Abstract: A method of preparing a toner, includes: preparing a core by mixing a polyester resin and a colorant with at least one material selected from the group consisting of a macromonomer having hydrophilic group, hydrophobic group, and at least one reactive functional group and a reactive emulsifying agent. A shell is formed on the core by polymerizing the exterior surface of the core with one or more polymerizable monomers and an initiator, wherein at least one material selected from the group consisting of the macromonomer and the reactive emulsifying agent participate in the polymerization reaction. Also, provided are a toner prepared using the method, an image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus employing the toner.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a photoresist composition suitable for coating onto a large substrate and having improved coating uniformity to prevent occurrence of stains, a coating method thereof, a method of forming an organic film pattern using the same, and a display device fabricated thereby. The present invention thus provides a photoresist composition comprising a polymeric resin with an incorporated polysiloxane resin, a photosensitive compound, and an organic solvent. Accordingly, the photoresist composition can be coated onto a large substrate by a spinless coating method, and thereby coating uniformity can be improved, the occurrence of stains such as cumulous stains and resin streaks can be prevented, and the coating rate and quality of a final product prepared using the photoresist composition can also thereby be enhanced.

Abstract: A backlight unit using a microwave plasma ultraviolet lamp as a light source and a liquid crystal display including the backlight unit. The backlight unit for a liquid crystal display comprises a tube filled with discharge gas, a cavity resonator in which one end of the tube is inserted, a magnetron for generating microwaves and supplying the generated microwaves to the cavity resonator, a magnetron driver for driving the magnetron, and a phosphor layer for converting ultraviolet light generated in the tube into visible light.

Abstract: A vacuum type pickup apparatus may include an absorption pad having an absorption inlet for contacting and/or picking up an object. A pad holder may be connected to the absorption pad. The pad holder may also have a vacuum line. A separator may be provided in the pad holder for forcibly releasing the object from the absorption inlet of the absorption pad. During the forcible release of the object, the air around the absorption pad may be drawn into the pad holder, thus reducing or preventing the potential contamination by impurities of the object as well as the equipment around the object. Also, an additional vacuum extinguisher may not be required, thus simplifying the structure of the vacuum type pickup apparatus and reducing installation costs. Furthermore, the object may be picked up and released in a relatively expedient, safe, and accurate manner, despite the suction force of the vacuum that may be maintained in the pad holder.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for driving the data in a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel are presented. The method and apparatus prevent or reduce defects at the boundary between pixel blocks when the pixel blocks are sequentially driven on a block-by-block basis. The method includes applying data signals to a first data block, precharging a second data block that is adjacent to the first data block to a predetermined precharge voltage, and applying data signals to the second data block. The precharging prevents a large voltage difference at the boundary, thereby reducing defects.

Abstract: A complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor may include: a semiconductor substrate; a photodiode formed on a first portion of the semiconductor substrate; a transfer gate formed on the semiconductor substrate, near the photodiode, to transfer optical charges accumulated in the photodiode; a floating diffusion area formed on a second portion of the semiconductor substrate, on an opposite side of the transfer gate from the photodiode, to accommodate the optical charges; and/or a channel area formed under the transfer gate and contacting a side of the photodiode to transfer the optical charges. The transfer gate may be formed, at least in part, of transparent material. A method of manufacturing a complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor image sensor may include: forming the photodiode; forming the floating diffusion area, separate from the photodiode; and/or forming the transfer gate, near the photodiode, to transfer optical charges accumulated in the photodiode.

Abstract: An apparatus for driving a plasma display panel includes a first driver and a second driver and a first power supplier and a second power supplier for generating sustain discharge pulses having no negative (?) level. The first driver includes a first capacitor charged to a first voltage and is coupled to a power source for supplying a voltage Vs and a ground voltage. The first driver, coupled to one terminal of a panel capacitor, operates to alternately apply double the voltage Vs formed by the power source and the first capacitor and the ground voltage to the one terminal of the panel capacitor. The second power supplier, coupled to the power source and the ground voltage, includes a second capacitor charged to Vs. The second driver coupled to the other terminal of the panel capacitor operates to alternately apply double the voltage Vs formed by the power source and the second capacitor and the ground voltage to the other terminal of the panel capacitor.

Abstract: A flexible printed circuit board and a bracket structure for the hard disk drive. The flexible printed circuit board includes a base layer, a circuit layer provided on the base layer, a cover layer provided on the circuit layer, and a filter layer interposed between the base layer and the circuit layer. Also, the bracket structure includes a flexible printed circuit board for driving an actuator, a bracket connected to the flexible printed circuit board, and a filter interposed between the flexible printed circuit board and the bracket. Thermal asperity caused by fine particles in the hard disk drive is prevented so that performance deterioration of the hard disk drive is prevented and reliability thereof is improved.

Abstract: A method of preparing a toner includes: preparing a toner composition including a macromonomer having a hydrophilic group, a hydrophobic group and at least one reactive functional group, at least one polymerizable monomer, and a colorant; emulsion-polymerizing the toner composition in a medium; and separating and drying the polymerized toner. A toner is prepared using the method. An image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus using the toner are also provided. According to the method, the size, distribution and configuration of toner particles are easily controlled. In addition, the method does not involve the use of or minimizes the use of a surfactant, and decreases polluted water and waste water, which is very advantageous environmentally.

