Abstract: An EL panel for providing a display of three colors, comprising at least EL phosphor thin films of two types for emitting green and blue colors, and a red light emitting portion, the EL phosphor thin films of two types for emitting green and blue colors comprising an alkaline earth sulfide or oxide. The EL panel, especially full color EL panel can produce light of an improved color purity without a need for a RGB patterned filter.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member for charging a member to be charged while forming a nip with the member to be charged, and electroconductive particles disposed in the nip. The charging member is supplied with a voltage of a polarity, a surface of the member to be charged is triboelectrically charged by a surface of the charging member so as to have a polarity opposite from that of the voltage, and the electroconductive particles are triboelectrically charged in the nip so as to have a polarity opposite from that of the voltage.

Abstract: A thermal head including a protection layer having mutually opposed first and second surfaces, said first surface having a flat or protruded printing surface which is brought into contact with a heat sensitive record medium, a heat generating section including resistors and electrodes connected to the electrodes and provided on said second surface of the protection layer, and a reinforcing member made of a low melting pint glass and provided on a side of the heat generating section remote from the protection layer. The reinforcing member improves a mechanical strength of the thermal head. The reinforcing member made of a glass also serves as a heat storage member, and thus a thermal property of the thermal head is improved. The reinforcing member may be formed by an aggregate of ceramic particles. The reinforcing member may contain a heat storage layer made of a low melting point glass and a heat conduction layer provided on the heat storage layer.

Abstract: An electrifier for electrifying a member to be charged includes a charge rotary member that forms a first nip with the member to be charged, to charge the member to be charged, and that holds and carries charge particles to the first nip, and a nip forming member that forms a second nip with the charge rotary member, the nip forming member having a bias charge having the same polarity as the developer.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charging roller cooperable with the image bearing member to form a nip therebetween, for charging the charging roller is rotatable for counterdirectional peripheral movement relative to the image bearing member at the nip; developing means for developing with a developer an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member; wherein tA (sec) after arrival, at an upstream end of the nip, of a potential changing portion at which a potential of the image bearing member changes with respect to a peripheral moving direction of the image bearing member reaches an upstream end of the nip, the developing means is supplied with a voltage for collecting particles from the image bearing member to the developing means, where tA (see) is a sum of a time duration required for a surface of the charging roller to move from the upstream end of the nip to a downstream end of the nip and a time duration required for a surface of the image bearing member to move

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member, to which a voltage is applicable, for charging a member to be charged; the charging member including: a flexible member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, wherein the flexible member is moved with a peripheral speed difference between surfaces of the flexible member and the member to be charged at the nip; and electroconductive particles in the nip.

Abstract: A charging device, suitable for use in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, is formed of an object to be charged, and a roller-shaped charging member disposed in contact with the object via electroconductive particles and supplied with a voltage to charge the objects. The charging member has a surface layer including an elastic foam and is moved with a surface speed difference relative to the object. The charging member has surface cavities having an average diameter of 5 to 150 &mgr;m and occupying an area percentage of 50 to 90%. An image forming apparatus and a process cartridge therefor including the charging device are also provided.

Abstract: A charging device for electrically charging a member to be charged includes charging particles including electroconductive particles having particles diameters in the range of 10 nm-10 &mgr;m; and a charging particles carrying member, which has a nip with the member to be charged forming a nip with said member to be charged, for carrying the charging particle to the nip; wherein said charging particles have resistances in the range of 10−1-1012 &OHgr;cm; wherein (an amount, per unit area, of said charging particles carried by said charging particles carrying member)/(an average roughness Ra of a surface of said charging particles carrying member) is in the range of 0.005-1 mg/cm2/&mgr;m.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; charging means for electrically charging the image bearing member, the charging means carrying electroconductive particles and having a charging member elastially press-contacted to the image bearing member; image forming means for forming an electrostatic image by selectively dissipating electric charge on the image bearing member charged by the charging means; developing means for developing the electrostatic image on the image bearing member with toner and for supplying the electroconductive particles to the image bearing member, wherein the electroconductive particles supplied by the developing means is carried to a press-contact portion of the charging member to contribution for electric charging of the image bearing member; and changing means for changing a relation between the charging member and a supply position of the electroconductive particles of the developing means.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member for electrically charging a member to be charged which is adapted to form a nip with a member to be charged which has a surface layer having a volume resistivity of 1×109-1×1014 &OHgr;cm, said charging member having an elastic member and movable with a peripheral speed difference relative to the member to be charged; and electroconductive particles carried on said charging member to the nip, wherein a peripheral speed Vd (mm/sec) of said member to be charged, a peripheral speed Vc (mm/sec) of said charging member, a width N (mm) of the nip measured in a moving direction of said charging member, and a coverage ratio Rc of said electroconductive particles on said charging member, satisfy: N·Rc·|Vc−Vd|/Vd≧1.

