Abstract: When spherical calcium carbonate is produced by blowing a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas into an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide to react them, after start of the reaction, an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof is added to the reaction mixture when carbonation ratio reaches 2 to 10%, and the reaction is further allowed to continue at a low gas blowing rate of 1.0 NL/minute or lower (step (a)). Subsequently, an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide and an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof are added to the reaction mixture, and a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas is introduced to allow to react and thereby produce spherical calcium carbonate having a mean particle diameter of 10 ?m or larger.

Abstract: In a control system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and mounted on a vehicle, in which the engine operation is switched based on the throttle opening between a full-cylinder operation in which all of the cylinders are operative and a cut-off cylinder operation in which some of the cylinders are inoperative, and a running control including at least a cruise control in which the vehicle runs at a desired vehicle velocity is conducted, the engine operation is switched to the full-cylinder operation when it is determined that deceleration is required in the running control, so as to increase pumping loss (engine loss). With this, it becomes possible to generate the deceleration sufficiently as desired, when, for example, the vehicle descends a downhill.

Abstract: Carbon dioxide containing gas is blown into a calcium hydroxide slurry having a calcium hydroxide concentration of 100 to 400 g/L obtained by wet slaking calcined lime with 4 N hydrochloric acid activity (value at 3 minutes) of 150 to 400 mL to allow them to react until the carbonation rate becomes 50 to 85%, then 1 to 20% by volume of the calcium hydroxide slurry is added, and carbon dioxide containing gas is further blown in to terminate the reaction. The calcium carbonate obtained by this method is precipitated calcium carbonate aggregates having a secondary particle diameter of 1 to 10 ?m and consisting of primary particles having a long diameter of 0.5 to 3.0 ?m, a short diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 ?m and an aspect ratio of less than 3, has superior characteristics due to a BET specific surface area in the range of 8 to 20 m2/g and a pore volume in the range of 1.5 to 3.5 cm3/g, can be uniformly dispersed in pulp fiber, and thereby can be used to manufacture high bulk paper.

Abstract: When spherical calcium carbonate is produced by blowing a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas into an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide to react them, after start of the reaction, an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof is added to the reaction mixture when carbonation ratio reaches 2 to 10%, and the reaction is further allowed to continue at a low gas blowing rate of 1.0 NL/minute or lower (step (a)). Subsequently, an aqueous suspension containing calcium hydroxide and an aqueous solution or suspension of a water-soluble phosphoric acid compound or a water-soluble salt thereof are added to the reaction mixture, and a carbon dioxide gas or a carbon dioxide-containing gas is introduced to allow to react and thereby produce spherical calcium carbonate having a mean particle diameter of 10 ?m or larger.

Abstract: A shaft part is coaxially provided within a pressure release port provided in a sealing plate sealed to an opening portion of a case for a condenser or a battery, a valve body closely fitted and fixed within the pressure release port has a seal lip which is directed toward the outside of a pressure container and is closely contacted with an outer peripheral surface of the shaft part with predetermined tensional force, and in the case that internal pressure of the case is increased more than a predetermined value, the seal lip is operated so as to open the valve, thereby releasing the internal pressure to the atmospheric air.

Abstract: A shaft part (20) is coaxially provided within a pressure release port (10) provided in a sealing plate (3) sealed to an opening portion of a case for a condenser or a battery, a valve body (30) closely fitted and fixed within the pressure release port (10) has a seal lip (33) which is directed toward the outside of a pressure container and is closely contacted with an outer peripheral surface of the shaft part (20) with predetermined tensional force, and in the case that internal pressure of the case is increased more than a predetermined value, the seal lip (33) is operated so as to open the valve, thereby releasing the internal pressure to the atmospheric air.

Abstract: In a control system for an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and mounted on a vehicle, in which the engine operation is switched based on the throttle opening between a full-cylinder operation in which all of the cylinders are operative and a cut-off cylinder operation in which some of the cylinders are inoperative, and a running control including at least a cruise control in which the vehicle runs at a desired vehicle velocity is conducted, the engine operation is switched to the full-cylinder operation when it is determined that deceleration is required in the running control, so as to increase pumping loss (engine loss). With this, it becomes possible to generate the deceleration sufficiently as desired, when, for example, the vehicle descends a downhill.

