Abstract: Process for the preparation of 5-alkylpyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic esters by reaction of 2-oxosuccinic esters with 2-alkylacrolein oximes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of amines by reaction of olefins with carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and a primary and/or secondary amine in the presence of rhodium and arylphosphines dissolved in water. Alkali metal salts, ammonium salts, and/or quaternary ammonium salts of sulfonated arylphosphines are used as the water-soluble arylphosphines.

Abstract: To prepare a mixture of oil-soluble iron and magnesium salts of saturated aliphatic C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 monocarboxylic acids, magnesium oxide is reacted with a C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 monocarboxylic acid in a solution of an iron salt of a saturated C.sub.6 to C.sub.8 monocarboxylic acid. The mixture is used as a combustion auxiliary.

Abstract: A method of preparation of a cobalt catalyst particularly adapted for hydrogenation of nitriles, the catalyst which is the product of the method, and the method of use thereof.

Abstract: A process for recovering rhodium from an aqueous solution containing its complex compounds and optionally complex ligands in the presence of a water-soluble salt of a carboxylic acid by treatment of the aqueous solution at 20.degree. to 120.degree. C. with hydrogen peroxide (or a substance forming hydrogen peroxide) and with oxygen (or an oxygen-containing gas). The rhodium is then removed as a water-insoluble compound.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-methylbutyric acid from 4-chlorobenzaldehyde by conversion of the benzaldehyde to 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropenal, 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropanol, 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylpropene-1, and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methylbutyraldehyde, and finally to the desired corresponding butyric acid.

Abstract: A process for the separation of 2-methylalkanals from a mixture thereof with at least one alpha unbranched aldehyde thereof comprising distillation of said mixture in the presence of formaldehyde and an aldolization catalyst whereby the alpha unbranched aldehydes are converted to alpha alkylacrolein and the 2-methylalkanals are recovered in a high purity.

Abstract: The object of this invention is the preparation of .alpha.,.omega.-diamines from .alpha., .omega.-dialdehydes in a method which comprises the reaction of a starting mixture of said dialdehyde, a primary amine, and water to form a reaction mixture, followed by treatment of said reaction mixture with excess ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst to produce a final mixture.

Abstract: Copper is separated from aqueous basic solutions by extraction with 3-hydroxy-2-alkylalkanaloxime or 2-hydroxymethyl-2-alkylalkanaloxime solution.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of tertiary N,N-dimethylamines by the reaction of primary amines, formaldehyde, and hydrogen under pressure and at elevated temperature in the presence of a nickel-containing hydrogenation catalyst in the liquid phase. The hydrogenation catalyst is suspended in a solvent, the nickel concentration is 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the primary amine. The starting materials are separate from each other, brought to 80.degree. to 150.degree. C. and 1 to 15 MPa and fed into the catalyst suspension simultaneously with stirring and reacted in one step to form the tertiary N,N-dimethylamines.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methylamines by the reaction of amines, formaldehyde and hydrogen as starting materials on a fixed-bed catalyst in the liquid phase under pressure and preferably at elevated temperature. The starting materials contain a reduced percentage of water. They are heated to a predetermined temperature apart from each other, and then mixed with each other in the presence of the fixed-bed catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of 2-methylbutanal from mixtures of isomeric aldehydes having 5 carbon atoms wherein the mixture is distilled in the presence of formaldehyde and an aldolization catalyst. The 2-methylbutanal obtained is useful as an intermediate for the preparation of various useful compounds, including the corresponding alcohol, amine, and acid.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 2,2'-oxybis[N,N-dimethylethanamine] by reaction of 2,2'oxybisethanamine, hydrogen and formaldehyde having a reduced percentage of water on conventional fixed-bed hydrogenation catalysts. The reactants, especially the amine and formaldehyde, are heated to a predetermined temperature separate from each other, and then mixed with each other in the presence of the fixed-bed catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ignition switch arrangement for an internal combustion engine having electrical ignition. Engines for handheld portable tools are for the most part equipped with magneto ignition and are switched by short circuiting the ignition coil for bringing the engine to standstill. The ignition switch arrangement of the invention includes an ignition switching unit which is switchable between an ignition-enabling position wherein the ignition is operative and an ignition-disabling position wherein the ignition is inoperative. According to the invention, a latching actuator having a latch latches the ignition switch unit in the ignition-disabling position when the latching actuator is in its latching position when the ignition switch unit is switched into the ignition-disabling position while the engine is running. The latch releases automatically when the engine coasts to standstill so that the ignition is automatically enabled for the next starting operation.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of methyl carboxylates by the reaction of mono or dicarboxylic acids having more than 5 carbon atoms and methanol in the presence of acidic catalysts at temperatures from 100.degree. to 150.degree. C. and below the boiling point of the carboxylates being produced.

Abstract: An optical electronic method for the measuring of a workpiece is disclosed. A beam of radiation is used to illuminate an edge of the object to be measured to form an actual diffraction pattern. The actual diffraction pattern is converted to electronic signals by means of a sensor and correlated electronically with a predetermined theoretically calculated diffraction pattern.

Abstract: An automatic starting arrangement for a hand-started internal combustion engine is disclosed. Internal combustion engines of this type have a choke flap and a throttle flap positioned one behind the other in the air-intake channel. In order to ensure a reliable starting of the engine independently of manual positioning activities, the invention provides that in the starting operation, the choke flap initially moves independently of the throttle flap. The throttle flap is held in a half-throttle position between the full-throttle position and the idle position. Before the choke flap is brought into its at-rest no-choke position, a movable holding mechanism is actuated and the throttle flap is released.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of nonadecanediols by the hydroformylation of oleyl alcohol. Rhodium and salts of sulfonated or carboxylated triarylphosphines, which are soluble in organic media and insoluble in water, are used as hydroformylation catalysts. The hydroformylation product is then treated with a diluted solution of a base dissolved in water, the aqueous phase separated and the hydroformylation product treated with hydrogen at elevated temperature in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an ignition arrangement for an internal combustion engine of a handheld portable tool such as a chain saw or the like. The engine has a crankshaft and a fan wheel is seated on the crankshaft for rotation therewith. The ignition arrangement includes a permanent magnet. The magnet has two pole shoes and an exciter coil is mounted on the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet equipped in this way is fixedly mounted on the tool to save weight. A relatively light self-supporting annular member with projections is mounted in the fan wheel. The projections of the annular member and the permanent magnet with its pole shoes conjointly define a magnetic circuit. As the projections pass the pole shoes at a minimal spacing therefrom during operation of the engine, the projections alternately open and close the magnetic circuit thereby causing changes in the flux of this circuit.

Abstract: A two-stroke engine is disclosed which is controlled by a carburetor throttle valve and has a crankcase subjected to continuously alternating overpressure and underpressure. A pneumatic control member responsive to a signal dependent on the rotational speed of the engine is in pressure communication with the inner chamber of the crankcase via a valve. The output member of the pneumatic control member is connected with the throttle flap of the carburetor. The valve provided between the crankcase and the pneumatic control member is responsive to a signal for controlling the pressure in the pneumatic control member. This valve can be configured as a resonance control valve fixedly mounted to the housing of the engine.