Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support having formed thereon a specific photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer comprises a siloxane resin-containing layer containing a siloxane resin having a structural unit represented by general formula (1) shown below, a structural unit represented by general formula (2) shown below, and an organic group derived from a compound having hole transport capability, or comprises a siloxane resin-containing layer containing a siloxane resin obtained by using an organic silicon compound having a structural unit represented by general formula (1) shown below and a hydrolytic group, and a compound represented by general formula (3) shown below: The formulas are defined in the specification.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is capable of performing image formation at a processing speed of not lower than 150 mm/s. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a surface layer containing a siloxane-bases resin having charge-transporting properties and a crosslinked structure. A cleaning device comprises a brush member disposed such that the leading end of said brush comes in contact with said electrophotographic photoreceptor. The product (Rz×We) of the surface roughness (Rz [?m]) of said electrophotographic photoreceptor after 200,000 rotations thereof and the wear rate of said electrophotographic photoreceptor per 1,000 rotations (We [nm]) is not greater than 20.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor of the present invention comprises a conductive support and a photosensitive layer. The photosensitive layer on the farthest side from the conductive support, includes a phenol derivative-containing layer which contains a phenol derivative having a methylol group and a charge transport material having at least one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, a thiol group and an amino group. An infrared absorption spectrum of the phenol derivative-containing layer satisfies the conditions represented by the following formula (1): (P2/P1)?0.2??(1) P1 is an absorbance of a maximum absorption peak in a range of 1560 cm?1 to 1640 cm?1, and P2 is an absorbance of a maximum absorption peak in a range of 1645 cm?1 to 1700 cm?1.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming an image that can stably provide an image for a long period of time is provided by using an electrophotographic photoreceptor having, as the outermost layer, a hard film containing one or more of a charge transporting organic silicon compound. It is an apparatus for forming an image containing a photoreceptor having, as an outermost layer, a hard film containing one or more of a charge transporting organic silicon compound represented by the following general formula (I), the outermost layer having a wear rate of about from 5 to 30 nm per 1,000 revolutions of the photoreceptor: F-[D-A]b.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor that can sufficiently prevent occurrence of filming, whereby defects on an image can be sufficiently prevented, and an electrophotographic process cartridge and an electrophotographic apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor are to be provided. The electrophotographic photoreceptor contains an electroconductive substrate having provided thereon a photosensitive layer, and an outermost layer of the photosensitive layer has a dynamic hardness of about from 13.0×109 to 100.0×109 N/m2. According to the invention, occurrence of flaws on the surface of the photoreceptor can be sufficiently prevented, and cracking of a member made in contact with the photoreceptor can also be sufficiently prevented. Therefore, occurrence of filming is sufficiently prevented, and occurrence of defects on an image is also sufficiently prevented.

Abstract: Provided are a photoreceptor of an electophotographic system satisfactorily high in resistance to contamination with a developer or corona products and durability to a contact electrification unit or a cleaning blade and capable of preventing occurrence of film defects in the production, and a process cartridge and an image forming apparatus in which a good image quality can be obtained over a long period of time. The photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate and a silicon compound-containing layer located on the substrate and containing a cyclic siloxane compound and/or derivatives thereof. The cyclic siloxane compound has a cyclic structure containing a repeating unit represented by formula (1) wherein A1 and A2, which may be the same or different, each represent a monovalent organic group.

Abstract: The present invention is an organic electroluminescence device having one or two or more organic film layers formed on the surface of the substrate such that the organic film layer is held by an anode and a cathode, wherein at least one of the organic film layers is a layer comprising a cross-linked cured film containing compounds having a substituted silicon group having a hydrolyzable group, or a derivative thereof, and at least one of the compounds having a substituted silicon group having the hydrolysable group is a compound represented by the following general formula (I): General Formula (I) The present organic electroluminescence device can be driven at a low voltage and a high light-emission efficiency, has the better heat resistance, and maintain the stable light-emitting property for a long period of time. In addition, the present organic electroluminescence device can be obtained by lamination by solution coating.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus is capable of performing image formation at a processing speed of not lower than 150 mm/s. An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprises a surface layer containing a siloxane-bases resin having charge-transporting properties and a crosslinked structure. A cleaning device comprises a brush member disposed such that the leading end of said brush comes in contact with said electrophotographic photoreceptor. The product (Rz×We) of the surface roughness (Rz [?m]) of said electrophotographic photoreceptor after 200,000 rotations thereof and the wear rate of said electrophotographic photoreceptor per 1,000 rotations (We [nm]) is not greater than 20.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor with excellent wear resistance and high durability, and an image formation method having a high toner transferring efficiency and capable of providing images with high quality. The image formation method features a developing step of forming a toner image by developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of a latent image carrier by a developer containing at least a toner, a transferring step of forming a transferred image by transferring the toner image formed on the surface of the latent image carrier to the surface of an object recording medium, and a fixing step of fixing the toner image transferred on the surface of the object recording medium. The latent image carrier has a surface layer containing a cross-linked resin having charge transporting property, and the toner is a toner containing at least a binder resin of mainly a crystalline resin and a coloring agent.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising at least: an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charging device; an exposure device; a developing device; and a transfer device, wherein the exposure device is of a multi beam exposure system which has a surface emitting laser array having two or more light-emitting elements as an exposure light source and which scan the electrophotographic photoreceptor with plural light beams thereby forming electrostatic latent image, and wherein the outermost layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, positioned most distant from the conductive substrate, contains a silicon-containing resin containing at least a charge transporting compound or a characteristic group derived from a charge transporting compound, and having a structure in which bonds formed by crosslinking of an O atom with neighboring Si atoms are formed three dimensionally.

