Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a first substrate; a scan line extending in a first direction; a data line that extends in a second direction; a sensing line that extends in the second direction; a switching transistor electrically connected to the scan and the data lines; a driving transistor electrically connected to the switching transistor; a sensing transistor electrically connected to the driving transistor and electrically connected to the sensing line; a first insulating layer between the first substrate and a sensing semiconductor layer of the sensing transistor; a via insulating layer provided on the switching transistor, the driving transistor, and the sensing transistors; and a light-emitting diode including a first electrode, an emission layer, and a second electrode, the first electrode provided on the via insulating layer, wherein the sensing line is below the first insulating layer and overlaps the first electrode of the light-emitting diode.

Abstract: A gate driver includes stages including a delay circuit for receiving an input signal responsive to a clock signal and outputting the input signal to a control node, a voltage limiting circuit for limiting a voltage of the control node based on high and low limit voltages, an inverter circuit for inverting and outputting the voltage of the control node to an inverting control node, a carry output circuit for outputting a first low gate voltage to a carry output node and outputting a first high gate voltage to the carry output node responsive to the voltage of the inverting control node and a gate output circuit for outputting a second low gate voltage that is lower than the first low gate voltage to a gate output node and outputting a second high gate voltage that is higher than the first high gate voltage to the gate output node.

Abstract: A driver including multiple stages is disclosed. At least one of the stages includes an input circuit configured to transfer an input signal to a first node in response to a clock signal, a first transistor connected between the first node and a second node, a carry circuit configured to output a carry signal having a first high gate voltage when the second node has the first high gate voltage, and a level shifting output circuit configured to output an output signal having a second high gate voltage higher than the first high gate voltage by level-shifting the first high gate voltage of the second node.

Abstract: A gate driver includes at least one stage including: a first transistor including a control electrode receiving a first clock signal, a first electrode receiving a previous stage gate signal, and a second electrode connected to a first node; a third transistor including a control electrode directly receiving the first clock signal, a first electrode receiving a first power voltage, and a second electrode connected to a third node; a fourth transistor including a control electrode connected to a second node, a first electrode receiving a second clock signal different from the first clock signal, and a second electrode connected to the third node; and a first capacitor including a first electrode connected to the second node and a second electrode connected to the third node, wherein the least one stage outputs a voltage of the third node as a gate signal.

Abstract: An embodiment of a display apparatus includes a scan driver, a pixel, a first scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, a second scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, and a third scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, wherein in operation: the pixel receives first, second, and third scan signals from the scan driver by way of the first, second, and third scan lines, respectively; the first and second scan signals produce a display period of a frame period in the pixel; and the third scan signal produces a black insertion period of the frame period in the pixel.

Abstract: An embodiment of a display apparatus includes a scan driver, a pixel, a first scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, a second scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, and a third scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, wherein in operation: the pixel receives first, second, and third scan signals from the scan driver by way of the first, second, and third scan lines, respectively; the first and second scan signals produce a display period of a frame period in the pixel; and the third scan signal produces a black insertion period of the frame period in the pixel.

Abstract: A gate driver includes a plurality of active stages and a plurality of dummy stages. The active stage is configured to output a plurality of gate signals to a display region. The dummy stage is c connected to respective active stages and configured to output a plurality of dummy carry signals to the respective active stages. The active stage is configured to output the plurality of gate signals and a plurality of active carry signals. The plurality of dummy stages are configured to output the plurality of dummy carry signals, respectively, and not to output any gate signal.

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a wafer includes a heater, a heating block on an upper surface of the heater, and a plurality of support protrusions protruding from an upper surface of the heating block, wherein the upper surface of the heating block has a curved shape with a concave central portion, and at least the support protrusion at the central portion of the heating block, among the plurality of support protrusions, is configured to be deformed in response to heating by the heater.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a pixel driving circuit to operate in a light emitting mode or a sensing mode and including a reference voltage line for receiving a reference voltage comprising a first reference voltage and a second reference voltage different from the first reference voltage and a light emitting diode including a first electrode, a light emitting element, and a second electrode. The light emitting diode has in an on-state or an off-state in the light emitting mode, the first reference voltage is applied to the reference voltage line in the light emitting mode, a first voltage is applied to the first electrode in the off-state, a second voltage is applied to the first electrode in the on-state, the sensing mode includes an initialization period and a sensing period, and the second reference voltage is applied to the reference voltage line in the initialization period.

Abstract: A display device includes a plurality of pixels connected to a plurality of first scan lines, a plurality of second scan lines, and a plurality of data lines, where the pixels are arranged in a plurality of rows, a plurality of first stages connected to the first scan lines, a plurality of second stages connected to the second scan lines, and a data driver connected to the data lines. Each of the first scan lines is connected to pixels arranged in a corresponding row among the rows. Each of the second scan lines is commonly connected to pixels arranged in corresponding 8h rows among the plurality of rows, where h is a natural number.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a pixel part including a plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels to receive a first scan signal and an emission signal; and a scan driver to output the first scan signal and the emission signal to each of the plurality of pixels. In a second driving mode in which the display apparatus is driven with a first driving frequency lower than a maximum driving frequency, the scan driver is to supply the first scan signal to the plurality of pixels according to the first driving frequency, and supply the emission signal to the plurality of pixels according to the maximum driving frequency.