Abstract: Provided are a digital data tagging apparatus for generating sensory and environmental information as a tag and endowing digital data with the sensory and environmental information that is automatically extracted using sensory sensor data and environmental sensor data, all of which are sensed by humans through their sensory organs, and a system and method for providing a tagging and search service using sensory and environmental information.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a pharmaceutical composition for treating hepatitis C virus infection comprising an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and bile acid. More specifically, disclosed are a pharmaceutical composition for treating hepatitis C vims infection comprising fluvastatin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof along with ursodeoxycholic acid and a preparation method thereof.

Abstract: An electrophotographic toner including a latex, a coloring agent, and a release agent, wherein a difference between an average circularity of toner having a particle size of D16p or less (S16) and an average circularity of toner having a particle size of D50p or less (S50) is about 0.01 or less, wherein the circularity is measured using a flow particle image analyzer (FPIA), and the ratio of an area of wax to a total cross-sectional area of the toner having a particle size of D16p or less is about 8/100 or greater, and wherein the area is measured using a transmission electron microscope (TEM).

Abstract: A toner to develop an electrostatic latent image which includes a latex, a colorant, and a release agent, wherein the toner has a complex viscosity (?*) in a range of about 2.5×102 to about 1.0×103 Pa·s and a loss tangent (tan ?) in a range of about 1.3 to about 2.3 at a temperature of about 160° C. and wherein the ?* is defined by a formula ?*=(G?2+G?2)1/2/w, and the tan ? is defined by a formula G?/G?, where G? is a storage elastic modulus and G? is a loss elastic modulus as determined under the following conditions of an angular velocity being about 6.28 rad/s and at a temperature increasing at a rate of about 2.0° C/min.

Abstract: In a PDP, a waveform which has a reset function, an address function, and a sustain discharge function to a scan electrode while a sustain electrode is biased at a constant voltage. The waveform includes a voltage which corresponds to a difference between a voltage applied to the scan electrode and a voltage applied to the sustain electrode in the general driving waveform. As a result, a board for driving the sustain electrode is eliminated, and a combined board is realized.

Abstract: A method of preparing a toner, including: preparing a colorant dispersion by mixing a reactive emulsifier and a colorant; preparing a toner composition by mixing a macromonomer including a hydrophilic group, a hydrophobic group and at least one reactive functional group, at least one polymerizable monomer and a chain transfer agent with the colorant dispersion; emulsion polymerizing the toner composition in a medium; and separating and drying the polymerized toner, wherein the amounts of the macromonomer and the chain transfer agent are controlled to regulate the configuration of toner particles. A toner prepared using the method, an image forming method using the toner, and an image forming apparatus using the toner are also provided by the invention. According to the method, the size and configuration of toner particles are easily controlled. In addition, the method minimizes the use of a surfactant, and decreases polluted water and waste water, which is very advantageous environmentally.

Abstract: A display substrate having a low-resistance metallic layer and a method of manufacturing the display substrate. The gate conductors are extended in a first direction. The source conductors are extended in a second direction crossing the first direction including a lower layer of molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy, and an upper layer of aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The pixel areas are defined by the gate conductors and the source conductors. A switching element is formed in each of the pixel areas and includes a gate electrode extended from the gate conductor and a source electrode extended from the source conductor. The pixel electrode includes a transparent conductive material, and is electrically connected to a drain electrode of the switching element.

Abstract: Disclosed are a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image and a method of preparing the same. The toner may include latex, a pigment and a releasing agent. The lowest crossover temperature of the toner at which the storage modulus (G?) and the loss modulus (G?) of the toner are substantially equal to each other may be in the range of about 65 to about 80° C. The weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the toner may be in the range of about 65,000 to about 75,000. The z-average molecular weight (Mz) of the toner may be in the range of about 110,000 to about 220,000.

Abstract: Disclosed are a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image and a method of preparing the toner. The toner may include a latex, a colorant and a releasing agent, and may further include sulfur (S), iron (Fe) and silicon (Si). The [S]/[Fe] ratio may be within the range between about 5.0×10?4 and about 5.0×10?2. The [Si]/[Fe] ratio may be within the range of between about 5.0×10?4 and about 5.0×10?2. [S], [Fe] and [Si] are the amounts of S, Fe and Si measured by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, respectively.

Abstract: Provided are toner for developing an electrostatic latent image and a method of preparing the same. The toner has G?(60) of about 4.0×107 Pa to about 4.0×108 Pa, G?(60)/G?(80) of about 100 to about 500, and G?(100, 140) of about 3.0×103 Pa to about 1.5×105 Pa. The G?(60) and G?(80) are storage moduli Pa at about 60° C. and about 80° C. under measurement conditions of an angular velocity of about 6.28 rad/s and a heating rate of about 2.0° C./minute, respectively. The G?(100, 140) is a storage modulus Pa at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 140° C. under measurement conditions of an angular velocity of about 6.28 rad/s and a heating rate of about 2.0° C./minute.

Abstract: Provided are an electrophotographic toner and a method of preparing the same. The toner includes a latex, a coloring agent, and a release agent, and has a selected amount of wax exposed on the surface of the toner.