Abstract: A flash memory device including memory cells, each memory cell configured to store bits, a sensing circuit configured to sequentially sense, for each memory cell, sets of the bits of the memory cell, a data rearrangement unit configured to receive words of data and to rearrange bits of the words to be stored in the memory cells, and an output circuit configured to output a group of the words using the sets of bits from one sensing, at least as early as during a subsequent sensing of sets of bits.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a stamper is disclosed. By using a method that includes: manufacturing a small stamper, in which a first relievo is formed; repeatedly imprinting the small stamper on a large master mold to form a first intaglio corresponding to the first relievo; and molding such that a second relievo is formed, which is in correspondence with the first intaglio, a broad stamper having identical repeated patterns may be manufactured.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a multilayer ceramic capacitor, in which internal electrodes printed on each of a plurality of dielectric sheets have reduced thicknesses using an absorption member, thereby allowing the multilayer ceramic capacitor to have a high capacity and be minimized. The method includes printing the internal electrodes on each of the dielectric sheets, and stacking the dielectric sheets, wherein the internal electrodes formed on each of the dielectric sheets have a reduced thickness by causing an absorptive member to contact the surface of each of the dielectric sheets provided with the internal electrodes and then separating the absorptive member from the surface so that portions of the internal electrodes having a designated thickness are eliminated, and the dielectric sheets provided with the internal electrodes having the reduced thickness are stacked to form a chip element.

Abstract: An air conditioner is disclosed which includes a case including an external air inlet opening formed in a side of the case, a heat exchanger provided in the case, and a guide part which guides external air which enters the case through the external air inlet opening into an interior of the heat exchanger.

Abstract: An air conditioner including a housing and a fan within the housing is provided. The fan may be configured to draw air into the housing and direct air radially outward. A heat exchanger may be configured to exchange heat with the air drawn into the housing. Also, at least one airflow guide may be configured to extend into a flow path of the air so that the flow of air is guided through the heat exchanger along a surface of the airflow guide.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing printed circuit board is disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board, more particularly to a method for manufacturing a printed circuit board, in which an oxidant capable of polymerizing conductive polymers is selectively marked on a board using imprinting, and the monomer of a conductive polymer is filled in the selected pattern and polymerized, to provide a conductive polymer wiring pattern. With the method for manufacturing a printed circuit board according to certain aspects of the invention as set forth above, a printed circuit board can be given finer wiring widths to allow a highly integrated, highly efficient printed circuit board. Thus, a printed circuit board (PCB) or a flexible printed circuit boards (FPCB) can be manufactured that is applicable to industrial, clerical, and domestic electric electronic products, by a new technique of forming conductive polymer wiring using imprinting.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a printed circuit board for fine circuit formation, in which an unnecessary metal layer formed on the upper portion of a circuit pattern is removed through mechanical polishing and then chemical etching. In place of expensive chemical mechanical polishing, in the method of the invention, mechanical polishing and chemical etching are continuously applied to thus sequentially remove and planarize the unnecessary metal layer. Thereby, through an inexpensive, simple, and continuous process, the planarization procedure can be precisely performed, thus making it possible to apply the method to large areas and economically realize a fine circuit pattern.

Abstract: A bit rate control method may include calculating a quality measure of a current frame and a mean of quality measures of two or more previous frames in order to calculate a deviation of the quality measure of the current frame from the mean of the quality measures of the two or more previous frames; comparing the deviation to a critical value measure; and controlling a quantization parameter in response to a result of the comparison. A bit rate control apparatus may include a quality measure calculator that calculates the quality measure of the current frame and the mean of the quality measures of the two or more previous frames in order to calculate the deviation; a comparator that compares the deviation to the critical value measure; and a quantization parameter setting unit that controls the quantization parameter in response to the result of the comparison.

Abstract: An air conditioner, especially to an apparatus for redirecting wind in an indoor unit of the air conditioner is disclosed. A scroll guide provided so as to form an air duct at the circumference of a centrifugal fan for sucking and discharging the interior air so that the interior air can pass through a heat exchanger is installed in a rotation controllable state. Wind direction patterns can be regulated in various states by rotating the scroll guide by a predetermined angle and converting the setting position of an air discharge opening according to the operation mode. The degree of freedom relative to wind redirection of the discharge air can be improved by a variable air duct and the product efficiency and the reliability can be improved through improvement of the wind amount efficiency and reduction of noise.

Abstract: Flash memory devices are provided including a power supply pad unit. The power supply pad unit includes a first power supply pad, a second power supply pad and a power level detection circuit. The first power and second power supply pads are electrically coupled to the power level detection circuit.