Abstract: A gate driver includes active stages that output gate signals to a display part and pre-stages connected to the active stages to output carry signals to the active stages. The pre-stages include a first pre-stage and a second pre-stage. The second pre-stage includes a Q node compensator that receives a clock signal from the first pre-stage and compensates for a voltage of a Q node based on the clock signal of the first pre-stage. The Q node compensator includes a feedback transistor that diode-connects a feedback input terminal, which receives the clock signal of the first pre-stage, to a feedback node of the second pre-stage. The feedback transistor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, where the first electrode is connected to the feedback input terminal, the second electrode is connected to the first electrode, and the third electrode is connected to the feedback node.

Abstract: An embodiment of a display apparatus includes a scan driver, a pixel, a first scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, a second scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, and a third scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, wherein in operation: the pixel receives first, second, and third scan signals from the scan driver by way of the first, second, and third scan lines, respectively; the first and second scan signals produce a display period of a frame period in the pixel; and the third scan signal produces a black insertion period of the frame period in the pixel.

Abstract: A gate driver includes a plurality of active stages and a plurality of dummy stages. The active stage is configured to output a plurality of gate signals to a display region. The dummy stage is c connected to respective active stages and configured to output a plurality of dummy carry signals to the respective active stages. The active stage is configured to output the plurality of gate signals and a plurality of active carry signals. The plurality of dummy stages are configured to output the plurality of dummy carry signals, respectively, and not to output any gate signal.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a pixel part including a plurality of pixels, each of the plurality of pixels to receive a first scan signal and an emission signal; and a scan driver to output the first scan signal and the emission signal to each of the plurality of pixels. In a second driving mode in which the display apparatus is driven with a first driving frequency lower than a maximum driving frequency, the scan driver is to supply the first scan signal to the plurality of pixels according to the first driving frequency, and supply the emission signal to the plurality of pixels according to the maximum driving frequency.

Abstract: An embodiment of a display apparatus includes a scan driver, a pixel, a first scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, a second scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, and a third scan line electrically connecting the scan driver to the pixel, wherein in operation: the pixel receives first, second, and third scan signals from the scan driver by way of the first, second, and third scan lines, respectively; the first and second scan signals produce a display period of a frame period in the pixel; and the third scan signal produces a black insertion period of the frame period in the pixel.

Abstract: A gate driver includes a plurality of active stages and a plurality of dummy stages. The active stage is configured to output a plurality of gate signals to a display region. The dummy stage is c connected to respective active stages and configured to output a plurality of dummy carry signals to the respective active stages. The active stage is configured to output the plurality of gate signals and a plurality of active carry signals. The plurality of dummy stages are configured to output the plurality of dummy carry signals, respectively, and not to output any gate signal.

Abstract: A pixel includes a first transistor, a second transistor, a third transistor, a capacitor, and a light emitting diode. During a non-emission period of a low frequency mode, the third transistor electrically connects a first terminal of the light emitting diode to an initialization voltage line in response to a second scan signal. An initialization voltage transferred from the initialization voltage line has a first voltage level during a normal mode different from the low frequency mode, and has a second voltage level different from the first voltage level during the non-emission period of the low frequency mode.

Abstract: A display device includes a display panel including a pixel and a panel driver which drives the display panel at a first panel frequency in a first driving mode and drives the display panel at a second panel frequency in a second driving mode. The pixel includes a light emitting element and first, second, third, and fourth transistors. The first transistor is connected between a power line and the light emitting element. The second transistor is connected between a data line and the first transistor and receives a first scan signal. The third transistor is connected between the first transistor and an initialization voltage line and receives a second scan signal. The fourth transistor is connected between the first transistor and a reset voltage line and receives a third scan signal. The third scan signal is inactivated in the first driving mode and is activated in the second driving mode.

Abstract: A gate driver includes active stages that output gate signals to a display part and pre-stages connected to the active stages to output carry signals to the active stages. The pre-stages include a first pre-stage and a second pre-stage. The second pre-stage includes a Q node compensator that receives a clock signal from the first pre-stage and compensates for a voltage of a Q node based on the clock signal of the first pre-stage. The Q node compensator includes a feedback transistor that diode-connects a feedback input terminal, which receives the clock signal of the first pre-stage, to a feedback node of the second pre-stage. The feedback transistor includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a third electrode, where the first electrode is connected to the feedback input terminal, the second electrode is connected to the first electrode, and the third electrode is connected to the feedback node.