Abstract: A charging member for charging a member to be charged, includes an elastic foam member provided at a surface of the charging member, the elastic with wall portion defining the cell portions, wherein gaps connecting said cell portions have areas which are not less than 5% and not more than 50%, for respective cells.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a charging member for being supplied with a voltage to charge a member to be charged, the charging member including an elastic member for forming a nip with the member to be charged, and said elastic member having a surface provided with a plurality of projections; wherein a speed A of a surface of said charging member (mm/sec) and a speed B of a surface of the member to be charged (mm/sec) satisfy: when B−A>0, said projections are inclined toward upstream with respect to a movement direction of the surface of the member to be charged in said nip, and when B−A<0, the projections are inclined toward downstream with respect to a movement direction of the surface of the member to be charged in said nip.

Abstract: A developing apparatus prevents a reduction in image density due to paper powder by providing a developing apparatus that has a developing container, a toner carrying member, and a toner container, wherein the toner container has a space portion, which is disposed below the toner carrying member and which is not substantially replenished with the toner.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus and an image-forming method using a cleanerless system are disclosed in which a non-contact developing assembly develops an electrostatic latent image with a magnetic one-component developer to form a magnetic-toner image and collects a magnetic toner having remained on the charging object member, a member to be charged is charged by means of a charging assembly having a charging member the surface of which is movable with a velocity differential in the opposite direction with respect to the surface of the charging object member, and conductive particles are present at least at the contact surfaces between the charging member and the charging object member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image. A developing device develops the electrostatic image on the image bearing member by toners charged with a predetermined polarity. A transfer device transfers a toner image on the image bearing member to a transferring material. An electrifying device inject-charges the image bearing member having transfer residual toners. An electrical conductive member provided and spaced apart from the image bearing member in a moving direction of the image bearing member downstream farther than the transfer means and upstream farther than the electrifying device. An electrical field forming device for forming an alternative electrical field between the electrical conductive member and the image bearing member.

Abstract: A charging device, suitable for use in an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, is formed of an object to be charged, and a roller-shaped charging member disposed in contact with the object via electroconductive particles and supplied with a voltage to charge the objects. The charging member has a surface layer comprising an elastic foam and moved with a surface speed difference relative to the object. The charging member has surface cavities having an average diameter of 5 to 150 &mgr;m and occupying an areal percentage of 50 to 90%. An image forming apparatus and a process-cartridge therefor including the charging device are also provided.

Abstract: An wear-resistant layer 50 constituting a printing surface which is brought into contact with a thermal record medium is formed on a provisional substrate 70 having a groove formed in its surface, said groove having a substantially semicircular cross section, and a heat generating layer 51, electrically conductive layers 52a and 52b electrically connected to the heat generating layer, a protection layer 54a and a heat storage layer 58 are stacked in turn to form a printing section. Next, a driving IC 55 for controlling a heating electric power to be supplied to the printing section is connected to the electrically conductive layer and a wiring section 53 for connecting the driving IC to an external circuit is provided. Thereafter, the printing section is secured to a heat dissipating member 59 by means of a resin 62, and a common electrode 84 and wires 56 are secured to the heat dissipating member by means of both-sided adhesive tapes 82 and 83.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrifier for electrifying a charge object member. According to the present invention, the electrifier includes: a charge rotary member, for forming a first nip with a charge object member to charge the charge object member, and for holding and carrying charge particles to the first nip; and a nip forming member for forming a second nip with the charge rotary member.

Abstract: A charging member has an electrically conductive base material and a surface layer including a foaming body of a continuous bubble material.

Abstract: A thermal head including a protection layer having mutually opposed first and second surfaces, said first surface having a flat or protruded printing surface which is brought into contact with a heat sensitive record medium, a heat generating section including resistors and electrodes connected to the electrodes and provided on said second surface of the protection layer, and a reinforcing member made of a low melting pint glass and provided on a side of the heat generating section remote from the protection layer. The reinforcing member improves a mechanical strength of the thermal head. The reinforcing member made of a glass also serves as a heat storage member, and thus a thermal property of the thermal head is improved. The reinforcing member may be formed by an aggregate of ceramic particles. The reinforcing member may contain a heat storage layer made of a low melting point glass and a heat conduction layer provided on the heat storage layer.