Abstract: An off-road travel assistive device includes a receiver configured to receive travel data of a vehicle, and an estimator. The estimator includes a road surface severity estimator configured to estimate road surface severity data based on the travel data of the vehicle. The device also includes a stuck probability determiner configured to determine probability of a stuck state of the vehicle occurring using the travel data and the road surface severity data. The stuck probability determiner determines stuck probability using a meta-model.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra prediction method and apparatus. The image decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding information on intra prediction; and generating a prediction block by performing intra prediction for a current block based on the information on intra prediction. The information on intra prediction may include information on an intra prediction mode, and the intra prediction mode may include a curved intra prediction mode.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an intra prediction method and apparatus. The image decoding method according to the present invention may comprise decoding information on intra prediction; and generating a prediction block by performing intra prediction for a current block based on the information on intra prediction. The information on intra prediction may include information on an intra prediction mode, and the intra prediction mode may include a curved intra prediction mode.

Abstract: An image encoding/decoding method and apparatus for predicting a second color component block using a first color component block are provided. An image decoding method of the present invention comprises deriving a prediction parameter using the first color component block, and predicting the second color component block using the derived prediction parameter.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a material for organic EL elements, the material being excellent in hole injecting/transporting performance, electron-blocking capability, stability in the form of a thin film, and durability. Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL element having high efficiency, a low driving voltage, and a long lifespan, by combining the aforementioned material with various materials for organic EL elements, the materials being excellent in hole/electron injecting/transporting performance, electron-blocking capability, stability in the form of a thin film, and durability, such that the properties of the individual materials can be effectively exhibited.

Abstract: A storage device may read a plurality of data units from a host memory buffer prior to entering a low power mode, release a communication link with the host after reading the plurality of data unit, execute a background operation based on at least one of the plurality of data units, and enter into the low power mode after executing the background operation.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a battery cell formation apparatus according to the present invention that includes: a formation body part for performing formation of battery cells; a loading buffer part in which battery cells can wait before being put into the formation body part; an unloading buffer part in which battery cells, which are transported from the formation body part when the formation process is finished, can wait; a piercing part located at one side of the loading buffer part and forming a through hole in a gas pocket part of a battery cell accommodated in the loading buffer part; and a sealing part located on one side of the unloading buffer part and sealing a through-hole formed in a battery cell accommodated in the unloading buffer part.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing a semiconductor chip are provided. The methods may include providing a semiconductor substrate including integrated circuit regions and a cut region. The cut region may be between the integrated circuit regions. The methods may also include forming a modified layer by emitting a laser beam into the semiconductor substrate along the cut region, polishing an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate to propagate a crack from the modified layer, and separating the integrated circuit regions along the crack. The cut region may include a plurality of multilayer metal patterns on an active surface of the semiconductor substrate, which is opposite to the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate. The plurality of multilayer metal patterns may form a pyramid structure when viewed in cross section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a supported catalyst for producing carbon nanotubes which includes a carrier having a number average particle size (DMN) of 1.5 ?m to 20 ?m, and an active ingredient supported in the carrier, wherein the active ingredient which prevents the aggregation between particles and supports the particles may act as an active ingredient, so that it is possible to provide a supported catalyst which has excellent activity, and thus, which may improve the production yield.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a light emitting device including: a first electrode; a second electrode overlapping the first electrode in a plan view; and a light emitting part disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. The second electrode includes a first layer disposed on the light emitting part and including a first organic material, and a metal thin film layer disposed on the first layer and including a first metal. The light emitting part includes an emission layer, a hole transport region disposed between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode. The first layer is disposed on the electron transport region.

Abstract: A display device includes a base substrate, an organic layer on the base substrate and including a pattern region having an uneven pattern formed thereon, and a non-pattern region having a substantially flat surface, a light-emitting element on the organic layer, and a color conversion pattern on the light-emitting element and overlapping the pattern region and the non-pattern region.

