Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first surface on which light is incident and a second surface opposite to the first surface, unit pixels in the substrate, each including a photoelectric conversion layer, color filters on the first surface of the substrate, a grid pattern on the first surface of the substrate defining a respective light receiving area of each of the unit pixels, and microlenses on the color filters, each of the microlenses corresponding to a respective one of the unit pixels, wherein the unit pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel sharing a first color filter which is one of the color filters, and a first light receiving area of the first pixel is different from a second light receiving area of the second pixel.

Abstract: A method for ameliorating or treating Parkinson's disease includes administering a composition including an osmotin protein as effective component to a subject in need thereof. The composition has the effects of alleviating behavior and motor skill deficits induced by MPTP/?-synuclein, protecting dopaminergic neurons, regulating the expression level of neuroinflammation-related proteins, inhibiting apoptotic cell death induced by MPTP/?-synuclein, alleviating cell damage caused by overexpression of ?-synuclein (A53T), reducing the accumulation of ?-synuclein caused by activation of AMPK and subsequent autophagy, regulating the dendritic complex structure, increasing the spine density in pyramidal neurons, alleviating the cognitive deficits, and restoring the expression of synaptic markers. The osmotin protein can be advantageously used for a functional health food or a pharmaceutical product for preventing, ameliorating, or treating Parkinson's disease.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: Proposed is a road slope estimation method for a vehicle. The method includes: calculating, by a controller, a basic slope based on an output value of an acceleration sensor of the vehicle; calculating, by the controller, an acceleration/deceleration correction value from an acceleration/deceleration correction map; and calculating, by the controller, a turning correction value from a turning correction map. The method further includes: calculating, by the controller, a final slope based on the basic slope, the acceleration/deceleration correction value, and the turning correction value; and controlling the vehicle based on the final slope.

Abstract: An image sensor includes a substrate including a first surface on which light is incident and a second surface opposite to the first surface, unit pixels in the substrate, each including a photoelectric conversion layer, color filters on the first surface of the substrate, a grid pattern on the first surface of the substrate defining a respective light receiving area of each of the unit pixels, and microlenses on the color filters, each of the microlenses corresponding to a respective one of the unit pixels, wherein the unit pixels include a first pixel and a second pixel sharing a first color filter which is one of the color filters, and a first light receiving area of the first pixel is different from a second light receiving area of the second pixel.

Abstract: An image sensor that provides a uniform sensitivity for pixels having color filters of the same color to increase the image quality is provided. The image sensor includes a substrate, a first grid pattern disposed on the substrate and including a first side wall and a second side wall opposite to the first side wall, a first pixel including a first photoelectric conversion element and a first color filter, and a second pixel including a second photoelectric conversion element and a second color filter. The first color filter contacts the first side wall and the second color filter contacts the second side wall. The first color filter and the second color filter are color filters of same color, and a first thickness of the first color filter is greater than a second thickness of the second color filter.

Abstract: An image sensor in which a shading phenomenon is decreased and the quality is increased includes a substrate comprising a first face on which light is incident, and a second face opposite to the first face and a plurality of unit pixels. Each of the plurality of unit pixels includes a photoelectric conversion layer in the substrate. The image sensor further includes a pixel separation pattern which separates unit pixels from the plurality of the unit pixels from each other, a plurality of color filters disposed on the first face of the substrate and arranged in a Bayer pattern, and a grid pattern disposed on the first face of the substrate and interposed within the plurality of color filters. A light-receiving area of the red color filter and a light-receiving area of the blue color filter are smaller than a light-receiving area of the green color filter.

Abstract: An image sensor in which a shading phenomenon is decreased and the quality is increased is provided. The image sensor includes a light-receiving region including a plurality of unit pixels. The image sensor further includes a first region with unit pixels adjacent to a center of the light-receiving region, and a second region with the unit pixels spaced apart from the center of the light-receiving region. In both regions, a plurality of color filters corresponding to the plurality of unit pixels is disposed on a first face of the substrate, as well as a grid pattern interposed between the plurality of color filters defining boundaries between the unit pixels. A width of the grid pattern in the second region is greater than a width of the grid pattern in the first region, thereby adjusting light receiving areas near the edge of the image sensor to correct for a shading phenomenon.

Abstract: A caching sub-system downloads and authenticates Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) cryptographically signed Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) from a plurality of repositories, forming a VRP set for each repository. When the caching sub-system determines that the VRP count of a VRP set drops to or below a threshold, it substitutes in a last known valid VRP set. A route validating sub-system downloads route information data from one or more global routing tables and calculates the number of valid routes, the number of unknown routes and the number of invalid routes. When the number of valid routes drops to or below a threshold, the route validating sub-system sets an alarm to stop the distribution of VRPs to one or more group of pre-determined routers.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: In some example embodiments, a back side illumination (BSI) image sensor may include a pixel configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident on a back side of a substrate. In some example embodiments, the pixel includes, a photodiode, a device isolation film adjacent to the photodiode, a dark current suppression layer above the photodiode, a light shield grid above the photodiode and including an opening area of 1 to 15% of an area of the pixel, a light shielding filter layer above the light shield grid, a planarization layer above the light shielding filter layer, a lens above the planarization layer, and/or an anti-reflective film between the photodiode and the lens.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine and a transmission of a vehicle, which is a hybrid vehicle, includes the following steps that are carried out by a controller: determining whether the vehicle is under NCC (Neutral Coasting Control), determining whether an engine RPM reaches an engine RPM control point if it is determined that the NCC is in effect, determining an RPM and a gear stage of a vehicle transmission if it is determined that the engine RPM has reached the engine RPM control point, determining an engine target RPM of the vehicle, determining whether the engine RPM has reached a mild hybrid starter & generator (MHSG) control point, and controlling the MHSG according to a condition if it is determined that the engine RPM has reached the MHSG control point.

