Abstract: A photo-alignment composition includes a compound comprising a repeat unit represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent. The photo-alignment composition is coated on a first substrate and a second substrate facing the first substrate, thus forming alignment layers. A liquid crystal layer is formed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The photo-alignment composition includes a compound structure having a high decomposition rate and a functional group capable of a hydrogen bond, which is weaker than a covalent bond. Thus, a hardness of the alignment layer may be improved at a room temperature, and a hydrogen bonding functional group of the photo-alignment composition may be decomposed at a high temperature thus photo-aligning the alignment layer. Therefore, an afterimage of a screen may decrease, and a hardness of the alignment layer may increase.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display device including a first substrate on which a first alignment layer is formed, a second substrate on which a second alignment layer is formed, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second alignment layers and including liquid crystals of a helical structure in which a helical axis is parallel to the first and second substrates. At least one of the first and second alignment layers has a graduation distribution profile of a pretilt angle which ranges from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) display is disclosed. The OLED display includes a substrate, a scan line on the substrate and configured to transfer a scan signal, a data line crossing the scan line and configured to transfer a data signal, a driving voltage line crossing the scan line or the data line and configured to transfer a driving voltage, a switching thin film transistor (TFT) connected to the scan line and the data line, a driving TFT connected to the switching TFT and the driving voltage line, an OLED connected to the driving TFT, and a storage capacitor connected to the driving voltage line and a driving gate electrode of the driving TFT. The storage capacitor includes a first storage capacitor plate that overlaps the driving voltage line.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes: a signal controller configured to receive an input image signal corresponding to a gray from the outside, and an image signal corrector configured to correct the input image signal. The image signal corrector is configured to shift a first input image signal value corresponding to a black gray by a first value based on a common voltage, is configured to shift a second input image signal value corresponding to a halftone gray by a second value based on the common voltage, and is configured to shift a third input image signal value corresponding to a white gray by a third value based on the common voltage. The first value and the second value are larger than a kickback voltage of each of the black gray and the halftone gray, and the third value is the same as a kickback voltage of the white gray.

Abstract: Among data voltages applied to a plurality of pixels on a display panel, a first data voltage is shifted from a first original data voltage by a first value, a second data voltage is shifted from a second original data voltage by a second value, and a third data voltage is shifted from a third original data voltage by a third value to compensate for AC and DC afterimages. A common voltage generator provides an optimal common voltage for the third data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is lower than a reference temperature and provides an optimal common voltage for the first data voltage or the second data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is higher than or equal to the reference temperature. The first, second, and third values correspond to respective kickback voltages of the respective gray level data voltages.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display, a pretilt value provided by an upper alignment layer or a lower alignment layer is gradually changed in one domain, such that liquid crystal molecules have various arrangements in which azimuth angles of aligned liquid crystal molecules are gradually changed.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling a virtual engine sound in response to auto-cruise speed settings may include: a controller area network (CAN) communication unit configured to receive information on one or more of auto-cruise speed settings and whether an auto-cruise function is activated, and generate a CAN signal; a control unit configured to control a virtual engine sound function in response to the CAN signal; a signal processing unit configured to process and output a virtual engine sound signal according to control of the control unit; and a digital amp unit configured to amplify the virtual engine sound signal outputted from the signal processing unit and produce a virtual engine sound.