Abstract: Provided are an anode for electrolysis, which includes a metal base, and a catalyst layer disposed on at least one surface of the metal base, wherein the catalyst layer includes a composite metal oxide of ruthenium, iridium, titanium, and platinum, and a metal in the composite metal oxide does not include palladium, wherein, when the catalyst layer is equally divided into a plurality of pixels, a standard deviation of iridium compositions of the plurality of equally divided pixels is 0.40 or less, and a method of preparing the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying waste hydrochloric acid, and more particularly, to a method of purifying waste hydrochloric acid which includes preparing an extraction solution by dissolving an extractant in an organic solvent (S1), extracting metallic components with the organic solvent by adding the extraction solution to the waste hydrochloric acid (S2), separating a waste hydrochloric acid layer and the organic solvent containing the metallic components (S3), and obtaining purified hydrochloric acid by recovering the separated (fractionated) waste hydrochloric acid layer (S4), wherein the extractant is used in an amount of 40 moles or more based on 1 mole of iron (Fe) included in the waste hydrochloric acid, and the waste hydrochloric acid and the extraction solution are mixed in a volume ratio of 1:0.1 to 1:1.

Abstract: The present invention provides a tin oxide forming composition and a tin oxide forming method using the tin oxide forming composition. The tin oxide forming composition of the present invention is easy to manufacture and is capable of forming a tin oxide with a high yield.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip includes a substrate including: a main chip region; and a scribe lane surrounding the main chip region; a lower interlayer insulating layer disposed on the substrate in the scribe lane; a circuit structure disposed on the lower interlayer insulating layer in the scribe lane; and a pad structure disposed on the lower interlayer insulating layer. The circuit structure and the pad structure are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the scribe lane.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquefied natural gas storage apparatus. The apparatus includes a heat insulated tank and liquefied natural gas contained in the tank. The tank has heat insulation sufficient to maintain liquefied natural gas therein such that most of the liquefied natural gas stays in liquid. The contained liquefied natural gas has a vapor pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar. The apparatus further includes a safety valve configured to release a part of liquefied natural gas contained in the tank when a vapor pressure of liquefied natural gas within the tank becomes higher than a cut-off pressure. The cut-off pressure is from about 0.3 bar to about 2 bar.

Abstract: A semiconductor chip including an alignment pattern is provided. The semiconductor chip includes a substrate associated with a main chip region of a semiconductor wafer and including a scribe lane. A lower interlayer insulating layer is disposed on the substrate, a low-K layer including dummy metal patterns is disposed on the lower interlayer insulating layer, an alignment pattern is disposed on the low-K layer, and a passivation layer covers the alignment pattern.

Abstract: An ultra-compact phototherapy apparatus for treating skin diseases includes: a PCB substrate in which a light emitting element and a pair of left and right first metal electrodes (positive pole) are formed on an upper surface and a second metal electrode is formed on a lower surface, a battery having a first electrode on an upper surface, which is in contact with the second metal electrode on the lower surface of the PCB substrate, and a second electrode on a lower surface, and an electrode body formed so that the battery is inserted inside and the PCB substrate is inserted in slidingly a front-rear direction, of which an upper inner side is selectively in contact with the first metal electrode of the PCB substrate.

Abstract: A display device includes: a first base substrate which comprises a plurality of pixels; a pixel electrode on the first base substrate in each of the pixels and comprises a reflective film; an organic layer on the pixel electrode; and a common electrode on the organic layer, wherein the pixel electrode has a reflectance of 80% or more for light in a first wavelength range of 420 nm to 470 nm.

Abstract: A color conversion element includes a base substrate, and a first color filter layer, a second color conversion layer, and a third color conversion layer disposed on the base substrate, wherein the first color filter layer, the second color conversion layer, and the third color conversion layer are sequentially arranged on a plane, and wherein an interval between the first color filter layer and the second color conversion layer or an interval between the first color filter layer and the third color conversion layer is different from an interval between the second color conversion layer and the third color conversion layer.