Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: A flash memory device including memory cells, each memory cell configured to store bits, a sensing circuit configured to sequentially sense, for each memory cell, sets of the bits of the memory cell, a data rearrangement unit configured to receive words of data and to rearrange bits of the words to be stored in the memory cells, and an output circuit configured to output a group of the words using the sets of bits from one sensing, at least as early as during a subsequent sensing of sets of bits.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for fine circuit formation, in which an unnecessary metal layer formed on the upper portion of a circuit pattern is removed through mechanical polishing and then chemical etching. In place of expensive chemical mechanical polishing, in the method of the invention, mechanical polishing and chemical etching are continuously applied to thus sequentially remove and planarize the unnecessary metal layer. Thereby, through an inexpensive, simple, and continuous process, the planarization procedure can be precisely performed, thus making it possible to apply the method to large areas and economically realize a fine circuit pattern.

Abstract: A flash memory device and a method of erasing memory cells in a flash memory device are provided. A first post program operation is performed on erased memory cells having a threshold voltage lower than a first program verify voltage. A second post program operation is performed on erased memory cells having a threshold voltage lower than a second program verify voltage. The second program verify voltage is lower than the first program verify voltage.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices having slopes at lower sides of an interconnection hole include an etch-stop layer and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate having the lower conductive layer. Portions of the etch-stop layer are exposed by selectively etching the interlayer dielectric layer. A step is formed in the etch-stop layer by removing portions of the exposed etch-stop layer. And, the step is formed at a boundary between a recessed portion of the exposed etch-stop layer and a raised portion of the etch-stop layer covered with the interlayer dielectric layer. Portions of the interlayer dielectric layer are removed to expose portions of the raised portion of the etch-stop layer. And, the exposed recessed and raised portions are anisotropically etched to expose the lower conductive layer and to form the interconnection hole having the slopes, wherein the slopes are made of a residual etch-stop layer at the lower sides of the interconnection hole.

Abstract: Disclosed are a nanocrater catalyst in metal nanoparticles with a nanocrater form of hole structure in center of the catalyst which is useful for manufacturing nano-sized materials and/or articles with desired structure and characteristics, a preparation method thereof including a plasma etching and chemical etching process (“PTCE process”), and nano-sized materials and/or articles manufactured by using the nanocrater catalyst in metal nanoparticles.

Abstract: A heat-releasing printed circuit board and semiconductor chip package are disclosed. The heat-releasing printed circuit board includes an insulation layer, on a surface of which a circuit pattern is formed, and a solder resist, which is stacked on the insulation layer, where the solder resist contains carbon nanotubes. The heat-releasing printed circuit board allows the heat generated in a semiconductor chip to be dispersed in several directions of the board or package, to improve heat-releasing property.

Abstract: A link adaptation system using a Doppler frequency is provided. The link adaptation system includes: a Doppler frequency estimation unit to estimate a Doppler frequency of a signal transmitted via a wireless channel; a Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) measurement interval determination unit to determine an SNR measurement interval of the signal transmitted via the wireless channel based on the estimated Doppler frequency; and an SNR measurement unit to measure an SNR of the signal based on the determined SNR measurement interval.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a wire grid device is provided. The method includes: forming SAM (self assembly monomer) nano patterns on a substrate; and forming a wire grid between neighboring SAM nano patterns on the substrate on which the SAM nano patterns are formed by using an electroless plating technique or forming the wire grid on the SAM nano patterns on the SAM nano patterns by using the SAM nano patterns as a seed layer by using the electroless plating technique.

Abstract: Disclosed are carbon nitride (C1-xNx) nanotubes with nano-sized pores on their stems, their preparation method and control method of size and quantity of pores thereof. The present invention further has an object of providing the C1-xNx nanotube with pores having the size of not more than 1 nm over structure of the nanotube and a method for preparing the same. Another object of the present invention is to provide the control method of the size and quantity of pores with size of not more than 1 nm in the preparation of the C1-xNx nanotube with the pores over structure of the nanotube. The present invention can produce the C1-xNx nanotube with nano-sized pores by reacting hydrocarbon gas and nitrogen gas through plasma CVD in the presence of metal catalyst particles, wherein x ranges from 0.001 to 0.2.

