the first adhesive layer, the exposed portion and the unwanted portion are exposed in the opening, and the second annular bump is in contact with the first annular bump. Seventh, the unwanted portion is removed and a cavity is defined, the exposed portion is exposed in the cavity.

Abstract: In the present invention, two improved variants of the reliability-based iterative majority-logic decoding algorithm for regular low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are presented. The new algorithms are obtained by introducing a different reliability measure for each check-sum of the parity-check matrix, and taking it into account in the computation of the extrinsic information that is used to update the reliability measure of each received bit in each iteration. In contrast to the first algorithm, the second algorithm includes check reliability that changes at each iteration. For the tested random and structured LDPC codes, both algorithms, while requiring very little additional computational complexities, achieve a considerable error performance gain over the standard one.

Abstract: Ceramic honeycomb assemblies are made from ceramic honeycomb sections arranged sequentially in an axial direction. The plugging patterns of the cells in the various sections are varied so that a portion of a fluid entering the assemblies can pass through upstream section(s) of the assembly without being filtered. One or more downstream sections capture particulate matter that has passed through the upstream sections without being filtered. This design reduces “ring-off” cracking, and high filtration capacity, with little increase in pressure drop during operation.

Abstract: A semiconductor device can include a source region near a working top surface of a semiconductor region. The device can also include a gate located above the working top surface and located laterally between the source and a drain region. The source region and the gate can at least partially laterally overlap a body region near the working top surface. The source region can include a first portion having the first conductivity type, a second portion having a second conductivity type, and a third portion having the second conductivity type. The second portion can be located laterally between the first and third portions and can penetrate into the semiconductor region to a greater depth than the third portion but no more than the first portion. The lateral location of the third portion can be determined at least in part using the lateral location of the gate.

Abstract: A data interaction method is provided, which includes: sending simultaneously an address detection request for a UDP channel and an address detection request for a TCP channel; and when both address detection for the UDP channel and address detection for the TCP channel fail, sending an address detection request for an HTTP channel; when detection of at least one channel succeeds, collecting two types of addresses corresponding to each channel in the at least one channel; performing address exchange and address matching with a peer client host; and performing channel connectivity detection based on matched addresses, and selecting a channel with a highest priority from channels on which connectivity detection is successful for data interaction with the peer client host. Therefore, efficiency of traversing a NAT host during address detection is improved.

Abstract: A fuel injector having an injector body, a mixing circuit, and at least one injector is provided. The injector body has a plurality of manifolds, an inlet, and an outlet. The manifolds are configured for receiving fuel, and the inlet is configured for receiving air. The mixing circuit is positioned within the injector body. The mixing circuit is configured for receiving fuel from at least one of the manifolds, and air from the inlet to create an air-fuel mixture that exits the outlet. The least one fuel injector is positioned radially outwardly from the mixing circuit. The at least one injector receives fuel from at least one of the plurality of manifolds and injects fuel to the outlet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer PCB comprises the following steps. First, a PCB substrate includes a first circuit layer is provided. The first circuit layer includes a mounting portion. A first solder-resistant layer is formed on the mounting portion and a protective adhesive film is attached on the first solder-resistant layer. Next, a first copper foil, a first adhesive layer, a second copper foil, and a second adhesive layer are laminated on the PCB substrate, and the first and second copper foils are etched to form circuit layers. Then a cavity is defined and the protective adhesive film is exposed in it. After removing the protective adhesive film, an electronic component is mounted in the cavity. As such, a multilayer PCB with the electronic component embedded in is obtained.

Abstract: A diode-connected lateral transistor on a substrate of a first conductivity type includes a vertical parasitic transistor through which a parasitic substrate leakage current flows. Means for shunting at least a portion of the flow of parasitic substrate leakage current away from the vertical parasitic transistor is provided.

Abstract: Skins and/or adhesive layers are formed on a porous ceramic honeycomb by applying a layer of a cement composition to a surface of the honeycomb and firing the cement composition. The cement composition contains inorganic filler particles, a carrier fluid and a clay material rather than the colloidal alumina and/or silica materials that are conventionally used in such cements. The cement compositions resist permeation into the porous walls of the ceramic honeycomb. As a result, lower temperature gradients are seen in the honeycomb structure during rapid temperature changes, which results in an increased thermal shock resistance.

Abstract: A fuel injector for a combustor generally includes an annular outer body having an inlet and an outlet. The outer body at least partially defines an outer flow passage. An inner flow passage extends at least partially through the outer flow passage and a radial swirler is disposed at the inlet of the outer body. The radial swirler includes a first radial passage separated from a second radial passage. The first radial passage has a first plurality of swirler vanes and the second radial passage has a second plurality of swirler vanes. The first radial passage is in fluid communication with the outer flow passage and the second radial passage is in fluid communication with the inner flow passage.

Abstract: A method for determining when to inject hydrogen gas into the anode side of a fuel cell stack associated with a fuel cell vehicle when the vehicle is off. The method includes estimating the concentration of hydrogen gas in the anode side of the fuel cell stack using a gas concentration model and determining if the estimated concentration of hydrogen gas is below a first predetermined threshold. If the estimated hydrogen gas is less than the threshold, then hydrogen gas is injected into the anode side from a hydrogen source. While the hydrogen gas is being injected, the method compares the estimated concentration of the hydrogen gas in the anode side to a desired concentration, and generates an error signal there between. If the error signal is greater than a second predetermined threshold, the algorithm continues to inject the hydrogen into the anode side of the fuel cell stack.

Abstract: Organic polymer particles are provided in a cement composition that is used to apply a skin to a ceramic honeycomb, or to bond the ceramic honeycomb to another honeycomb or another material. The presence of the organic polymer particles reduces the penetration of the cement composition through porous walls of the honeycomb. In this way, less blocking of the honeycomb cells is seen, and the reduction in thermal shock performance that is often seen when cement compositions are applied to ceramic honey combs is reduced.

Abstract: A system and method for detecting an anode pressure sensor failure in a fuel cell system. The system and method include a controller that sets an initial minimum anode pressure sensor value and an initial maximum anode pressure sensor value. The controller determines a desired time interval for sampling anode pressure measurements and determines a total number of samples of anode pressure measurements to be collected by the controller from an anode pressure sensor. The controller also compares a pressure difference between the initial or a measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or a measured maximum anode pressure to a predetermined pressure difference threshold and sets a pressure sensor fault if the pressure difference between the initial or measured minimum anode pressure and the initial or maximum anode pressure is less than the predetermined pressure difference threshold.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an active optical antenna, a microwave transmitting system and an information sending method. The active optical antenna includes: a substrate; a ground disposed at the bottom of the substrate; a power supply grid and several antenna units that are disposed at the top of the substrate, and photodetector tubes that are disposed in the substrate and located between the antenna units and the ground, where the power supply grid supplies power to the photodetector tubes, the number of the photodetector tubes is equal to the number of the antenna units, and output ends of the photodetector tubes are coupled with the antenna units to output radio frequency signals; and optical waveguides which are disposed in the substrate and connected to the photodetector tubes.