Patents by Inventor Kailash Gopalakrishnan
Kailash Gopalakrishnan has filed for patents to protect the following inventions. This listing includes patent applications that are pending as well as patents that have already been granted by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO).
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Patent number: 9472641Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: GrantFiled: April 11, 2015Date of Patent: October 18, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 9430240Abstract: Embodiments relate to pre-computation slice (p-slice) merging for prefetching in a computer processor. An aspect includes determining a plurality of p-slices corresponding to a delinquent instruction. Another aspect includes selecting a first p-slice and a second p-slice of the plurality of p-slices. Another aspect includes traversing the first p-slice and the second p-slice to determine that divergent instructions exist between the first p-slice and the second p-slice. Another aspect includes, based on determining that divergent instructions exist between the first p-slice and the second p-slice, determining whether the first p-slice and the second p-slice converge after the divergent instructions. Another aspect includes, based on determining that the first p-slice and the second p-slice converge after the divergent instructions, merging the first p-slice and the second p-slice into a single merged p-slice.Type: GrantFiled: December 10, 2015Date of Patent: August 30, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Islam Atta, Ioana M. Baldini Soares, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan
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Publication number: 20160197294Abstract: An apparatus with a programmable response includes a semiconductor device with a junction formed thereon, the junction having a built-in potential, a quantum well element proximate to the junction that provides an energy well within a depletion region of the junction. The energy well comprises one or more donor energy states that support electron trapping, and/or one or more acceptor energy states that support hole trapping; thereby modulating the built-in potential of the junction. The semiconductor device may be a diode, a bipolar diode, a transistor, or the like. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 16, 2016Publication date: July 7, 2016Inventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari, Young H. Kwark
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Publication number: 20160197296Abstract: An apparatus with a programmable response includes a semiconductor device with a junction formed thereon, the junction having a built-in potential, a quantum well element proximate to the junction that provides an energy well within a depletion region of the junction. The energy well comprises one or more donor energy states that support electron trapping, and/or one or more acceptor energy states that support hole trapping; thereby modulating the built-in potential of the junction. The semiconductor device may be a diode, a bipolar diode, a transistor, or the like. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 15, 2016Publication date: July 7, 2016Inventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari, Young H. Kwark
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Patent number: 9379340Abstract: An apparatus with a programmable response includes a semiconductor device with a junction formed thereon, the junction having a built-in potential, a quantum well element proximate to the junction that provides an energy well within a depletion region of the junction. The energy well comprises one or more donor energy states that support electron trapping, and/or one or more acceptor energy states that support hole trapping; thereby modulating the built-in potential of the junction. The semiconductor device may be a diode, a bipolar diode, a transistor, or the like. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: February 16, 2016Date of Patent: June 28, 2016Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari, Young H. Kwark
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Patent number: 9379342Abstract: An apparatus with a programmable response includes a semiconductor device with a junction formed thereon, the junction having a built-in potential, a quantum well element proximate to the junction that provides an energy well within a depletion region of the junction. The energy well comprises one or more donor energy states that support electron trapping, and/or one or more acceptor energy states that support hole trapping; thereby modulating the built-in potential of the junction. The semiconductor device may be a diode, a bipolar diode, a transistor, or the like. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: February 15, 2016Date of Patent: June 28, 2016Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari, Young H. Kwark
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Patent number: 9318572Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: GrantFiled: September 5, 2015Date of Patent: April 19, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 9318717Abstract: An apparatus with a programmable response includes a semi-conductor device with a junction formed thereon, the junction having a built-in potential, a quantum well element proximate to the junction that provides an energy well within a depletion region of the junction. The energy well comprises one or more donor energy states that support electron trapping, and/or one or more acceptor energy states that support hole trapping; thereby modulating the built-in potential of the junction. The semi-conductor device may be a diode, a bipolar diode, a transistor, or the like. A corresponding method is also disclosed herein.Type: GrantFiled: January 5, 2015Date of Patent: April 19, 2016Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari, Young H. Kwark
