Abstract: Provided is a low density parity check decoder, which includes a bit node calculating unit configured to calculate a bit node, a check node calculating unit configured to calculate a check node, a control unit configured to control calculation of the bit node and the check node, and a storage unit configured to store calculation values of the bit node or the check node, wherein the control unit calculates the bit node or the check node so that the node calculations are overlapped, by using an address offset value of the storage unit, thereby reducing a decoding time.

Abstract: Provided is an information reconciliation method in a quantum key distribution system between a transmitter and a receiver, which includes receiving a parity bit from the transmitter through a quantum channel, correcting an error of a receiver quantum key by using the received parity bit, and removing a residual error of the receiver quantum key through an open channel by using a cascade protocol to harmonize the receiver quantum key with a transmitter quantum key, wherein the parity bit is generated at the transmitter by using turbo codes. This method may enhance quantum key generation efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for designing a quantum code, which includes an analyzing unit for analyzing at least one quantum error generated in a quantum error channel as at least one binary error by using a standard form codeword stabilized quantum (CWS) code, a code generating unit for generating a binary error-correcting code which corrects the at least one binary error, a word operator generating unit for generating at least one word operator of the CWS code by using the at least one binary error-correcting code, and a codeword generating unit for generating at least one codeword including at least one entangled qubit (ebit) by using the at least one word operator.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cleaner composition. Specifically, the present invention relates to a cleaner composition that can be used to remove metal oxides and metal abrasive particles arising during metal polishing, such as chemical mechanical planarization (CMP). The cleaner composition has an improved ability to complex with metal abrasive particles. In addition, the cleaner composition maintains its ability to reduce metal abrasive particles, achieving improved stability. Therefore, the cleaner composition can be used for cleaning the surface of a metal with an increased ability to prevent corrosion of the metal surface.

Abstract: Substrate heat treatment apparatus and method are provided. According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a substrate heat treatment apparatus including an inner shell configured to form a substrate housing space to house at least one substrate, an outer shell configured to cover the inner shell, and having at least one gas hole, and at least one heater configured to heat the substrate, wherein the at least one gas hole is configured to allow a first gas to be injected into a space between the inner shell and the outer shell.

Abstract: A method for encrypting data in a near field communication system is provided. The method includes generating encrypted data based on first data input in a current state and second data input in a state immediately preceding the current state, and encoding the encrypted data through a predetermined error correcting code.

Abstract: Provided is an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display including: a first plastic layer; a first barrier layer formed on the first plastic layer; a first intermediate layer formed on the first barrier layer; a second plastic layer formed on the intermediate layer; an OLED layer formed on the second plastic layer; and a thin-film encapsulation layer encapsulating the OLED layer.

Abstract: A flexible display apparatus includes a first flexible substrate including carbon, a second flexible substrate on the first flexible substrate, a metal layer between the first flexible substrate and the second flexible substrate, a barrier layer on the second flexible substrate, a thin film transistor (TFT) on the barrier layer, and an organic light-emitting device (OLED) electrically connected to the TFT.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for transmitting data using a fountain code are provided. The method for transmitting data includes determining a degree distribution of a fountain code based on erasure rate information regarding at least one receiving end, performing fountain encoding according to the degree distribution, and transmitting symbols generated by the fountain encoding.

Abstract: A user interface apparatus for path search and a method thereof are disclosed. The interface apparatus for path search includes an interface unit configured to provide a first user interface comprising a plurality of image objects, the first user interface configured to implement sweeping transition between the image objects in at least one direction, wherein the interface unit displays an image associated with at least one place which is an object for path search on the image objects.

Abstract: A system and a method for providing augmented reality (AR) notification are provided. The system includes a recognizing unit configured to recognize a ground region, which is a region corresponding to the ground, on an AR driving image and a controller configured to add a display element to the ground region and to control a notification output associated with driving through the display element.

