Abstract: A projector includes an image light generator configured to modulate light emitted from a light source to generate image light, a projection optical device configured to project the image light, a polarization switching element disposed at a light exit side of the image light generator and configured to switch a polarization state of the image light emitted from the image light generator, and a controller configured to control the polarization switching element. The controller controls the polarization switching element to switch the polarization state of the image light with a predetermined period.

Abstract: A projector includes a lamp unit, a color separation system that separates first light outputted from the lamp unit into a plurality of color beams, a plurality of liquid crystal panels that modulate the plurality of separated color beams from the color separation system, reduction optical systems that reduce at least one of pencils of light formed of the plurality of color beams modulated by the plurality of liquid crystal panels, a light combining prism that combines the plurality of reduced color beams with one another, and a projection lens that projects second light that is the combined light from the light combining prism. The reduction optical systems are disposed between the liquid crystal panels and the light combining prism, and the area of an effective display region of each of the liquid crystal panels is greater than an effective area of each light incident surface of the light combining prism.

Abstract: A projector includes an image light generator configured to modulate light emitted from a light source to generate image light, a projection optical device configured to project the image light, a polarization switching element disposed at a light exit side of the image light generator and configured to switch a polarization state of the image light emitted from the image light generator, and controller configured to control the polarization switching element. The controller controls the polarization switching element to switch the polarization state of the image light with a predetermined period.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate having a first surface and a plurality of recesses corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the plurality of recesses. The microlenses each have a refractive index different from a refractive index of the substrate, and each have a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. The light incident surface has a first curvature region and a second curvature region. The second curvature region surrounds the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis of one microlens and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the first curvature region. The light exiting surface includes a light collecting structure configured to converge the light incident via the light incident surface. The light collecting structure overlaps with part of the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate having a first surface and a plurality of recesses corresponding to a plurality of pixels, and a microlens array including a plurality of microlenses corresponding to the plurality of recesses. The microlenses each have a refractive index different from a refractive index of the substrate, and each have a light incident surface and a light exiting surface. The light incident surface has a first curvature region and a second curvature region. The second curvature region surrounds the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis of one microlens and has a curvature greater than the curvature of the first curvature region. The light exiting surface includes a light collecting structure configured to converge the light incident via the light incident surface. The light collecting structure overlaps with part of the first curvature region when viewed along the optical axis.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal apparatus, a second substrate is provided with an optical compensation layer having inclined surfaces at a first substrate side. A liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy. While no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, an angle between a long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and each of the inclined surfaces is set to an angle smaller than 90°.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal apparatus, a second substrate is provided with a base layer and an optical compensation layer. A surface of the base layer faces a first substrate and is provided with a plurality of first inclined surfaces. A surface of the optical compensation layer faces the first substrate and is provided with a plurality of second inclined surfaces having a shape reflected with a shape of the plurality of first inclined surfaces. The base layer is provided with boundary grooves between adjacent ones of the first inclined surfaces. The plurality of first inclined surfaces each have a high portion having a maximum height and a low portion having a minimum height when viewed from the second substrate. The high portion is provided with a second flat portion. Between the second flat portion and the low portion, an inclined portion having a height continuously changing is provided.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal apparatus, a second substrate is provided with an optical compensation layer having inclined surfaces at a first substrate side. A liquid crystal layer includes liquid crystal molecules having negative dielectric anisotropy. While no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal layer, an angle between a long axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules and each of the inclined surfaces is set to an angle smaller than 90°.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal apparatus, a second substrate is provided with a base layer and an optical compensation layer. A surface of the base layer faces a first substrate and is provided with a plurality of first inclined surfaces. A surface of the optical compensation layer faces the first substrate and is provided with a plurality of second inclined surfaces having a shape reflected with a shape of the plurality of first inclined surfaces. The base layer is provided with boundary grooves between adjacent ones of the first inclined surfaces. The plurality of first inclined surfaces each have a high portion having a maximum height and a low portion having a minimum height when viewed from the second substrate. The high portion is provided with a second flat portion. Between the second flat portion and the low portion, an inclined portion having a height continuously changing is provided.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate, a first microlens that is disposed on a face of the substrate, a first light-transmissive layer that is disposed to cover the first microlens, a second microlens that is disposed on the intermediate layer and is arranged to overlap with the first microlens in a planar view, and a second light-transmissive layer that is disposed to cover the second microlens. A first flat portion is disposed between the first microlenses that neighbor each other at a vertex. A second flat portion is disposed between the second microlenses that neighbor each other at a vertex. The first flat portion and the second flat portion are arranged in order for at least a part of the first flat portion and a part of the second flat portion to overlap with each other in a planar view.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate, a first microlens that is disposed on the substrate, and a second microlens that is disposed on the first microlens so as to be overlapped with the first microlens in a plan view, the second microlens is configured with a curved surface and includes a center portion and a peripheral portion that is disposed on the outer side of the center portion, and a curvature of the peripheral portion is larger than a curvature of the center portion.

