Abstract: A perovskite type oxide of a single crystal structure or a uniaxial-oriented crystal structure represented by ABO3 where site A includes Pb as a main component and site B includes a plurality of elements, wherein the perovskite type oxide includes a plurality of crystal phases selected from the group consisting of tetragonal, rhombohedral, orthorhombic, cubic, pseudo-cubic and monoclinic systems and the plurality of crystal phases are oriented in the direction of <100>.

Abstract: A piezoelectric member of uniaxial crystal or uniaxial crystal and the piezoelectric member has perovskite type oxide described to be ABO3 in a general formula with a main component of the A being Pb and a main component of the B containing at least three kinds of elements selected from the group consisting of Mg, Zn, Sc, In, Yb, Ni, Nb, Ti and Ta and film thickness of the piezoelectric member is not less than 1 ?m and not more than 10 ?m and the piezoelectric member fulfills a predetermined conditions on relative dielectric constant or Curie temperature.

Abstract: The present invention provides a piezoelectric substance of single crystal or uniaxial crystal type in which three lattice lengths a, b and c of a unit lattice of the piezoelectric substance are smaller than lattice length a0, b0 and c0 of a unit lattice of a bulk state of single crystal having the same temperature and same composition, respectively, and a volume of the unit lattice of the piezoelectric substance is smaller than a volume of the unit lattice of the bulk state of single crystal having the same temperature and same composition.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material, characterized in that a main component of the piezoelectric substance is PZT which has perovskite type structure expressed in Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (1) (x expresses an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti in the formula), an element ratio Pb/(Zr+Ti) of Pb, Zr and Ti of the piezoelectric substance is 1.05 or more, and an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti is 0.5 to 0.8 inclusive, and the piezoelectric substance has at least a perovskite type structure of monoclinic system.

Abstract: A piezoelectric material, characterized in that a main component of the piezoelectric substance is PZT which has perovskite type structure expressed in Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (1) (x expresses an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti in the formula), an element ratio Pb/(Zr+Ti) of Pb, Zr and Ti of the piezoelectric substance is 1.05 or more, and an element ratio Zr/(Zr+Ti) of Zr and Ti is 0.2 to 0.8 inclusive, and a Curie temperature Tc of the piezoelectric substance and a Curie temperature Tc0 in a bulk at an element ratio of Zr and Ti of the piezoelectric substance satisfy relation of Tc>Tc0+50° C.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element including an upper electrode, a piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material and a lower electrode, characterized in that the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material is a composite oxide constituted by ABO3 as general formula and the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material has a twin crystal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element including an upper electrode, a piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material and a lower electrode, characterized in that the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material is a composite oxide constituted by ABO3 as general formula and the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material has a twin crystal.

Abstract: A piezoelectric member element including a piezoelectric member layer and a pair of electrode layers sandwiching the piezoelectric member layer, wherein at least three layers, which are directed in a preferential orientation to the (110) plane on the (100) plane of Si, are accumulated and the above described at least three layers include the above described piezoelectric member layer and one of the above described pair of electrode layers.

Abstract: A piezoelectric element including an upper electrode, a piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material and a lower electrode, characterized in that the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material is a composite oxide constituted by ABO3 as general formula and the piezoelectric and/or electrostrictive material has a twin crystal.

Abstract: A dielectric element having a dielectric layer provided between an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer, wherein the dielectric layer has a first dielectric layer and a second dielectric layer mutually different in composition, and composition of at least one component of the first dielectric layer changes as to a thickness direction of the first dielectric layer in proximity to a boundary between the first dielectric layer and the second dielectric layer.

Abstract: To provide a dielectric layer of crystal structure preferentially or uniaxially oriented on a common substrate. A dielectric element of desired quality can be stably produced even on a common substrate for film-making by forming a lower electrode layer, dielectric layer and upper electrode layer in this order on a substrate, wherein each of these layers are designed to be preferentially or uniaxially oriented, and to have a specific half bandwidth, determined by fitting a pseudo-Voigt function.

