Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided to determine routing associated with a short message. A SMS-SC may send a first routing request to a home subscriber server (HSS). The first routing request may be associated with the short message. The SMS-SC may receive a first routing reply. The first routing reply may include one of an indication that the short message is associated with a service capability server (SCS) or a first control plane routing associated with the short message. The SMS-SC may send the short message to an SCS serving node. The first routing reply may include the indication that the short message is associated with a service capability server (SCS). The SMS-SC may send a second routing request to a SCS subscription database. The SMS-SC may receive a second routing reply from the SCS subscription database, which may indicate a second control plane routing for the short message.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interworking between a mobile network operator and an application provider are disclosed. A network application function (NAF) may be co-located with an OpenID provider such that an application server may communicate with the NAF to access a home subscriber server (HSS) via a bootstrapping server function (BSF). The interfaces between BSF and HSS, and between BSF and NAF may be enhanced to carry information that is available through Sh interface between the application server and the HSS. When the WTRU is roaming in a visited network, the application server may communicate with the visited network for charging and policing for serving the service request from the WTRU. The application server may be co-located with an NAF, and may authenticate the WTRU using Generic Bootstrapping Architecture, and may communicate with a BSF in a home network via an eZn-proxy function to access an HSS.

Abstract: A method and system for switching a radio access technology (RAT) between wireless communication systems connected to each other while implementing different RATs with a multi-mode WTRU are disclosed. A plurality of wireless communication systems are deployed with overlapping coverage areas wherein each system implements different RATs and are connected to each other such that a service that is provided by one system may be provided through the other system. Each wireless communication system transmits an indication of the existence of an inter-working wireless communication system in a coverage area of each system. The WTRU receives the indication and information regarding the inter-working wireless communication system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a solution to the handoff problem includes negotiation of new media codes (coders/decoders) for utilization in cases where the two devices involved in the handoff are incompatible. Although mobile IP (MIP) is presently utilized to perform handoff procedures, this technique lacks a trigger mechanism to initiate handoff between two different devices which communicate with two different networks or one common network. In addition, MIP does not address the issue of compatibilities between media types, codes and supported bit rate. The handoff utilizes a session protocol (SIP) message for handoff.

Abstract: A method and system for reporting short message (SM) capability over an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) using a session initiation protocol (SIP) are disclosed. A short message Internet Protocol gateway (SM-IP-GW) receives a registration request via session initiation protocol (SIP). The registration request may indicate a capability of a WTRU to receive Short Message Service (SMS) messages via an Internet Protocol multimedia subsystem (IMS). The SM-IP-GW transmits a successful registration message to a home location register (HLR) to indicate that a WTRU has successfully registered with the SM-IP-GW. Once the HLR is informed that a WTRU is successfully registered with the SM-IP-GW, SMS messages may be received and transmitted via the IMS using SIP.

Abstract: An apparatus and method are described for sponsoring service and preferential traffic handling, (i.e., data connectivity) by wireless transmit/receive units (WTRUs). A first WTRU may initiate user sponsoring of a second WTRU via an application server (AS). The first WTRU may receive a service trigger from the AS and forward the service trigger to the second WTRU. The second WTRU may then initiate a sponsored session with the AS using the service trigger in order to receive a service from the AS. The first WTRU may also request the AS to transfer a credit to the second WTRU. The AS may establish a direct communication link with a charging system including an online charging function (OCF) and a charging data function (CDF). The AS may send a request to a network to provide preferential traffic handling needed to deliver content to the second WTRU.

Abstract: A method of Inter-User Equipment (UE) Transfer (IUT) for use in an Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) capable wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), the method comprising: receiving, at the IMS capable WTRU, an IUT session transfer command from a non-IMS capable WTRU via non-IMS signaling; translating, at the IMS capable WTRU, the IUT session transfer command to an IMS based message; and transmitting, from the IMS capable WTRU, the translated IMS based message to a Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS).

Abstract: Method and apparatus delivering voice/data services within a piconet operating over a limited range or over a WLAN communicating with 3GPP devices by reformatting data into IP format before delivering to the WLAN. The service is short message service (SMS). Upon receipt of an SMS message, relevant routing information is retrieved. A PDGW address for the SMS message is identified and is sent to the PDGW address which identifies the WLAN user equipment (UE) for receiving the SMS and reformats the SMS message into IP format (text or encapsulation) for delivery to the UE. A protocol architecture is provided for SMS delivery over WLANs, in particular, for UMTS/CDMA based SMS over WLAN through two alternative mechanisms, i.e., SMS tunneling and SMS proxy, for protocols for the delivery of SMS across the WLAN. The invention enhances standard 802.11 in the context of UMTS and CDMA 2000; as well as other scenarios.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for performing Inter-User Equipment Transfer (IUT) across any internet protocol (IP) based network. This framework allows for preparation, execution and completion of data transfer at a target device through registration with a Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) and receipt of an IUT request. The target device receives and stores an IP address or a source device. The IP address is used to transmit session information.

Abstract: A method comprising: a Service Centralized and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS) receiving, from a first WTRU, a collaborative session request to replicate a media flow to a second WTRU; the SCC AS authorizing the request; the SCC AS allocating a media resource at a media resource function (MRF) for the media flow; the SCC AS establishing a second-WTRU access leg; the SCC AS updating a first-WTRU access leg for the first WTRU; and the SCC AS updating a remote leg to communicate the replicated media flow to the MRF, wherein, unless the remote party rejects the replication of the media flow, the media flow then flows from the remote party to the MRF, from the MRF to the first WTRU, and from the MRF to the second WTRU.

