Abstract: Leather is finished with a synthetic carboxylated rubber dispersion to which as much as 50% by weight of one or more oxides and/or hydroxides of divalent and/or trivalent metals may have been added, finishing being carried out by a process in which the carboxylated rubber dispersion is prepared by the emulsion feed method, with a conversion of more than 90%, in such a way that it contains from 20 to 60% by weight of carboxylated rubber which is soluble in dimethylformamide at room temperature.

Abstract: To provide a suitable number of display fields (e.g. ARRIVAL; TIME; etc.), each of which characterizes and identifies the significance or import or meaning of a displayed numerical value on a display device (16), the display fields are associated in groups or sets (11-15; 42-45) having a particular geometric position (columns; segmental), and a plurality of keys (21-25) are provided with each key being associated with a group or set of the display fields, and connected to a counter (61) to select a particular one of the display fields within the group or set by the number of key operations, the numerical value associated with the display field then being displayed on the numerical display (16).

Abstract: A method for determining adjustment values for a fuel supply device which supplies a fuel mixture to a fuel-burning engine for optimum performance by additionally influencing the preset adjustment values of the fuel supply device itself from values supplied by a storage means containing an engine performance log of adjustment values whereby said performance adjustment values are continuously changed and replaced by values which reflect instantaneous operating engine characteristics. Each replaced value forms the basis for computing a new value upon a change in engine operating characteristics.

Abstract: A valve arrangement for injecting a gas into a polyvinyl chloride fluid suspension, through an inlet port in the bottom of the suspension tank. The valve includes an overhanging upper disk with a hollow foraminated cylinder, so that the gas exits the cylinder under pressure through the foraminations, thus keeping the operating portion of the valve free of the suspension, with the valve disk overhang providing additional protection against intrusion of suspension material into the clearance space between the valve cylinder and surrounding injection tube. The valve disk overhang terminates in a pointed ridge which engages the top of the injection tube to form a seal.

Abstract: A dust-collecting electrostatic precipitator has a housing, the top of which is adapted to form a pressure-relief opening and is closed by a sealing membrane divided by a plurality of intentional tear lines into zones which can be blown upwardly and back to relieve pressure within the housing. The membrane is covered, in turn, by a rain-shielding roof spaced above the sealing top and having a portion forming an elastic cover which is only loosely held against internal pressure.

Abstract: In the operation of an internal combustion engine, certain operating parameters, for example the length of fuel injection pulses, the ignition timing and the exhaust gas recycle rate can be adjusted on the basis of information related to state variables of the engine, for example the engine speed, the induction tube pressure, the air flow rate and the like. In particular, the injection pulse length may be determined from data stored in a memory and addressed by a pair of numbers related to the instantaneous values of engine speed and air flow rate. This type of open loop control is rapid and may be very exact but does not account for long-range changes in engine behavior due to wear, etc. For this reason, additional circuitry senses a further state variable, for example, the oxygen content of the exhaust gas or the engine roughness, and uses this information in a feedback loop to generate a correction signal which is then applied in a rate multiplier to the basic fuel injection datum.

Abstract: Certain intervals are determined in which output signals from an exhaust gas sensing device are sensed, and then applied to a control circuit, to control the fuel supply system (carburetor, or fuel injection system) in such a direction that a predetermined ratio of fuel and air is being supplied to the engine to provide exhaust gases of predetermined composition. The intervals are determined by a logic circuit which has applied thereto engine operating parameters such as operating time of the engine after having been started, engine speed, engine power condition (idling, or supplying power), engine temperature, or the like.

Abstract: An oscillator is connected to a backward counter to set the backward counter to a count number representative of its frequency of oscillation, the backward counter being stepped down by clock pulses recurring at a frequency high with respect to the cycling rate of the oscillator until it reaches a reference value, for example zero. The difference between the reference value and the count state of the counter when a predetermined counting period has elapsed, as determined by the duration of one cycle of the input signal, forms an error signal which is transmitted over a bi-directional counter to an integrator which, in turn, controls the oscillator. The system is particularly applicable for use in connection with vehicle wheel brake anti-lock arrangements, and permits determination of wheel speed by oscillation of the oscillator as well as acceleration and deceleration by sensing the error signal.

Abstract: Burrs are removed from workpieces by cold embrittlement in an axisymmetrical container having a rotatable bottom with stationary sides and with the liquefied gas being supplied along the axis of rotation of the bottom. The rotational axis is inclined 5.degree. to 25.degree. with respect to the vertical and the bottom wall is conical with a cone angle of 130.degree.-170.degree..

Abstract: An internal combustion engine which is provided with an exhaust gas treatment system, such as thermal or catalytic reactors, includes a primary regulating system for admitting fresh air to the exhaust system for the chemical processes taking place in the reactors. This fresh air regulation depends on the engine rpm and on the induction tube pressure. There is also provided a secondary air control system, including a three-way valve and an electronic controller and an oxygen probe, located in the exhaust manifold. The probe supplies the controller with a signal related to the oxygen concentration in the exhaust gas and the controller uses this signal to actuate the three-way valve which admits either induction tube pressure or, alternatively, exhaust system pressure, to a control chamber in the primary regulating system, thereby influencing the quantity of fresh air supplied to the exhaust manifold of the engine.