Abstract: An arylamine compound represented by formula (1). Ar1 represents a phenyl group substitued by a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent heterocyclic group. Ar2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group. R1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxy group, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group. R2 represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. R3 and R4 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, at least one of R3 and R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, and R3 and R4 may be bound to form a ring via a single bond or a divalent group. m represents an integral of from 0 to 4.

Abstract: An image-forming apparatus comprising multiple toner image-forming units that form toner images by developing electrostatic latent images by means of a developer containing a nonmagnetic toner and a magnetic carrier, wherein: each of the toner image-forming units further comprises a photoreceptor, a developing device that develops an electrostatic latent image borne on the surface of the photoreceptor, and multiple cleaning rolls having a magnetic particle layer of magnetic particles at the surface, which are located in the state freely rotatable and in contact with or in the neighborhood of the surface of the photoreceptor and absorb nonmagnetic toners present on the surface of the photoreceptor on the magnetic particle layer thereof by rotation; and the photoreceptor is rotating at a peripheral velocity of approximately 200 mm/sec or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides an organic electroluminescent device including a pair of electrodes including an anode and a cathode, at least one of which is transparent or translucent; and one or more organic compound layers placed between the pair of electrodes, wherein at least one of the organic compound layers contains a charge transport material that satisfies the following relations: (ta?tT)/ta<0.5 ??Expression (1) D/?<20 ??Expression (2) wherein, in an electric field of 10 V/?m, tT is a transit time of a transient photocurrent waveform; IT is a current value at time tT; Ia is half of the current value IT; ta is a time at the current value Ia on the transient photocurrent waveform; D and ? are respectively a diffusion coefficient and a true mobility obtained from the transient photocurrent waveform; and D/? is the ratio of D to ?.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive substrate, and at least one layer, which contains a polymeric compound having a repeating unit selected from repeating units represented by the following general formulas (I) to (III), provided on the conductive substrate, as well as an electrophotographic process cartridge and an image forming apparatus using the electrophotographic photoreceptor. In general formulas (I) to (III), R1a and R1b each independently represent an alkylene group, X represents a arylene group or a alkylene group, Y represents a divalent aromatic group, and n represents a repeating unit number.

Abstract: The present invention provides an electrophotographic photoreceptor and an electrophotographic member, which have superior mold releasing and sliding properties and are able to maintain these properties over long periods of time, the photoreceptor comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer, the electrophotographic member comprising a first layer and a second layer, which includes a fluororesin layer, externally disposed on the first layer to form an outermost layer and filling voids in the first layer, and further provides a process cartridge equipped with said electrophotographic photoreceptor or said electrophotographic member, and an image forming apparatus.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support having formed thereon a specific photosensitive layer.

Abstract: The invention provides an image forming apparatus comprising at least: an electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising at least a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the conductive substrate; a charging device; an exposure device; a developing device; and a transfer device, wherein the exposure device is of a multi beam exposure system which has a surface emitting laser array having two or more light-emitting elements as an exposure light source and which scan the electrophotographic photoreceptor with plural light beams thereby forming electrostatic latent image, and wherein the outermost layer in the electrophotographic photoreceptor, positioned most distant from the conductive substrate, contains a silicon-containing resin containing at least a charge transporting compound or a characteristic group derived from a charge transporting compound, and having a structure in which bonds formed by crosslinking of an O atom with neighboring Si atoms are formed three dimensionally.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polyester resin including at least one repeating unit represented by the following formula (1): 1

Abstract: The present invention provides a display element, which is driven at a low voltage, displays a high-contrast image with few density irregularities, and has improved image holding property. In a display element, which displays an image by moving, between a first and second substrate, particles having different colors and charge polarities by an electric field applied between the first and second substrates, the surface roughness of at least one of the substrates is 1 nm to 1 &mgr;m, the coefficient of shape is 100 to 140, the width and depth of the recessed part are not identical to the diameter of the particles and the contacting parts of the recessed part and the particles do not form a surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor comprising a conductive support and a photosensitive layer disposed on the conductive support, wherein the photosensitive layer comprises a silicon compound-containing layer containing a silicon compound, and the silicon compound-containing layer further contains a resin, and wherein the photosensitive layer has a peak area in the region of −40 to 0 ppm (S1) and a peak area in the region of −100 to −50 ppm (S2) in a 29Si-NMR spectrum satisfying the following equation (1):