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Patent number: 9305650Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and to a channel region through a tunneling dielectric layer. The charge storage region includes a floating gate charged by tunneled carriers from the channel region. Charge retention is facilitated by the band offset between the charge storage region and the tunneling dielectric layer.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2014Date of Patent: April 5, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 9246113Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and directly contacting a channel region. The charge storage region contains quantum structures, deep traps or combinations thereof and is charged by carriers injected from injection regions that are in direct contact with the charge storage region. Fabrication of the device at low temperatures compatible with back-end-of-line processing is further disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2014Date of Patent: January 26, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Kevin K. Chan, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Wilfried Ernst-August Haensch, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 9245896Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and to a channel region through another dielectric layer. The charge storage region is charged by carriers injected from injection regions that are in direct contact with the charge storage region. Fabrication of the device at low temperatures compatible with back-end-of-line processing is further disclosed.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2014Date of Patent: January 26, 2016Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Wilfried Ernst-August Haensch, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150380517Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: September 5, 2015Publication date: December 31, 2015Inventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 9147615Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: GrantFiled: February 14, 2014Date of Patent: September 29, 2015Assignee: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATIONInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150236285Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 11, 2015Publication date: August 20, 2015Inventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150236027Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and to a channel region through a tunneling dielectric layer. The charge storage region includes a floating gate charged by tunneled carriers from the channel region. Charge retention is facilitated by the band offset between the charge storage region and the tunneling dielectric layer.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 14, 2014Publication date: August 20, 2015Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150236029Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and to a channel region through another dielectric layer. The charge storage region is charged by carriers injected from injection regions that are in direct contact with the charge storage region. Fabrication of the device at low temperatures compatible with back-end-of-line processing is further disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 14, 2014Publication date: August 20, 2015Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Wilfried Ernst-August Haensch, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150236283Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 14, 2014Publication date: August 20, 2015Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150235123Abstract: Device architectures based on trapping and de-trapping holes or electrons and/or recombination of both types of carriers are obtained by carrier trapping either in near-interface deep ambipolar states or in quantum wells/dots, either serving as ambipolar traps in semiconductor layers or in gate dielectric/barrier layers. In either case, the potential barrier for trapping is small and retention is provided by carrier confinement in the deep trap states and/or quantum wells/dots. The device architectures are usable as three terminal or two terminal devices.Type: ApplicationFiled: April 11, 2015Publication date: August 20, 2015Inventors: Ali Afzali-Ardakani, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Publication number: 20150236284Abstract: A dense binary memory switch device combines the function of a pass transistor and a memory cell and has low programming and operation voltages. The device includes a charge storage region coupled to a gate electrode through a gate dielectric layer and directly contacting a channel region. The charge storage region contains quantum structures, deep traps or combinations thereof and is charged by carriers injected from injection regions that are in direct contact with the charge storage region. Fabrication of the device at low temperatures compatible with back-end-of-line processing is further disclosed.Type: ApplicationFiled: February 14, 2014Publication date: August 20, 2015Applicant: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Kevin K. Chan, Tze-Chiang Chen, Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Wilfried Ernst-August Haensch, Bahman Hekmatshoartabari
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Patent number: 8902690Abstract: A system and method for operating a unipolar memory cell array including a bidirectional access diode. An example embodiment is a method including determining if the operating state of the unipolar memory cell is in a select state or a deselect state and the programming state is a read state or a write state. The method switches a column voltage switch based on the operating state and the programming state of the unipolar memory cell. The method further switches a row voltage switch based on the operating state and the programming state of the unipolar memory cell.Type: GrantFiled: August 13, 2012Date of Patent: December 2, 2014Assignee: International Business Machines CorporationInventors: Kailash Gopalakrishnan, Chung H. Lam, Jing Li, Robert K. Montoye