Abstract: An abnormal traffic detection apparatus and method based on Modbus communication pattern learning is provided. The abnormal traffic detection apparatus based on the Modbus communication pattern learning previously detects and responds to abnormal traffic on a Modbus/TCP protocol. According to the present invention, a communication service between control systems can be stably provided by previously detecting the abnormal traffic capable of interfering with a stable operation of the control system. Particularly, since the effective abnormal traffic on the Modbus/TCP protocol can be previously detected, security of the control system can be increased by rapid detection and response with respect to security threats on the Intranet of the control system, and availability can be secured.

Abstract: An apparatus and method of displaying a network security situation is provided. The apparatus includes an extraction unit configured to classify a characteristic factor including IP addresses of a transmission node and a reception node from a traffic flow, a network visualization unit configured to generate a domain circle visualizing each of a transmission domain and a reception domain as a circle shape by mapping the IP addresses of the transmission node and the reception node to points on circumference as one to one, arrange the generated domain circle on an axis, and visualize each of a transmission network area and a reception network area as a sphere shape, a session construction unit configured to a session of the visualized transmission network area and reception network visually, and a display unit configured to display the session which is visually constructed.

Abstract: Provided are a system and method for detecting an abnormal behavior of a control system by analyzing flows of the control system. Flow information of the control network is collected, and flows are classified according to the collected flow information and a flow group is generated. An abnormal behavior of the control system is detected by analyzing flows of the generate flow group. That is, internal systems of the control network are grouped according to functions, and a situation of a system of a group performing the same function is managed to thus quickly detect an abnormal behavior of the control system.

Abstract: A user interface apparatus for path search and a method thereof are disclosed. The interface apparatus for path search includes an interface unit configured to provide a first user interface comprising a plurality of image objects, the first user interface configured to implement sweeping transition between the image objects in at least one direction, wherein the interface unit displays an image associated with at least one place which is an object for path search on the image objects.

Abstract: A flexible display apparatus includes: a first flexible substrate including carbon and having an upper surface, a lower surface facing the upper surface, and a lateral surface coupling the upper surface to the lower surface; a first barrier layer on the first flexible substrate to cover the first flexible substrate; a second flexible substrate on the first barrier layer, the second flexible substrate including carbon and having an upper surface, a lower surface facing the upper surface, and a lateral surface coupling the upper surface to the lower surface; and an organic light emitting device on the second flexible substrate.

Abstract: Provided is an information reconciliation method in a quantum key distribution system between a transmitter and a receiver, which includes receiving a parity bit from the transmitter through a quantum channel, correcting an error of a receiver quantum key by using the received parity bit, and removing a residual error of the receiver quantum key through an open channel by using a cascade protocol to harmonize the receiver quantum key with a transmitter quantum key, wherein the parity bit is generated at the transmitter by using turbo codes. This method may enhance quantum key generation efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is an EA-CWS quantum error correction code for correcting an error on imperfect entangled qubits, and a method for correcting an error using entangled qubits snared between a sender and a receiver includes, after an encoding process to send the entangled qubits, performing an operation of a Pauli error on different stabilizer generators of an EA-CWS code, converting an error occurring on the sender or the receiver to en error correction code in a correctable error form as a result of the operation, and correcting the error on entangled qubits occurring at the side of the sender or the receiver by generating a word operator of a CWS code using the converted error correction code.

Abstract: A transmission device includes a data controller to output one or more data frames; a encoder to generate one or more encoded data packets for a first data frame among the one or more data frames; and a transmission controller to determine a transmission time point of each of the one or more encoded data packets, and transmit the one or more encoded data packets to a reception device at the determined transmission time point corresponding to each of the one or more encoded data packets.

Abstract: Provided is a location-based transaction processing method and system using a communication device. The location-based transaction processing method may include providing information on a display frequency for each area displayed on a map service to a storekeeper terminal, and creating a market POI indicating a virtual marketplace of a storekeeper at a location selected by the storekeeper terminal based on the display frequency.