Abstract: An interference canceling device comprising a flat phase IF narrow band BPF. A signal which has been branched from a signal on the main line is filtered by the BPF and is recombined with the signal on the main line. Phase rotation caused by frequency separation from the pass band center frequency does not occur because the phase characteristics of the BPF are substantially flat in the pass band. Thus, interference existing not only in a pin-point frequency, but over a band of frequencies can be cancelled.

Abstract: A feed-forward amplifier and a controller thereof. Two types of second pilot signals, sum frequency and difference frequency of a base pilot signal and a local oscillation signal, are generated by an injection-side mixer and injected into a distortion detection loop. Part of a signal appearing at an output terminal is branched, converted in frequency by a detection-side mixer using the local oscillation signal, filtered by a narrow-band filter, input to a synchronizing detector with the filtered output of the filter as error signals, and synchronizing detected with reference to the base pilot signal so as to generate control signals for a distortion rejection loop. The spectrums of the second pilot signals may be spread. A process to cancel the input signal component at the detection side may be performed. A simple circuit configuration enhances the distortion component rejection and suppression effect and shortens the time required until an optimum control state is established.

Abstract: A latch circuit comprises a delaying inverter circuit 1 for inverting a clock signal CLK with a predetermined delay, a precharge circuit for precharging a first node A and a second node B of the latch circuit to a predetermined potential during a time period in which the clock signal is in a first logic level, a first amplifier circuit for providing a potential difference between the first node A and the second node B in response to an input signal DIN during a first time period in which the clock signal CLK and an output signal iCLK of the delaying inverter circuit are in a second logic level, a second amplifier circuit for amplifying the potential difference between the first node and the second node during a time period in which the clock signal is in the second logic level and a flip-flop circuit adapted to be set and reset according to the potentials at the first and second nodes.

Abstract: A feed-forward amplifier and a controller thereof. Two types of second pilot signals, sum frequency and difference frequency of a base pilot signal and a local oscillation signal, are generated by an injection-side mixer and injected into a distortion detection loop. Part of a signal appearing at an output terminal is branched, converted in frequency by a detection-side mixer using the local oscillation signal, filtered by a narrow-band filter, input to a synchronizing detector with the filtered output of the filter as error signals, and synchronizing detected with reference to the base pilot signal so as to generate control signals for a distortion rejection loop. The spectrums of the second pilot signals may be spread. A process to cancel the input signal component at the detection side may be performed. A simple circuit configuration enhances the distortion component rejection and suppression effect and shortens the time required until an optimum control state is established.

Abstract: The deterioration of receiving environment of a reflected signal from a preceding vehicle in an auto-cruise control is immediately detected, so that the distance between the vehicle and the preceding vehicle detected by a distance sensor comprising a laser radar, is maintained constant. On the basis of data of the magnitude of received signals, which are detected by the distance sensor and accumulated over a predetermined time, a standard deviation (or a dispersion) and an average value of the magnitude of the received signal are calculated. If the standard deviation is equal to or larger than a reference value or the average value is equal to or smaller than a reference value when the distance sensor has not detected a reflected signal, it is determined that the environment of reception of the reflected signal from the preceding vehicle has deteriorated, whereby the auto-cruise control is discontinued, or the deterioration of the receiving environment is informed to a driver by an informing device.

Abstract: An amplifier with feedforward loops for rejecting non-linear distortion and control circuitry for such amplifier and employing a distortion compensation method. A signal from a dominant path is input into a synchronizing detector via an ALC circuit as a reference signal. Using this reference signal, an error signal output from a distortion rejection loop is subjected to synchronizing detection. An offset voltage of a mixer inside the synchronizing detector can be prevented from varying due to change in local level. Outputs from synchronizing detectors are used for control to optimize corresponding loops. As a pilot signal for a distortion detection loop can be eliminated, undesirable spurious effects due to such a pilot signal is avoided. The acquisition time of each of the loops can be shortened because an optimizing control using a step-by-step procedure under CPU control can be eliminated.

Abstract: In an FET switch for controllably allowing and inhibiting passage of an input signal in ON state and OFF state, respectively, FETs are connected in a multi-stage configuration. A control voltage adjusting circuit is connected between a gate and one of a drain and a source of each FET. The control voltage adjusting circuit adjusts a gate-source voltage so as to follow the variation of a drain-source voltage. The input voltage applied to the FET switch in OFF state is divided by the plurality of FETs. Since the variation of the gate-source voltage follows the variation of the drain-source voltage, the FET switch is hardly influenced by an amplitude of the input signal.