Abstract: Proposed is a road slope estimation method for a vehicle. The method includes: calculating, by a controller, a basic slope based on an output value of an acceleration sensor of the vehicle; calculating, by the controller, an acceleration/deceleration correction value from an acceleration/deceleration correction map; and calculating, by the controller, a turning correction value from a turning correction map. The method further includes: calculating, by the controller, a final slope based on the basic slope, the acceleration/deceleration correction value, and the turning correction value; and controlling the vehicle based on the final slope.

Abstract: A method for calculating running resistance of a vehicle includes: calculating, by a controller, an integrated value obtained by integrating a torque of a driving source of the vehicle before the vehicle reaches a reference speed after the vehicle starts; and calculating, by the controller, the running resistance of the vehicle including rolling resistance based on the integrated value of the torque of the driving source.

Abstract: An airbag device of a vehicle and a control method thereof. The airbag device of a vehicle includes a detection unit configured to detect collision information of a vehicle and seating state information of an occupant, an airbag unit including a plurality of airbag modules, each of the airbag modules being configured to be inflated from a contracted state as working gas is supplied and to be restored to the contracted state as the working gas is discharged, a valve unit configured to regulate the working gas supplied to the airbag unit, and a control unit configured to determine a hitting position based on the collision information and the seating state information, and to control the valve unit to supply the working gas to a target airbag module installed at the hitting position, thereby inflating the target airbag module.

Abstract: An apparatus for purifying exhaust gas includes an engine for producing power by burning a mixture of air and fuel, and discharging exhaust gas generated in a combustion process to the outside through an exhaust pipe; a first three-way catalyst (TWC) and a second three-way catalyst which are sequentially mounted on the exhaust pipe at a rear end of the engine, and convert noxious gas including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxide (NOx) contained in the exhaust gas into harmless components through an oxidation-reduction reaction; and an electrically heated catalyst (EHC) mounted between the first three-way catalyst and the second three-way catalyst and heated by application of electric power to transfer heat to the first three-way catalyst and the second three-way catalyst to cause the first three-way catalyst and the second three-way catalyst to reach a catalyst activation temperature.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine and a transmission of a vehicle includes: determining, by a controller, whether the engine is restarted after releasing the vehicle's SSC (Start & Stop coasting) or whether the vehicle is accelerating during NCC (Neutral Coasting control), determining an RPM and gear stage of the transmission if it is determined that the engine is restarted after releasing the vehicle's SSC or the vehicle is accelerating during NCC, determining a mild hybrid starter and generator (MHSG) target RPM and an MHSG target RPM gradient of the vehicle, performing, by the controller, MHSG RPM control of the vehicle to follow the MHSG target RPM and the MHSG target RPM gradient, determining whether the MHSG RPM slips compared to the MHSG target RPM, and performing proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control to follow the MHSG target RPM if the MHSG RPM slips compared to the MHSG target RPM.

Abstract: A jeans manufacturing method is proposed. The jeans manufacturing method includes: preparing a fabric for manufacturing jeans; patterning in which a boundary line of each part constituting the jeans is drawn; cutting the fabric along patterns drawn in the patterning; sewing a plurality of fabrics cut along the patterns in the cutting to form a shape of the jeans; and mounting buttons and a zipper to the jeans formed through the sewing.

Abstract: A method of controlling an engine and a transmission of a hybrid vehicle includes steps of: determining whether the vehicle starts, determining an engine RPM and a gear stage of a transmission if the vehicle has started, determining whether the engine RPM has reached an engine speed control point, determining an engine target RPM and an engine target RPM slope of the vehicle when it is determined that the engine RPM has reached the engine speed control point, controlling the engine RPM of the vehicle to follow the engine target RPM and the engine target RPM slope, determining whether the engine RPM has slipped compared to the target engine RPM, and performing PID control to follow the engine target RPM if the engine RPM slips compared to the engine target RPM.

Abstract: An apparatus for adjusting a height of a vehicle including a vehicle height adjustment unit configured to adjust a height of the vehicle; a hydraulic pressure supply unit configured to supply a hydraulic pressure supplied to a caliper from a braking device for braking of the vehicle to the vehicle height adjustment unit; and a control unit configured to control a hydraulic pressure supplied to the vehicle height adjustment unit from the braking device, by controlling the hydraulic pressure supply unit depending on whether a predetermined vehicle height adjustment condition is satisfied.