Abstract: A method and system for switching a radio access technology (RAT) between wireless communication systems connected to each other while implementing different RATs with a multi-mode WTRU are disclosed. A plurality of wireless communication systems are deployed with overlapping coverage areas wherein each system implements different RATs and are connected to each other such that a service that is provided by one system may be provided through the other system. Each wireless communication system transmits an indication of the existence of an inter-working wireless communication system in a coverage area of each system. The WTRU receives the indication and information regarding the inter-working wireless communication system.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for providing a solution to the handoff problem includes negotiation of new media codes (coders/decoders) for utilization in cases where the two devices involved in the handoff are incompatible. Although mobile IP (MIP) is presently utilized to perform handoff procedures, this technique lacks a trigger mechanism to initiate handoff between two different devices which communicate with two different networks or one common network. In addition, MIP does not address the issue of compatibilities between media types, codes and supported bit rate. The handoff utilizes a session protocol (SIP) message for handoff.

Abstract: A method and system for reporting short message (SM) capability over an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) using a session initiation protocol (SIP) are disclosed. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) registers with a core network and sends a message indicating its SM capability via the IMS to the core network. The core network then updates the WTRU capabilities based on the message and routes an SM to the WTRU via the IMS.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for providing an automatic handoff process of a user equipment (UE) from either a wireless local area network (WLAN) to a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) or from a UMTS to a WLAN. Handoffs may be initiated by the UE, based upon user preference, signal quality, comparison of location coordinates of the UE and the system to be switched to or signal quality. The available channels of one system may be broadcast to the UE by the other system or the UE may monitor channels of the system to be switched to and lock on to one. The handoff may also be initiated by the UMTS, the selection being power-based.

Abstract: A method of Inter-User Equipment (UE) Transfer (IUT) for use in a Home enhanced-Node B (H(e)NB), the method comprising receiving a transfer command from a first IMS capable WTRU via IMS signaling, translating the transfer command to a non-IMS based message, and transmitting the translated non-IMS based message to a Service Centralization and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS).

Abstract: Method and apparatus delivering voice/data services within a piconet operating over a limited range or over a WLAN communicating with 3GPP devices by reformatting data into IP format before delivering to the WLAN. The service is short message service (SMS). Upon receipt of an SMS message, relevant routing information is retrieved. A PDGW address for the SMS message is identified and is sent to the PDGW address which identifies the WLAN user equipment (UE) for receiving the SMS and reformats the SMS message into IP format (text or encapsulation) for delivery to the UE. A protocol architecture is provided for SMS delivery over WLANs, in particular, for UMTS/CDMA based SMS over WLAN through two alternative mechanisms, i.e., SMS tunneling and SMS proxy, for protocols for the delivery of SMS across the WLAN. The invention enhances standard 802.11 in the context of UMTS and CDMA 2000; as well as other scenarios.

Abstract: A method of replicating a media session in a Service Centralized and Continuity Application Server (SCC AS), the method comprising receiving a collaborative replication session invite request from a second wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU), performing authorization of the collaborative replication session invite request, allocating a media resource for a replicated media flow, transmitting a response for the replicated media flow in a media resource function (MRF) to second WTRU, updating an access leg on a first WTRU for the replicated media flow with the MRF, and updating a remote leg for the replicated media flow in the MRF.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for handover between a 3GPP based network and a non-3GPP network is disclosed where a policy update to a new gateway is requested. A confirmation of the policy update is sent from the policy and charging rules function (PCRF) to the 3GPP packet data network gateway (PDN GW). The new gateway also confirms the policy update to the currently serving gateway. The tunnel endpoints and radio resources are released between the PDN GW and the evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG), thereby freeing the resources previously used by the wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). A release acknowledgement is sent from the serving gateway to the PCRF confirming the policy update process is complete. The method may be used for handover between 3GPP and non-3GPP networks and vice versa. The method and apparatus may be practiced over the S2b or S2c interfaces.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for machine type communication (MTC) preregistration are provided. The methods provide single or periodic preregistrations and may be machine to machine (M2M) application function (AF) or device (MTC user equipment based). The devices in the system may be divided into groups and accessed by on a group Internet Protocol (IP) address. Two wake up cycles may be provided, one for control and one for uploading information (a reporting cycle). During the control cycle, the devices may wake up and listen to the control channel for any paging messages. Depending on the paging information, individual devices or the entire group may access the system. In the reporting cycle, all the devices may wake up and access the system to connect to the M2M system to upload data.

Abstract: Techniques for inter-user equipment (UE) transfer (IUT) are disclosed. An application server may receive an IUT request for transfer of a media session toward at least one initial UE such that the media session is to be played by at least two target UEs. The server may determine eligibility for IUT with group synchronization based on the request. The server may send a message to the initial UE that IUT with group synchronization is not allowed on a condition that IUT with group synchronization is not allowed. Further, the server may trigger inter-destination media synchronization (IDMS) for group synchronization of media sessions among the UEs on a condition that IUT with group synchronization is allowed. The media sessions may include a first media session and second media session. The media stream may be played by at least two UEs that are geographically separated after the transfer.