Abstract: A plurality of holes 2, each of which permits insertion of a small-diameter of an article to be manufactured, are formed in a flexible metal retaining plate 1 having a thickness of about 100 micrometers. A pair of notches 3, 3 are formed in the internal periphery of each hole 2 so as to be opposite to each other, and a cantilever 4 is defined between a pair of the notches 3, 3. The small-diameter portion of the article to be manufactured is inserted into each hole 2, and the cantilevers 4 and the hole 2 are integrally fixed together by welding. A plurality of the articles to be manufactured retained by the retaining plate 1 are fed as a unit to a surface abrasion step, a film-forming step, and others. As a result, a plurality of sensor elements can be simultaneously manufactured.

Abstract: A composite longitudinal vibration mechanical filter for delivering out a supplied high-frequency signal in a predetermined frequency range includes a plurality of vibratable bodies including input and output longitudinal vibratable tuning bars with piezoelectric members superposed thereon, coupling elements by which the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars are coupled to each other, supporting elements projecting respectively from the input and output longitudinally vibratable tuning bars, and a holder to which the supporting elements are attached. At least one resonant frequency adjusting finger is disposed on at least one of the vibrational bodies. Grooves are defined in the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars at the same time that they are fabricated. The grooves extend in the direction in which the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars are longitudinally vibratable, and are shorter than the length of the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite longitudinal vibration mechanical filter that vibrates at a preselected central frequency in a high frequency range. The filter includes a plurality of vibratable bodies including input and output vibratable bodies each having respective piezoelectric members superposed thereon. Coupling elements couple the vibratable bodies to each other. Supporting elements project respectively from the input and output vibratable bodies. A holder is provided to which the supporting elements are attached. The method includes forming an integral body including the plurality of vibratable bodies, the coupling elements, the supporting elements, the holder and a vibration absorbing body holder for eliminating unnecessary vibrations.

Abstract: A composite longitudinal vibration mechanical filter for delivering out a supplied high-frequency signal in a predetermined frequency range includes a plurality of vibratable bodies including input and output longitudinal vibratable tuning bars with piezoelectric members superposed thereon, coupling elements by which the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars are coupled to each other, supporting elements projecting respectively from the input and output longitudinally vibratable tuning bars, and a holder to which the supporting elements are attached. At least one resonant frequency adjusting finger is disposed on at least one of the vibratable bodies. Grooves are defined in the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars at the same time that they are fabricated. The grooves extend in the direction in which the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars are longitudinally vibratable, and are shorter than the length of the longitudinally vibratable tuning bars.

Abstract: A delay detection circuit and a low-noise oscillation circuit using such a delay detection circuit. When the oscillation output of a VCO is to be supplied to two high frequency mixers, a .pi./2 phase shifter 24 in the front stage of one of the high frequency mixers gives a quadrature form. High frequency components are removed from the output voltage of the high frequency mixers by LPF. DC components are also removed from the output voltage of the high frequency mixers by HPF. The output voltages of low frequency mixers contain secondary phase noise components proportional to squared phase noise components and primary phase noise components proportional to the phase noise components and also depending on the delay time .tau. of a delay unit. When the output voltage of one of the low frequency mixers is subtracted from the output voltage of the other low frequency mixer, the secondary phase noise components are offset and the dependence on the delay time .tau.

Abstract: A class AB push-pull drive circuit has two NPN transistors Q.sub.1, Q.sub.2 and two PNP transistors Q.sub.3, Q.sub.4, the emitters of which are connected together. A constant voltage circuit maintains voltages between the bases of transistors Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.3 and between the bases of transistors Q.sub.2 and Q.sub.4 constant. A differential input voltage is applied across the bases of the transistors Q.sub.1 and Q.sub.2. The collector currents in the transistors Q.sub.1, Q.sub.3, Q.sub.2 and Q.sub.4 increase or decrease in an exponential and differential manner. When the collector currents are in their differential relationship, they are inverted and added to provide a class AB drive current and to increase the output amplitude. The symmetry can also be improved. Since any difference between signal amplification path lengths is eliminated, a differential phase between paths is less likely to be generated in the high-frequency region.