Abstract: A platen for use in a dry etching process for substrate production, the platen having a surface susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation from the dry etching process and a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface for rendering the surface less susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation, the coating comprising a silicon carbide coating.

Abstract: An ink-jet recording apparatus is adapted to eject ink from an ink-jet head onto a recording medium held in position by means of an electrostatic adsorption system. The surface resistance of the recording medium is not greater than 1×1011 &OHgr;/□.

Abstract: A platen for use in a dry etching process for substrate production, the platen having a surface susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation from the dry etching process and a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface for rendering the surface less susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation, the coating comprising a silicon carbide coating

Abstract: A platen for use in a dry etching process for substrate production, the platen having a surface susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation from the dry etching process and a coating applied to at least a portion of the surface for rendering the surface less susceptible to chipping and/or particle generation, the coating comprising a silicon carbide coating

Abstract: A printing apparatus and a printing method define an achromatic region and a chromatic region of image data. The image data is defined as an achromatic region when a difference between a maximum and a minimum values among R, G, B values corresponds to 1% to 10% of a range of values that R, G, B values are obtainable. In the achromatic region, the number of black and its derivative ink dots to be ejected per one pixel is 4 dots at the maximum. A chromatic region is defined as an area where does not satisfy the requirements of the achromatic region. In the chromatic region, the number of black and its derivative ink dots to be ejected per one pixel is 1 dots at the maximum.

Abstract: A printing apparatus and a printing method define an achromatic region and a chromatic region of image data. The image data is defined as an achromatic region when a difference between a maximum and a minimum values among R, G, B values corresponds to 1% to 10% of a range of values that R, G, B values are obtainable. In the achromatic region, the number of black and its derivative ink dots to be ejected per one pixel is 4 dots at the maximum. A chromatic region is defined as an area where does not satisfy the requirements of the achromatic region. In the chromatic region, the number of black and its derivative ink dots to be ejected per one pixel is 1 dots at the maximum.

Abstract: A tab for fixing a paper web end portion of a paper roll includes a substantially parallelogram-shaped base sheet having two diagonally opposite acute angles. A plurality of linear, discontinuous cuts are formed on the base sheet in parallel with two opposite sides of the base sheet to thereby define a first portion in cooperation with one of the two opposite sides and a second portion in cooperation with the other side. The cuts extend to at least one of other two opposite sides of the base sheet. Adhesive is applied to the first and second portions on the same surface such that an appropriate nonadhesive portion is formed between adhesive applied onto the first portion and adhesive applied onto the second portion. A release sheet having a size greater than that of the tab is attached to an adhesive-applied side of the tab such that a portion thereof is projected beyond the profile of the tab. Alternatively, the release sheet assumes the form of tape.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photosensitive member having a substrate and a photosensitive layer thereupon, wherein a surface layer of the photosensitive member contains a resin which is obtained by being subject to polycondensation as a monomer component only an organosilicon-modified positive hole transporting compound; a process cartridge which has, in addition to the electrophotographic photosensitive member, at least one from among a primary charging means, a developing means, and a cleaning means placed into a housing; and the image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photosensitive member.

Abstract: A wall is provided on one side of a web of paper or the like traveling along a predefined path, and an airstream is produced between the wall and the traveling web approximately in the direction of web travel. A transverse static pressure gradient is established across the airstream, causing the stream to flow close to the wall surface. This phenomenon is called as the Coanda effect. A partial vacuum created in the airstream causes the web to deflect from its normal path and to be drawn to the wall surface under sufficient pressure to be kept from fluttering. This method of web flutter control is applied to the splicing of webs, as from one roll to another in a web-fed rotary printing press. The web being unwound from the old roll has been susceptible to fluttering while being spliced to the new roll, such web fluttering being eliminable by providing a wall member along the web path and producing an airstream between the web and the wall member.