Abstract: A manufacturing method of a circuitry including a planar diode that can improve manufacturing precision of a connection between the planar diode and a circuit element connected to an electrode of the planar diode is provided. The manufacturing method of the circuitry including the planar diode includes: forming an insulating layer having a first pattern shape on a substrate; and monolithically forming a functional material layer having a second pattern shape complementary to the first pattern shape on the substrate. The functional material layer includes a material that functions as a planar diode having a rectifying property based on a shape and a size. The second pattern shape has a shape of a circuitry including the planar diode, a first circuit element connected to a first electrode of the planar diode, and a second circuit element connected to a second electrode of the planar diode.

Abstract: A field-effect transistor includes a Ga2O3-based semiconductor layer, a source region and a drain region that are formed inside the Ga2O3-based semiconductor layer, a gate electrode that is formed, via a gate insulating film, on a channel region as the Ga2O3-based semiconductor layer between the source region and the drain region, a source electrode connected to the source region, and a drain electrode connected to the drain region. An interface charge including a negative charge is formed between the gate electrode and the channel region, and a gate threshold voltage is not less than 4.5V.

Abstract: An aerodynamic characteristic estimation device is provided with a detection section to detect at least one of a velocity of a bicycle or an acceleration of the bicycle when being pedaled by a cyclist, a detection section to detect a pedaling power when being pedaled, and an estimation section to estimate aerodynamic drag information indicating an aerodynamic characteristic acting on the bicycle being ridden by the cyclist based on a computation result of mechanical analysis according to an equation of motion established for a direction of progress of the bicycle and using the velocity of the bicycle and the acceleration of the bicycle as obtained from a detection result together with the pedaling power as detected by the detection section.

Abstract: An aerodynamic characteristic estimation device is provided with a detection section to detect at least one of a velocity of a bicycle or an acceleration of the bicycle when being pedaled by a cyclist, a detection section to detect a pedaling power when being pedaled, and an estimation section to estimate aerodynamic drag information indicating an aerodynamic characteristic acting on the bicycle being ridden by the cyclist based on a computation result of mechanical analysis according to an equation of motion established for a direction of progress of the bicycle and using the velocity of the bicycle and the acceleration of the bicycle as obtained from a detection result together with the pedaling power as detected by the detection section.

Abstract: Joint torque is estimated for a joint of a cyclist using a simple configuration. A joint torque computation system (10) includes a joint torque computation device (12), a detection section (14), an input section (16), and an output section (18). The joint torque computation device (12) includes a data acquisition section (122), a torque estimation section (124), and a change estimation section (126). The joint torque computation device (12) employs load data representing load applied to a pedal, skeletal data, and structural data to compute a change of joint torque when a position of a saddle has been displaced, and to output the saddle position to the output section (18). The change estimation section (126) uses plural estimated joint torque changes to decide a saddle position enabling the cyclist to develop their maximum power.

Abstract: A golf ball capable of reducing the moment of inertial while reducing spin in a driver shot will be provided. To that end, a golf ball of the disclosure is a golf ball having a cover and, provided that Ib (g·cm2) represents the moment of inertia of the golf ball, ? (mm) represents deflection hardness corresponding to a deformation amount (mm) of the golf ball in a load direction from when an initial load of 10 kgf is applied to the golf ball to when a final load of 130 kgf is applied to the golf ball, and D represents Shore D hardness of the cover, a spin change amount predictive index ?S? represented by the following formula: ? ? ? S ? = ( ? D ) 2 ? 82 - I b 82 2 · 10 6 is at least 2.0.

Abstract: A contact state observation apparatus of golf ball can observe the contact phenomenon between a golf ball and a golf club which has been conventionally hidden and unobservable. The contact state observation apparatus of golf ball includes: launching means for launching a golf ball 10; an impact plate 20 with which the launched golf ball 10 impacts; and imaging means 30, provided opposite to the launching means across the impact plate 20, for shooting an image of the contact state between the golf ball 10 and the impact plate 20 at the time of impact of the golf ball 10. The impact plate 20 has, in a part where the golf ball 10 impacts, an observation hole 21 whose area is smaller than a contact area with the golf ball, and the imaging means 30 shoots the image of the contact state through the observation hole 21.

Abstract: It could be helpful to provide a golf club head, a golf club and a set of golf club and golf ball that can reliably reduce an amount of backspin of a golf ball; and a golf club performance evaluation method that can determine the amount of backspin imparted on a golf ball. A golf club head having a face on which a slip quantity of a golf ball when the golf ball and the face collide with each other is 0.55 mm or less is provided.

Abstract: A contact state observation apparatus of golf ball can observe the contact phenomenon between a golf ball and a golf club which has been conventionally hidden and unobservable. The contact state observation apparatus of golf ball includes: launching means for launching a golf ball 10; an impact plate 20 with which the launched golf ball 10 impacts; and imaging means 30, provided opposite to the launching means across the impact plate 20, for shooting an image of the contact state between the golf ball 10 and the impact plate 20 at the time of impact of the golf ball 10. The impact plate 20 has, in a part where the golf ball 10 impacts, an observation hole 21 whose area is smaller than a contact area with the golf ball, and the imaging means 30 shoots the image of the contact state through the observation hole 21.

Abstract: A rectifying element includes a first electrode having a first work function, a second electrode having a second work function larger than the first work function, and a semiconductor layer having a third work function that is a value between the first work function and the second work function, and joined to the first electrode and the second electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a method including the steps of: cooling exhaust gas to a given temperature by use of cold energy of liquefied natural gas; spraying water in a minute-ice generator having been cooled to a given temperature by use of the cold energy of the liquefied natural gas to generate minute ice; and introducing the minute ice and the cooled exhaust gas into a gas hydrate generator so as to cause the minute ice and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas to react with each other in the gas hydrate generator, thereby generating carbon dioxide hydrate.

