Abstract: A high-strength and high-toughness magnesium based alloy contains, by weight, 1 to 8% rare earth element and 1 to 6% calcium and the maximum crystal grain diameter of magnesium constituting a matrix is not more than 30 ?m. At least one intermetallic compound (6) of rare earth element and calcium has a maximum grain diameter of 20 ?m or less and it is dispersed in a crystal grain boundary (5) and a crystal grain (4) of magnesium of the matrix.

Abstract: A production method of an extrusion billet includes a step of preparing a plate or lump starting material comprising a magnesium alloy, a step of performing a plastic deformation process at a rolling reduction of 70% or more to the starting material at a temperature of 250° C. or lower to introduce a strain without generating dynamic recrystallization, a step of producing powder by granulating the material after the plastic deformation process, and a step of producing a powder billet by compressing the powder.

Abstract: A production method of amorphous silica comprises a step of preparing organic waste containing silicon oxide as a starting material, a step of immersing the organic waste in a carboxylic acid aqueous solution having a hydroxyl group, a step of washing the organic waste in water, and a step of heating the organic waste in the air atmosphere.

Abstract: A method for producing a high strength workpiece material includes the steps of: placing an alloy material 10 into a central space of a cylindrical mold 2; vertically compressing both end faces of the material in the central space with a press member 5 and a first support member 3, thereby causing one lengthwise end of the material to flow radially outward along an end face of the cylindrical mold 2 to form an expanded part; bringing the press member 5 into contact with a lengthwise end face of the expanded part so as to press the expanded part against the end face of the cylindrical mold 2; and increasing the distance between the press member 5 and the end face of the cylindrical mold 2 while decreasing the distance between the press member 5 and the first support member 3, thereby continuously causing the radially outward flow from one end to another end of the material to gradually increase the thickness of the expanded part.

Abstract: A raw magnesium alloy powder material having a relatively small crystal grain diameter is obtained by subjecting a starting material powder having a relatively large crystal grain diameter to a plastic working in which the powder is passed through a pair of rolls to undergo compressive deformation or shear deformation. The starting material powder is a magnesium alloy powder having a fine intermetallic compound (21) precipitated and dispersed in a base (22) by a heat treatment. A work strain (22) is formed around the precipitated intermetallic compound (21) in the magnesium alloy powder after processed by the plastic working. The magnesium alloy powder after processed by the plastic working has a maximum size of 10 mm or less and a minimum size of 0.1 mm or more, and the magnesium particle constituting the base (20) has a maximum crystal grain diameter of 20 ?m or less.

Abstract: A production method of amorphous silicon oxide powder comprises a step of preparing a wood, agricultural crop or plant containing hexose and/or pentose and silicon oxide as a starting raw material, a step of hydrolyzing the starting raw material with nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid or organic acid to reduce a content of the hexose to 10% by weight or less and/or a content of the pentose to 20% by weight or less, and a step of burning residue yielded in the hydrolyzing step at a temperature of 400° C. to 1200° C.

Abstract: A copper alloy extruded material is provided by extruding a copper alloy powder solidified billet and old grain boundaries remain in it.

Abstract: Magnesium composite powder which is a starting raw material to manufacture a particle-dispersion type of magnesium group composite material comprises magnesium alloy coarse particles (7) serving as a main component which constitutes a matrix of a magnesium alloy and fine-grained powder (8) comprising a component which reacts with magnesium to form a compound and attached on a surface of the magnesium alloy coarse particle (7) through a binder (9).

Abstract: When starting raw material powder is passed through a pair of rolls (2a), plastic working is applied to the starting raw material powder, and the crystal grain diameter of a metal or alloy constituting a matrix of the powder particle after processed is miniaturized. According to the thus provided alloy powder raw material, the maximum size of the powder particle is not more than 10 mm and the minimum size of the powder particle is not less than 0.1 mm, and the maximum crystal grain diameter of the metal or alloy constituting the matrix of the powder particle is not more than 30 ?m.

Abstract: Magnesium based composite powder that is a starting raw material to manufacture a Mg2Si dispersion type of magnesium based composite material comprises Mg based powder (7) that is a main component constituting the matrix of a magnesium alloy, and Mg2Si powder attached to the surface of the Mg based powder (7) through a binder (9).

Abstract: A high-strength and high-toughness magnesium based alloy contains, by weight, 1 to 8% rare earth element and 1 to 6% calcium and the maximum crystal grain diameter of magnesium constituting a matrix is not more than 30 ?m. At least one intermetallic compound (6) of rare earth element and calcium has a maximum grain diameter of 20 ?m or less and it is dispersed in a crystal grain boundary (5) and a crystal grain (4) of magnesium of the matrix.