Abstract: A substrate, a plurality of mirrors disposed on one surface of the substrate to be separated from the substrate, a mirror support post disposed between the substrate and the mirror and connected to a part of the mirror to support the mirror, a first electrode disposed between a first portion of the mirror and the substrate on the substrate, a second electrode disposed between the substrate and a second portion facing the first portion are included. The mirror includes a thin portion in which a thickness of at least a part of an end portion of a rear surface of the mirror is thinner than a thickness of a middle of the mirror.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes a substrate having a surface in which a concave portion is provided, a lens layer that is provided so as to fill the concave portion, and an optical path length adjustment layer that is provided so as to cover the lens layer. A flat portion is disposed in a central portion of the concave portion. A refractive index of the lens layer is higher than a refractive index of the substrate, and a refractive index of the optical path length adjustment layer is higher than a refractive index of the substrate and is equal to or lower than a refractive index of the lens layer.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes: a light transmitting substrate in which a first lens surface formed of a concave surface is formed on a substrate surface on one side; a first lens layer which covers the substrate surface on one side and has a refractive index which is different from that of the light transmitting substrate; a light transmitting layer which covers the first lens layer on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate; and a second lens layer which covers the light transmitting layer on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate and in which a second lens surface formed of a convex surface is formed on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate, in which the light transmitting layer has smaller refractive index and coefficient of thermal expansion than those of the first lens layer and the second lens layer.

Abstract: A fabricating method of a liquid crystal device includes a first step of forming light blocking portions in an element substrate, a second step of forming first and second microlenses in a counter substrate, and a third step of disposing the element substrate and the counter substrate so as to face each other, such that the openings and the first and second microlenses overlap each other in a planar view, and bonding the element substrate to the counter substrate such that a liquid crystal layer is interposed therebetween. In the third step, a center of the first microlens and a center of the second microlens are disposed in the same side in at least one direction of the X direction and the Y direction with respect to a center of gravity of the opening, in a planar view.

Abstract: An electro-optical device includes data lines, scanning lines, pixels including a first pixel, a second pixel, a third pixel, and a fourth pixel disposed to correspond to intersections of the data lines and scanning lines, and an image signal generation unit that generates a first image signal for the first pixel based on a first image data, a first amount data and a first correction data, a second image signal for the second pixel based on a second image data, a second amount data and the first correction data, a third image signal for the third pixel based on a third image data, a third amount data and a second correction data, and a fourth image signal for the fourth pixel based on a fourth image data, a fourth amount data and the second correction data.

Abstract: A signal processing device, on the basis of signals that control voltages to be applied to pixels, a boundary between a first pixel corresponding to a first signal that applies a first voltage and a second pixel adjacent to the first pixel and corresponding to a second signal that applies a second voltage different from the first voltage at least by a predetermined threshold. The first signal is corrected to a third signal that applies a third voltage higher than the first voltage, and the second signal is corrected to a fourth signal that applies a fourth voltage higher than the second voltage. The second voltage is higher than the first voltage, the fourth voltage is higher than the third voltage, and a potential difference between the first voltage and the third voltage is larger than a potential difference between the second voltage and the fourth voltage.

Abstract: A substrate, a plurality of mirrors disposed on one surface of the substrate to be separated from the substrate, a mirror support post disposed between the substrate and the mirror and connected to a part of the mirror to support the mirror, a first electrode disposed between a first portion of the mirror and the substrate on the substrate, a second electrode disposed between the substrate and a second portion facing the first portion are included. The mirror includes a thin portion in which a thickness of at least a part of an end portion of a rear surface of the mirror is thinner than a thickness of a middle of the mirror.

Abstract: Vertical cross-talk is reduced. A correction circuit includes a correction amount calculation unit that calculates a correction amount on the basis of input image data Din and that generates correction amount data U; a correction coefficient generation unit that generates correction coefficient data C which represents a correction coefficient decided upon in accordance with a position in a horizontal scanning direction of a data line to which input image data Din to be corrected is supplied; and a correction unit that corrects the input image data Din on the basis of the correction amount data U and the correction coefficient data C and thereby generates correction image data Dh.

Abstract: A microlens array substrate includes: a light transmitting substrate in which a first lens surface formed of a concave surface is formed on a substrate surface on one side; a first lens layer which covers the substrate surface on one side and has a refractive index which is different from that of the light transmitting substrate; a light transmitting layer which covers the first lens layer on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate; and a second lens layer which covers the light transmitting layer on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate and in which a second lens surface formed of a convex surface is formed on the opposite side to the light transmitting substrate, in which the light transmitting layer has smaller refractive index and coefficient of thermal expansion than those of the first lens layer and the second lens layer.