Abstract: A sensing means is provided to monitor combustion of fuel and air supplied to an internal combustion engine, for example by sensing ignition pulses, combustion pressure, or cylinder temperature. Signals, as sensed, are evaluated and if one of these signals is beyond a certain threshold (e.g. extreme with respect to a set value, or with respect to an average of all signals) as sensed by threshold switches, supply of the combustible fuel-air mixture to the specific cylinder is interrupted.

Abstract: A method of producing hollow articles of plastic material by blow molding is characterized by blowing compressed air into the preform at the beginning of the admission phase to intensify the inflation operation and its admission is interrupted before the final blow pressure is reached.

Abstract: A mobile seismic energy source is formed by an automotive vehicle equipped with a vibrator type seismic energy source, a lifting mechanism, means for generating fluid pressure, and control means. Frame means pivotably linked to the vehicle chassis are provided for supporting the vibrator which is lowered into operational position and raised therefrom by the lifting mechanism acting between the vehicle chassis and linking arms of the frame means.

Abstract: To supervise operational effectiveness of catalytic reactors included in exhaust emission detoxification systems, an oxygen sensor is located downstream of the reactor to determine oxygen content in the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, the oxygen sensor comprising an ion conductive solid electrolyte forming an ion concentration chain and having catalytically inactive contacts, connected to a detection circuit which provides an output signal in dependence on a signal from the sensor, the output signal operating an alarm, or a transducer which interferes with proper engine operation to force the operator to have the reactor repaired. Preferably, two ion conductive chains are used, in a single sensor, or in two sensors, one being exposed to exhaust gases upstream of the catalytic reactor and the other downstream of the catalytic reactor, the output signals being provided to a differentially connected operational amplifier, to balance out extraneous influences.

Abstract: The inlet and outlet ends of a catalytic reactor are instrumented with oxygen sensors. A change of the fuel-air concentration of the combustible mixture is indicated by a jump in the output voltage of the sensors; the voltage of the inlet sensor changes before that of the outlet sensor and the greater the time difference between these changes, the higher is the catalytic activity of the reactor. When a repeatable and constant engine condition is reached, the fuel-air mixture is abruptly changed and an electronic circuit enables a logical circuit which controls a signal lamp. If, during a predetermined time interval, the outlet sensor also changes its output voltage, indicating a time difference which is too short, the warning signal is energized and the operator is alerted to the insufficient level of reactor activity.

Abstract: To supervise operational effectiveness of catalytic reactors included in exhaust emission detoxification systems, an oxygen sensor is located downstream of the reactor to determine oxygen content in the exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine, the oxygen sensor comprising an ion conductive solid electrolyte forming an ion concentration chain and having catalytically inactive contacts, connected to a detection circuit which provides an output signal in dependence on a signal from the sensor, the output signal operating an alarm, or a transducer which interferes with proper engine operation to force the operator to have the reactor repaired. Preferably, two ion conductive chains are used, in a single sensor, or in two sensors, one being exposed to exhaust gases upstream of the catalytic reactor and the other downstream of the catalytic reactor, the output signals being provided to a differentially connected operational amplifier, to balance out extraneous influences.

Abstract: A device is described for reducing the granulation during the transmission of optical information with a highly coherent radiation beam. The device includes a first objective system, a radiation-diffusing element disposed in the image plane thereof, a second objective system and a radiation refracting element of a medium whose refractive property is variable under the influence of an ultrasonic wave.

Abstract: An aerostatic bearing for the shaft of a spinning turbine of an open end spinning unit. The shaft is located in a cylindrically hollow housing to which gas under pressure is supplied to form a radial aerostatic bearing about the shaft. A permeable supporting sleeve is preferably interposed between the housing and the shaft. The shaft is provided with a radial duct and an axial bore opening only toward the rear end of the shaft. A supporting surface is fixed opposite the rear end of the shaft and is spaced therefrom so that the exhausting gaseous media impinges thereon and forms an axial bearing. Preferably, means are provided for resiliently biasing the shaft toward the supporting surface against the action of the axial aerostatic bearing. Such means are preferably magnetic.

Abstract: Clock pulses are multiplied by a ratio less than 1 of which the numerator is controlled by a reversible counter. The multiplier output pulses initiate new countdown cycles of a second counter beginning with the clock pulse following the onset of an input frequency pulse and ending with the clock pulse following the onset of the next input frequency pulse. The state of the count at the end of the cycle determines whether the reversible counter will be left unchanged, advanced, or counted back and hence, whether the multiplier output frequency will be left unchanged, increased or reduced. The initial countdown value of the second counter is provided by a long term store which determines the frequency multiplication ratio. The circuit is usable to multiply a variable input frequency in a vehicle brake anti-lock system.