Abstract: In a reading apparatus, mask data of entry box lines thicker than lines of a layout printed on a form is stored in a storage portion of a reading apparatus, a layout code printed in the vicinity of the entry box of the layout read by a reading portion is read, and with detection marks as a reference, the mask data corresponding to the layout and the image data read by the reading portion are superimposed for deletion, thereby detecting only the entered data. Then, the detected data is transmitted to a printing apparatus, a client terminal or the like. When data printing is performed, the layout data of a layout management apparatus and the detected data are superimposed and printed by the printing apparatus.

Abstract: A magnesium base composite material is provided such that compound particles generated by a solid-phase reaction with magnesium are uniformly dispersed in a magnesium alloy body. The compound particles dispersed in the body comprise magnesium silicide (Mg2Si) and magnesium oxide (MgO) so that the magnesium base composite material may have excellent strength, hardness and abrasion resistance and tempered opponent aggression.

Abstract: Magnesium composite powder which is a starting raw material to manufacture a particle-dispersion type of magnesium group composite material comprises magnesium alloy coarse particles (7) serving as a main component which constitutes a matrix of a magnesium alloy and fine-grained powder (8) comprising a component which reacts with magnesium to form a compound and attached on a surface of the magnesium alloy coarse particle (7) through a binder (9).

Abstract: The present invention provides a magnesium-base composite material capable of suppressing coarse growth of a crystal particle size of a magnesium matrix and Mg2Si particles, thereby providing excellent mechanical properties such as strength and hardness, and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method includes the steps of: blending matrix powder containing Mg and Si powder to obtain a blended matter; applying a plasticization treatment to the resulting blended matter to form a solid body; heating the solid body to allow Mg and Si to react with each other to form a heat solid body containing Mg2Si; and applying a warm plasticization treatment to the heat solid body. Thus, it is possible to provide a magnesium-base composite material having a tensile strength from not less than 100 MPa to not more than 500 MPa.

Abstract: An AlN dispersed powder aluminum alloy with a particular composition and structure has excellent wear resistance, seizure resistance, heat resistance, toughness and machinability. In the structure of the alloy, AlN layers are discontinuously dispersed along some of the grain boundaries of former aluminum alloy particles in the matrix of an aluminum alloy sintered body. Diffusion and sintering progresses between non-nitrided grains at areas of grain boundaries not having AlN layers, to attain strong bonding between the grains. A nitriding accelerative element such as Mg, Ca or Li is provided in some of the grains to promote the discontinuous formation of the AlN layers. Additionally, layers of a nitriding suppressive element such as Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi or S may be discontinuously dispersed at regions along some of the grain boundaries, and bonding between grains is achieved at these regions as well.

Abstract: An outer rotor and an inner rotor are formed of sintered aluminum alloy. The sintered aluminum alloy contains 0.5 wt % to 11 wt % of aluminum nitride. Porosity of the sintered aluminum alloy for outer rotor is 3 vol % to 15 vol %. Porosity of the sintered aluminum alloy for inner rotor is 2 vol % to 10 vol %. Outer rotor and inner rotor are set in a pump case. A rotary driving shaft formed of steel is inserted to a through hole of inner rotor. A press fit member is inserted at a press fit surface of inner rotor and rotary driving shaft. Accordingly, sliding members formed of sintered aluminum alloy which reduces seizure and abrasive wear of the inner and outer rotors can be provided, and in addition, an oil pump of which wear and damage at the inner rotor inner diameter surface is suppressed, can be provided.

Abstract: A copper series sintered friction material is provided including a foundation constituted by copper alloy powder and containing hard phases and solid lubricant components dispersed uniformly, and exhibits a friction coefficient of 0.3 or more stably without seizure when the sintered friction material frictionally slides against titanium or a titanium alloy in the atmosphere, the foundation containing at least one additive element selected from Zn, Ni, Al, Fe, and Mo.

Abstract: An AlN dispersed powder aluminum alloy with a particular composition and structure has excellent wear resistance, seizure resistance, heat resistance, toughness and machinability. In the structure of the alloy, AlN layers are discontinuously dispersed along some of the grain boundaries of former aluminum alloy particles in the matrix of an aluminum alloy sintered body. Diffusion and sintering progresses between non-nitrided grains at areas of grain boundaries not having AlN layers, to attain strong bonding between the grains. A nitriding accelerative element such as Mg, Ca or Li is provided in some of the grains to promote the discontinuous formation of the AlN layers. Additionally, layers of a nitriding suppressive element such as Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi or S may be discontinuously dispersed at regions along some of the grain boundaries, and bonding between grains is achieved at these regions as well.

Abstract: A roller brake or drum brake for a two-wheeler includes a guide case rotating with a wheel, a ring of a sintered copper alloy that is fixedly fitted into the guide case, and a brake shoe of an iron material that is pressed against the inner peripheral surface of the ring thereby exhibiting a braking effect. The sintered copper alloy forming the ring contains hard particles dispersed in the interior of respective grains of copper alloy powder forming the matrix.