Abstract: A blower fan includes a shroud, a hub for guiding airflow being discharged, and a plurality of blades disposed between the shroud and the hub. A first outer diameter of a first portion, which is close to the hub, of the blade is different from a second outer diameter of a second portion, which is close to the shroud, of the blade.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices having slopes at lower sides of an interconnection hole include an etch-stop layer and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate having the lower conductive layer. Portions of the etch-stop layer are exposed by selectively etching the interlayer dielectric layer. A step is formed in the etch-stop layer by removing portions of the exposed etch-stop layer. And, the step is formed at a boundary between a recessed portion of the exposed etch-stop layer and a raised portion of the etch-stop layer covered with the interlayer dielectric layer. Portions of the interlayer dielectric layer are removed to expose portions of the raised portion of the etch-stop layer. And, the exposed recessed and raised portions are anisotropically etched to expose the lower conductive layer and to form the interconnection hole having the slopes, wherein the slopes are made of a residual etch-stop layer at the lower sides of the interconnection hole.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a multilayered ceramic capacitor by a spin coating process, and a multilayered ceramic capacitor obtained by the above method. The method of the current invention provides a plurality of dielectric layers formed by spin coating, in which the process of coating the dielectric layer and the process of printing the inner electrode can be provided as a single process. Therefore, the thickness of the dielectric layer is easily controlled while the dielectric layer is formed to be thin. Further, since the dielectric layers and the inner electrodes are formed successively, the processes of separating and layering the dielectric layers, and the process of compressing the ceramic multilayered body can be omitted. Thereby, the ceramic multilayered body need not be compressed, and thus, a pillowing phenomenon does not occur in the multilayered ceramic capacitor.

Abstract: A driving circuit and a display device including the driving circuit are presented. The driving circuit has a controller, a driving voltage generator, and a gate signal generator. The driving voltage generator generates a first voltage; the controller receives the first voltage and generates a second voltage according to an ambient temperature; and the gate signal generator generates a third voltage based on the second voltage. Accordingly, since only the gate-on voltage Von is designed to change, problems associated with a change in the driving voltage AVDD, such as deterioration of image quality, an increase in power consumption, an increase in operating temperature of the drivers, and shortening of the lifespan of a product, can be reduced or eliminated.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a portable charger for a mobile phone. The portable charger includes a front housing, a rear housing, a belt clip, a fastening unit, a pair of clamps, a release button, an interface connector, a secondary battery and a charge control unit. The portable charger is easy to carry, can easily charge the battery of the mobile phone with direct current power charged in a secondary battery, and can simultaneously charge the secondary battery and the battery of the mobile phone using a travel adaptor.

Abstract: A flash memory device including memory cells, each memory cell configured to store bits, a sensing circuit configured to sequentially sense, for each memory cell, sets of the bits of the memory cell, a data rearrangement unit configured to receive words of data and to rearrange bits of the words to be stored in the memory cells, and an output circuit configured to output a group of the words using the sets of bits from one sensing, at least as early as during a subsequent sensing of sets of bits.

Abstract: Provided is an improved blower fan structure in which length of blades is increased and inlet and outlet angles of the blades are optimized for highly increasing an efficiency of the blower fan. Particularly, an outer diameter of the blades is more than or equal to two times of an inner diameter thereof, for increasing the efficiency without generating a noise.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing semiconductor devices having slopes at lower sides of an interconnection hole include an etch-stop layer and an interlayer dielectric layer sequentially formed on a semiconductor substrate having the lower conductive layer. Portions of the etch-stop layer are exposed by selectively etching the interlayer dielectric layer. A step is formed in the etch-stop layer by removing portions of the exposed etch-stop layer. And, the step is formed at a boundary between a recessed portion of the exposed etch-stop layer and a raised portion of the etch-stop layer covered with the interlayer dielectric layer. Portions of the interlayer dielectric layer are removed to expose portions of the raised portion of the etch-stop layer. And, the exposed recessed and raised portions are anisotropically etched to expose the lower conductive layer and to form the interconnection hole having the slopes, wherein the slopes are made of a residual etch-stop layer at the lower sides of the interconnection hole.

Abstract: A piping structure of an air conditioner causes a looped main piping connected to a compressor of an outdoor unit of the air conditioner to be branched into two or more branch pipings within a predetermined interval of the main piping and cause the branch pipings to be jointed at an arbitrary location. According to the piping structure, it is possible to reduce a vibration by an interference phenomenon, which is generated when either a refrigerant pulsation or a periodic vibration of the compressor is divided and then combined.