Abstract: A process is provided which includes: bringing a natural gas, e.g., methane gas or propane gas, or a mixture of these gases into gas-liquid contact with raw-material water to form a gas hydrate; compression-molding the gas hydrate into pellets; and cooling/depressurizing the pellets. Also provided is an apparatus for use in the process. In the cooling/depressurizing step 4, molded gas hydrate masses h3 in a pressurized state are cooled and depressurized to a downstream-side pressure. In the cooling/depressurizing step 4, a receiving chamber 15 which accommodates the gas hydrate masses h3 obtained in the molding step 3 is provided, and the masses h3 are depressurized to the downstream-side pressure while passing through the receiving chamber 15. The masses h3 are introduced into and immersed in a liquid refrigerant r packed in the receiving chamber 15 so that the masses h3 are cooled by solid/liquid contacting with the liquid refrigerant r.

Abstract: Crystalline silicon particles of nanometer order usable as a semiconductor element are provided by a method for producing SiOx particles, comprising irradiating SiOx (X is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0) particles each including therein an amorphous silicon particle having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 nm with light, and preferably a laser beam, to produce SiOx (X is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0) particles each including therein a crystalline silicon particle having a particle diameter of 1 to 10 nm.

Abstract: A carrier has an impedance Z having a frequency dependence, obtained by alternating current impedance measurement. When the frequency dependence is fitted by a fitting function, parameter ? lies in a range of 0.70 to 0.90 in an electric field of 103 V/cm.

Abstract: A light-emitting device 100 has ITO transparent electrode layers 8, 10 used for applying drive voltage for light-emission to a light-emitting layer section 24, and is designed so as to extract light from the light-emitting layer section 24 through the ITO transparent electrode layers 8, 10. The light-emitting device 100 also has contact layers composed of In-containing GaAs, formed between the light-emitting layer section 24 and the ITO transparent electrode layers 8, 10, so as to contact with the ITO transparent electrode layers respectively. The contact layers 7, 9 are formed by annealing a stack 13 obtained by forming GaAs layers 7?, 9? on the light-emitting layer section, and by forming the ITO transparent electrode layers 8, 10 so as to contact with the GaAs layers 7?, 9?, to thereby allow In to diffuse from the ITO transparent electrode layers 8, 10 into the GaAs layers 7?, 9?.

Abstract: A fixing device configured to fix a toner image onto a recording medium includes a coil for generating a magnetic flux and a heat generation member for generating heat by the magnetic flux; the heat generation member includes a hollow cylinder shape, the coil has a loop-shaped coil disposed in a loop shape to sandwich inner and outer circumference planes of the heat generation member of the hollow cylinder shape, the loop-shaped coil is divided into an inside coil portion, which is positioned in the inner circumference plane side of the heat generation member, and an outside coil portion which is positioned in the outer circumference plane side of the heat generation member, and a terminal portion for connecting both of the coil portions is provided between the inside coil portion and the outside coil portion.

Abstract: Crystalline silicon particles of nanometer order usable as a semiconductor element are provided by a method for producing SiOx particles, comprising irradiating SiOx (X is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0) particles each including therein an amorphous silicon particle having a particle diameter of 0.5 to 5 nm with light, and preferably a laser beam, to produce SiOx (X is 0.5 or more and less than 2.0) particles each including therein a crystalline silicon particle having a particle diameter of 1 to 10 nm.

Abstract: A fixing device configured to fix a toner image onto a recording medium includes a coil for generating a magnetic flux and a heat generation member for generating heat by the magnetic flux; the heat generation member includes a hollow cylinder shape, the coil has a loop-shaped coil disposed in a loop shape to sandwich inner and outer circumference planes of the heat generation member of the hollow cylinder shape, the loop-shaped coil is divided into an inside coil portion, which is positioned in the inner circumference plane side of the heat generation member, and an outside coil portion which is positioned in the outer circumference plane side of the heat generation member, and a terminal portion for connecting both of the coil portions is provided between the inside coil portion and the outside coil portion

Abstract: In a light-emitting device, a light-emitting layer portion composed of a compound semiconductor is bonded on one main surface of a transparent conductive semiconductor substrate while placing a substrate-bonding conductive oxide layer composed of a conductive oxide in between. Between the light-emitting layer portion and the substrate-bonding conductive oxide layer, a contact layer for reducing junction resistance with the substrate-bonding conductive oxide layer so as to contact with the substrate-bonding conductive oxide layer. This is successful in providing the light-emitting device which is producible at low costs, has a low series resistance, and can attain a sufficient emission efficiency despite it has a thick current-spreading layer.

Abstract: A light emitting device having an oxide transparent electrode layer as an emission drive electrode, and designed so that damage possibly occurs during bonding of electrode wires to the bonding pads is less influential to a light emitting layer portion is disclosed. The light emitting device has the light emitting layer portion composed of a compound semiconductor and has a double heterostructure in which a first-conductivity-type cladding layer, an active layer and a second-conductivity-type cladding layer are stacked in this order; and the light emitting layer portion is applied with emission drive voltage through an oxide transparent electrode layer formed so as to cover the main surface of the second-conductivity-type cladding layer. A bonding pad composed of a metal is disposed on the oxide transparent electrode layer, and to the bonding pad an electrode wire for current supply is bonded.