Abstract: A method for tracking a residual frequency offset for a single carrier-frequency domain equalizer system includes: determining a pilot from the data and known pilot data, adding the determined pilot to the leading part of the data, copying a part of the frame of the data after a block and adding it before the block, and generating a preamble to construct one frame; eliminating a cyclic prefix, processing signals per an FFT block, extracting the preamble, and performing an initial channel estimation; updating a channel estimation, performing channel compensation, receiving a pilot, calculating an average phase of all the pilots in one FFT block, updating the channel estimation, performing an IFFT operation, extracting data, and recovering the original digital signal from the data.

Abstract: A lens module includes a barrel, a first lens, a lens holder and a second lens. The barrel has a barrel through hole defined therein. The first lens is fixed in the barrel through hole. The lens holder has a holder through hole defined therein. The second lens is fixed in the holder through hole. The lens holder is rotatably received in the barrel through hole of the barrel, whereby the second lens is coaxially aligned with the first lens. A method for assembling the lens module is also provided.

Abstract: A document camera is used to show image of an object on a display. In the document camera, a first image data of the object obtained by a video-capturing device is derived into a second image data and a third image data by an image processor in response to a zoom operation, wherein the second image data results in a zoomed image of the object and the third image data results in a scaled image of the object. In response to the zoom operation, there is also a mark frame data generated by a position information controller, which results in a mark frame. The zoomed image, scaled image and mark frame are then synthesized into a combined image by an image synthesizer, and the mark frame superimposes the scaled image to indicate a result of the zoom operation.

Abstract: A digital system design method uses a higher programming language. In order to realize a digital system, an algorithm is verified based on a program written by the higher programming language and a program is programmed considering the higher programming language-hardware characteristics before the program is written in the lower programming language, and thus conversion into the lower programming language may be easily performed.

Abstract: An enhanced plane light source has a luminescent layer independently disposed in each recess formed on a light-transmittable substrate, so that field emission electrons directly impact the luminescent layer to produce light, which is not shielded by the cathode. The enhanced plane light source also includes a substrate forming a bottom structure thereof. The bottom substrate has a metal reflection surface to increase the reflectivity and upgrade light-emitting efficiency and luminous intensity. The recesses on the light-transmittable substrate have an approximate semi-circular or semi-parabolic cross section to increase the high field region at the cathode and the effective luminescent area at the anode, so that the luminous intensity and evenness are also largely increased.

Abstract: A light source for projection system is installed on a projector and employs the field emission property between a cathode and an anode to stimulate a fluorescent powder layer for the same to emit light. The projection light source has sufficient brightness without the problems of producing high amount of heat and short service life. The high brightness of the light source enhances the quality of images projected by the projector and largely increases the economic effects of the projector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a transmitting apparatus of a wireless communication system, and a method thereof. The transmitting apparatus monitors receiving of response data for data that has been transmitted to a receiving end, and sets a first parameter for counting successful receipts according to receiving on the response data. The transmitting apparatus demodulates the response data and extracts the number of demodulated data that satisfies a first set value. Subsequently, it is determined whether the first parameter satisfies a second set value and the number of demodulated data satisfies a predetermined ratio of a referential amount of packets. According to the present invention, an efficient transmission mode for a channel state can be provided with reference to an extracted number of soft-decision data from response data received at a receiving end. In addition, a transmission mode can be determined by using only response data according to the present invention.

Abstract: An exemplary automatic gain control device includes: a radio frequency receiver for receiving a plurality of first signals through a plurality of antennas, respectively controlling gains of the plurality of first received signals, and outputting the plurality of the first signals having the controlled gain as a plurality of second signals; a signal saturation detecting unit for outputting a saturation index determination value when the number of plurality of second signals that are greater than a threshold value is greater than a predetermined number; and a gain controlling unit for comparing power values of the plurality of second signals to detect one power value, and outputting a gain value determined based on a detected power value and a saturation index determination value to the radio frequency receiver.

Abstract: A light-emitting diode (20) includes a base (22), an LED chip (24) and a single-piece enclosure (26). The LED chip is electrically mounted on the base configured for emitting light beams. The single-piece enclosure attaches to the base and encloses the LED chip therein. The enclosure includes a central convergent lens portion (260) configured for converging the light beams from the LED chip. A peripheral portion (262) surrounds and extends from the central convergent lens portion to the base. The central convergent lens portion has an outer aspheric surface (264) and is aligned with the LED chip.

Abstract: A digital camera module (100) includes a first sleeve (10), a first motor (20), a first barrel (30), a second sleeve (40), a second motor (50) and a second barrel (60). The first sleeve has at least one lens element (142) received therein. The first motor is received in the first sleeve. The first barrel has at least one lens element (32) received therein. The first motor engages with the first barrel and drives the first barrel to axially slide relative to the first sleeve. The second sleeve is located proximate to the first sleeve. The second motor is received in the second sleeve. The second barrel has at least one lens element (62). The second motor engages with the second barrel and drives the second barrel to axially slide relative to the second sleeve.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing wireless local area network (LAN) transmitting/receiving system for providing expanded service coverage, and a method thereof. According to the present invention, first OFDM modulation is performed for an even-numbered time, and second OFDM modulation is performed by changing subcarrier allocation positions of first OFDM modulated symbols for an odd-numbered time. In addition, a transmitting frame including a plurality of signal fields according to the first and second OFDM modulation is transmitted. The receiving system determines a format configuration of the received frame to determine whether a signal field is repeatedly generated in the frame. When it is determined that the signal field is not repeatedly generated, corresponding demodulation is performed.