Abstract: Provided is a method of performing three-dimensional (3D) graphics geometric transformation using a parallel processor having a plurality of Processing Elements (PEs). The method includes performing model/view transformation and projection transformation on a first group of vertex vectors using the parallel processor; calculating a value used for quaternion correction of the first group of vertex vectors using a general-use processor, and simultaneously performing model/view transformation and projection transformation on a second group of vertex vectors; performing quaternion correction and screen mapping on the first group of vertex vectors, and simultaneously calculating a value used for quaternion correction of the second group of vertex vectors using the general-use processor; and performing quaternion correction and screen mapping on the second group of vertex vectors.

Abstract: The present invention provides a network-based location measurement method using a pCELL database, comprising the steps of establishing a pCELL database in which a location measurement service target area is divided into lattices each having a predetermined size; continuously determining whether a request for location measurement occurs by a service subscriber; and, when the request for location measurement is generated, comparing fundamental information received from a mobile terminal with the pCELL database, determining a matching pCELL, and reporting the pCELL to the service requester. Furthermore, the present invention is constructed to periodically update a initially established pCELL database using the results of A-GPS-based location measurement and reflect variation in BTSs within a mobile communication network to the pCELL database, thereby always maintaining the optimal databae.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for the treatment bone fracture comprising N-hydroxy-4-{5-[4-(5-isopropyl-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]pentoxyl-benzamidine, 4-{5-[4-(5-isopropyl-2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)phenoxy]pentoxy}-benzamidine or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof as a medicinally effective ingredient. The composition of the present invention can significantly reduce the volume of bony callus, and increase bony density and strength of bony callus, and decrease the contents of connective tissue and cartilage tissue in bony callus, and thus promote loss and ossification of the bony callus formed during the fracture healing process. Therefore, the composition of the present invention is useful for the treatment of bone fracture.

Abstract: A fan includes a main plate and at least one or more blades connected to the main plate. At least a portion of a boundary portion between the main plate and a pressure surface of the blade is provided as a curved boundary portion such that the blade and the main plate are connected to each other at a curvature.

Abstract: A flash memory device including memory cells, each memory cell configured to store bits, a sensing circuit configured to sequentially sense, for each memory cell, sets of the bits of the memory cell, a data rearrangement unit configured to receive words of data and to rearrange bits of the words to be stored in the memory cells, and an output circuit configured to output a group of the words using the sets of bits from one sensing, at least as early as during a subsequent sensing of sets of bits.

Abstract: A flash memory device and a method of erasing memory cells in a flash memory device are provided. A first post program operation is performed on erased memory cells having a threshold voltage lower than a first program verify voltage. A second post program operation is performed on erased memory cells having a threshold voltage lower than a second program verify voltage. The second program verify voltage is lower than the first program verify voltage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid material using nitrogen as a medium. The present invention is characterized in that nitrogen-added carbon nanotube is grown in the presence of metal catalyst particles by reacting an hydrocarbon gas with a nitrogen gas by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and a transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid material where a transition metal is uniformly attached to the entire carbon nanotube structure in which nitrogen with a great chemical reactivity is added as heterogeneous elements is chemically manufactured. Therefore, the present invention does not use an acid treatment required to attach transition-metal atoms to the carbon-nanotube, a surface treating process using a surfactant and the like and an inhibitor for preventing the coagulation of the transition metal so that a simplification of the process is obtained and the method is an environment-friendly method.

Abstract: An air conditioner is disclosed which includes a damper adapted to select a desired path of air humidified by a moisture release portion of a desiccant wheel in accordance with a humidification or dehumidification mode. In accordance with operation of the damper, humidified air is heat-exchanged in a heat exchanger in the dehumidification mode, so that the air is dehumidified. The dehumidified air is discharged into a room. In the humidification mode, the humidified air is directly discharged to the room. Thus, the air conditioner can be used as a humidifier or dehumidifier in accordance with a user selection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a flame retardant resin composition for a printed circuit board and a printed circuit board using the same, in more detail, to a flame retardant resin composition which includes: (a) a complex epoxy resin (b) an amino triazine type curing agent; (c) a curing accelerator; and (d) an inorganic filler, so that the flame retardant resin composition not only can show an excellent thermal stability, an excellent mechanical strength and a suitability for the imprinting lithography method but also can improve the reliability of a substrate by reducing a thermal expansion ratio, and to a printed circuit board using the same.