Abstract: A molding apparatus for patterning a workpiece includes a mold having a pattern to be transferred to the workpiece, with the pattern including recesses, a first support member for supporting the mold, and a second support member, arranged opposite to the first support member, for supporting the workpiece. A pressing mechanism brings the first and second support members close to each other and presses the mold and the workpiece together so as to transfer, to the workpiece, the pattern on the mold. Recessed portions are provided on at least one of a surface of the mold on the first support member side, a region of the first support member, and a region of the second support member. The recessed portions correspond to recesses in the pattern of the mold.

Abstract: A molding apparatus for patterning a workpiece includes a first support member for supporting the mold, a second support member arranged opposite to the first support member, and a pressing mechanism for pressing the mold and the work together using the support members to pattern the workpiece. In this structure, either the surface of the first support member for supporting the mold or the surface of the second support member for supporting the workpiece is smaller in area than both surfaces of the mold and the workpiece.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an envelope formed by first and second substrates disposed at a predetermined distance therebetween and an image forming member disposed in the envelope. A heat insulating member is disposed on a surface of the envelope in an area excepting partial surface areas of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light modulating apparatus comprising first and second two periodic structures each having a period smaller than the wavelength of light emitted from a light source, and a moving means for relatively moving the two periodic structures, wherein the surface of the first periodic structure is brought near to the surface of the second periodic structure to a space not longer than the wavelength to arrange them in a state opposed to each other, the light incident on the first periodic structure is converted into near-field light by the first periodic structure, the converted near-field light is transmitted through the second periodic structure and converted into propagation light by scattering the near-field light on the back surface of the second periodic structure, and the intensity of the propagation light is modulated by relatively moving the two periodic structures by the moving means.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a light modulating apparatus comprising first and second two periodic structures each having a period smaller than the wavelength of light emitted from a light source, and a moving means for relatively moving the two periodic structures, wherein the surface of the first periodic structure is brought near to the surface of the second periodic structure to a space not longer than the wavelength to arrange them in a state opposed to each other, the light incident on the first periodic structure is converted into near-field light by the first periodic structure, the converted near-field light is transmitted through the second periodic structure and converted into propagation light by scattering the near-field light on the back surface of the second periodic structure, and the intensity of the propagation light is modulated by relatively moving the two periodic structures by the moving means.

Abstract: A drive stage comprises a support body, a plurality of movable parts movably supported relative to the support body, and an actuator for driving the plurality of movable parts to move. The plurality of movable parts are driven by the actuator to move in directions selected to mutually offset the inertial forces generated in the respective movable parts. The drive stage is suitably used as incorporated into a scanning probe microscope or an information recording/reproducing apparatus for driving a probe or a mechanical stage supporting a specimen or a recording medium.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus having an envelope formed by first and second substrates disposed at a predetermined distance therebetween and image forming means disposed in the envelope, wherein a heat insulating member is disposed on a surface of the envelope in an area excepting partial surface areas of the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A tracking mechanism for an apparatus which records and/or reproduces data on and/or from a medium through a relative scan of the medium with probes, the medium being formed with a plurality of tracking bit trains disposed in parallel at a predetermined distance between trains, the tracking mechanism having: a plurality of probes disposed at a predetermined distance between probes; and a tracking controller for performing a tracking control in accordance with outputs from the plurality of probes, the outputs being obtained when the plurality of tracking bit trains are scanned with the plurality of probes. A tracking method for such an apparatus includes the steps of: scanning the plurality of tracking bit trains with a plurality of probes disposed at a predetermined distance between probes; and performing a tracking control in accordance with outputs from the plurality of probes, the outputs being obtained when the plurality of tracking bit trains are scanned with the plurality of probes.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for file operation comprise a file operation method which enters, prior to the file operation, processing methods for exceptional events which are expected to occur during the file operation, a file operation method which, at the occurrence of an exceptional event during a file operation, holds the file operation, saves information pertinent to the held file into a memory, and inquires the user of the processing method of the held file for the exceptional event, and a file operation method which displays a list of hierarchically organized files at multiple levels so that multiple files can be designated as objects of operations.

Abstract: A document creating apparatus for creating and editing a document in which a plurality of different types of descriptive element data, such as text data, graph data, pattern data, image data and other data, coexist. Plural types of edit sections are provided in correspondence with the types of data to be handled. Various types of data are edited under coordination by selecting edit sections corresponding to the types of data, respectively, while maintaining the editing function of the editing section once selected and activated so that the editing section can be selected again without losing its editing function.

Abstract: Oxetanocin derivatives represented by formula: ##STR1## wherein X represents H or ##STR2## or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof exhibit an anti-viral activity. Anti-viral compositions comprising the oxetanocin derivatives or their pharmacologically acceptable salts as the effective ingredient are also provided.

Abstract: An oxidized film is formed on the surface of Mg or an Mg alloy, and a thermosetting resin film is formed on the oxidized film. A conductive film is further formed on the thermosetting film. The surface film of the Mg or Mg alloy thus surface-treated has a strong adhesion to the Mg or Mg alloy. The surface-treated Mg or Mg alloy has an excellent corrosion resistance, an excellent heat shock resistance, and a high surface conductivity.

Abstract: The tangent .alpha. of the tangential line of an image to be drawn at each point in an orthogonal X-Y coordinate system is classified into two angle regions, a first angle region, where a condition -1.ltoreq..alpha.<1 is fulfilled, and a second angle region, where a condition .alpha.<-1 or 1.ltoreq..alpha. is fulfilled. The first and the second angle region is represented by the direction parallel to the X-axis and the direction parallel to the Y-axis, respectively. When the image to be drawn is displayed on a display screen, in the image to be drawn, the parts belonging to the first angle region are drawn with a plurality of segments, each of which is parallel to the X-axis, and the parts blonging to the second angle region are drawn with a plurality of segments, each of which is parallel to the Y-axis. That is, the image to be drawn is displayed on the display screen by using only segments parallel to the X-axis and those parallel to the Y-axis.

Abstract: A mold equipment comprises a water tub having a metal mold transfer conveyor therein, a first lift chamber for placing the metal mold onto a first lift from the outlet side of said conveyor and lifting it to an upper stage of the first lift chamber, a first push-in cylinder for transferring the metal mold from the outlet of the first lift chamber into a ceiling oven including a conveyor and held in an atmosphere of curing, a second lift chamber for placing said metal mold onto a second lift from the outlet of the ceiling oven and lowering it to a lower stage outlet, a second push-in cylinder for transferring the metal mold from the outlet of the second lift chamber into a mold release work station including a conveyor, a third lift chamber for placing the metal mold onto a third lift at the outlet of the mold release work station and lowering it to the position of the mold transfer conveyor in the water tub, and a third push-in cylinder for transferring the metal mold into the water tub from the outlet of sai