Abstract: A field emission backlight module has a field emission structure with cathode and anode provided on the same plane, so that electrons directly penetrate an independently provided fluorescent powder layer to produce light. The light is emitted uniformly without the need of the conventional optical membrane. Since the light produced by the fluorescent powder layer is not blocked by the anode, the problem of charge accumulation on the fluorescent powder layer is avoided, and it is not necessary to use expensive light-transmittable conducting glass as the anode. With the cathode and the anode located at the same plane, it is not necessary to use a precision spacer to adjust the distance between the cathode and the anode, enabling the module to be manufactured at reduced cost and high good yield. When the color sequential displaying method is adopted, expensive color filters required in the conventional LCD may be omitted.

Abstract: Memory cells comprising: a semiconductor substrate having at least two source/drain regions separated by a channel region; a charge-trapping structure disposed above the channel region; and a gate disposed above the charge-trapping structure; wherein the charge-trapping structure comprises a bottom insulating layer, a first charge-trapping layer, and a second charge-trapping layer, wherein an interface between the bottom insulating layer and the substrate has a hydrogen concentration of less than about 3×1011/cm?2, and methods for forming such memory cells.

Abstract: Methods of forming charge-trapping dielectric layer structures in semiconductor memory devices which comprise: (a) providing a semiconductor substrate; (b) forming an oxide layer on at least a portion of the substrate; (c) forming two or more source/drain regions in the substrate below the oxide layer; (d) re-oxidizing the oxide layer; (e) forming a charge-trapping dielectric layer on the oxide layer; and (f) forming an insulating layer on the charge-trapping dielectric layer; as well as methods which comprise: (a) providing a semiconductor substrate; (b) forming an oxide layer on at least a portion of the substrate in a dry atmosphere; (c) forming two or more source/drain regions in the substrate below the oxide layer; (d) forming a charge-trapping dielectric layer on the oxide layer; (e) forming an insulating layer on the charge-trapping dielectric layer; and (f) annealing the insulating layer in an atmosphere having a hydrogen content of less than about 0.01% are described.

Abstract: A method of path selection in a multi-path channel communications system that includes providing path information including at least path parameters and path statuses, setting a plurality of thresholds for the path parameters, comparing the path parameters to the thresholds corresponding to the path parameters, assigning a weighting to the path parameters depending upon comparison with the thresholds, updating the path statuses according to the assigned weighting to the parameters and selecting at least one candidate path according to the updated path statuses.

Abstract: A method of path selection in a multi-path channel communications system that includes providing path information including at least path parameters and path statuses, setting a plurality of thresholds for the path parameters, comparing the path parameters to the thresholds corresponding to the path parameters, assigning a weighting to the path parameters depending upon comparison with the thresholds, updating the path statuses according to the assigned weighting to the parameters and selecting at least one candidate path according to the updated path statuses.

Abstract: A method of path detection in a multi-path communications system that includes selecting an object for configuring a search window, setting at least one sub-window, wherein the sub-window is smaller in size than the search window, providing a first counter for the object, setting a threshold, selecting a decision period for a duration of the object, and detecting a path in a selected region with the at least one sub-window in a plurality of modes corresponding to the threshold.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a non-volatile memory device at least comprises steps as follows. First, a substrate on which a bottom dielectric layer is formed is provided. Then, impurities are introduced through the bottom dielectric layer to the substrate, so as to form a plurality of spaced doped regions on the substrate. The structure is thermally annealed for pushing the spaced doped regions to diffuse outwardly. After annealing, a charge trapping layer is formed on the bottom dielectric layer, and a top dielectric layer is formed on the charge trapping layer. Finally, a gate structure (such as a polysilicon layer and a silicide) is formed on the top dielectric layer.

Abstract: A method is used with a document camera and an image display device for adjusting the image display range. The document camera includes an image synthesis controller and a graphics buffer. In the method, a first image frame and a second image frame are received by the image synthesis controller. In response to the image parallel display information, the graphics buffer is divided into a first region and a second region, and the image synthesis controller fills partial data of the first image frame and second image frame into the first region and the second region, respectively. In response to a change of the image parallel display information made by the user, the graphics buffer is divided into a third region and a fourth region, and the image synthesis controller fills partial data of the first image frame and second image frame into the third region and the fourth region, respectively.

Abstract: A document camera is used to show image picked up from an object and/or image received from an external apparatus such as a computer on an image display. In the document camera, an image sensing and processing device senses image of an object and processing the image into an image signal. A display controller controls the display of the image signal. An image synthesizer combines a first image signal received from an external apparatus with a second image signal received from the image sensing and processing device and has images represented by the first image signal and the second image signal simultaneously displayed under the control of the display controller.