Abstract: Among data voltages applied to a plurality of pixels on a display panel, a first data voltage is shifted from a first original data voltage by a first value, a second data voltage is shifted from a second original data voltage by a second value, and a third data voltage is shifted from a third original data voltage by a third value to compensate for AC and DC afterimages. A common voltage generator provides an optimal common voltage for the third data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is lower than a reference temperature and provides an optimal common voltage for the first data voltage or the second data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is higher than or equal to the reference temperature. The first, second, and third values correspond to respective kickback voltages of the respective gray level data voltages.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a light blocking pattern disposed on the first substrate; and a column spacer which is disposed on the first substrate and maintains a distance between the first substrate and the second substrate, where the light blocking pattern and the column spacer are spaced apart from each other, and the column spacer has an island shape surrounded by the light blocking pattern.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a photoalignment layer includes: applying a photoalignment agent including a copolymer of at least one of cyclobutanedianhydride and a cyclobutanedianhydride derivative, and diamine, and a crosslinking agent including an alkylene group having a formula —CnH2n—, wherein n is a natural number, on a substrate; pre-baking the photoalignment agent applied on the substrate to form a pre-baked photoalignment agent; hard-baking the pre-baked photoalignment agent to form a hard-baked photoalignment agent; irradiating the hard-baked photoalignment agent with a light source thereby photoaligning the photoalignment agent; and secondarily baking the photoalignment agent irradiated with the light source, where in the application of the photoalignment agent on the substrate, the photoalignment agent applied on an edge portion of the substrate is applied in about 30 to about 70 wt %, relative to the photoalignment agent applied on the center portion of the substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display that includes: a first substrate; a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate; a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor; and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer is formed by polymerizing a diamine and at least one of cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) and a cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) derivative. A decomposition efficiency representing a change in imidization ratio included before and after light exposure of the first alignment layer is in a range of 10% to 30%.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display is provided. A photo-alignment layer thereof includes a polyimide and a crosslinker including an alkylene group (—CnH2n—, where n is a natural number) and a plurality of crosslinking end groups, wherein the plurality of crosslinking end groups include at least two types of end groups or end group derivatives, each type having a different available functional group.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display includes; a first substrate, a second substrate disposed facing the first substrate, an alignment layer disposed on at least one of the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the alignment layer comprises a major alignment material and a vertical photo-alignment material, and the vertical photo-alignment material comprises a first vertical functional group, and a liquid crystal layer interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate.

Abstract: A photoalignment agent includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m—, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format. A liquid crystal display includes a first substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode. The first alignment layer includes a polyimide and a capping terminal connected to a main chain end terminal of the polyimide. The capping terminal includes an alkylene group (—CmH2m-, m is a natural number) and a core stereo unit in a dendrimer format.

Abstract: A liquid crystal photo-alignment agent includes a polyimide copolymer including a first structure unit represented by the described Chemical Formula 1 and a second structure unit represented by the described Chemical Formula 2, and, based on a 100 mole % sum total of the first structure unit and the second structure unit, the first structure unit is included in an amount of 70 to 95 mole % and the second structure unit is included in an amount of 5 to 30 mole %. A liquid crystal photo-alignment film may be manufactured using the same, and a liquid crystal display may include the liquid crystal photo-alignment film.

Abstract: Provided is a liquid crystal display, including: a first substrate; a first electrode and a second electrode disposed on the first substrate and overlapping with each other with a first insulating layer therebetween; a second insulating layer disposed on the first substrate and having an opening; a second substrate facing the first substrate; a first alignment layer disposed on the first substrate; a second alignment layer disposed on the second substrate; and a spacer disposed between the first alignment layer and the second alignment layer, in which the spacer is positioned in the opening.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display including a first substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the first substrate, a first electrode connected to the thin film transistor, and a first alignment layer disposed on the first electrode, wherein the first alignment layer includes polyimide and a capping group connected to a main chain end of the polyimide, and the capping group contains at least one of a first compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1, and a second compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2: A1 and A2 are, independently of each other, an aromatic compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or an aliphatic cyclic compound having 4 to 20 carbon atoms; and B1 and B2 are, independently of each other, a crosslinking reaction group containing an alkylene group (—CnH2n—, n is a natural number).

Abstract: Among data voltages applied to a plurality of pixels on a display panel, a first data voltage is shifted from a first original data voltage by a first value, a second data voltage is shifted from a second original data voltage by a second value, and a third data voltage is shifted from a third original data voltage by a third value to compensate for AC and DC afterimages. A common voltage generator provides an optimal common voltage for the third data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is lower than a reference temperature and provides an optimal common voltage for the first data voltage or the second data voltage when the temperature of the liquid crystal panel assembly is higher than or equal to the reference temperature. The first, second, and third values correspond to respective kickback voltages of the respective gray level data voltages.

Abstract: A photoreactive material layer includes an upper portion and a lower portion each including a uniformly aligned crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the upper portion includes a first portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the first portion of the photoreactive material and the second portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in a first direction, and the lower portion includes a third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and a fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material, wherein the third portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material and the fourth portion of the crosslinked photoreactive material are crosslinked with each other and aligned in the first direction.

Abstract: A photoalignment agent includes: a copolymer obtained from at least one of cyclobutane dianhydride (CBDA) and a cyclobutane dianhydride derivative, and a diamine; and a cross-linking agent including an alkylene group —CnH2n—, n being a natural number.