Abstract: The present invention provides that a gas discharge panel substrate assembly comprising: electrodes formed on a substrate, a dielectric layer covering the electrodes, and a protective layer covering the dielectric layer and in contact with a discharge space, wherein the protective layer includes MgO and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an Al compound, a Ti compound, a Y compound, a Zn compound, a Zr compound, a Ta compound and SiC.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, one or a plurality of partition walls adhering to the two substrates are provided in a region between the adhesive member for sealing the peripheral portions of the two substrates and a display region located inside the adhesive member so as to reduce stress applied to the liquid crystal substance. Even when stress is applied to the liquid crystal substance in the peripheral portion of the substrate, the stress is reduced by the partition wall and is not transmitted to the display region on the opposite side of the partition wall. Therefore, even when a crack occurs in the peripheral portion of the substrate due to the stress, the propagation of the crack is stopped by the partition wall, and the crack does not enter the display region.

Abstract: Although portions of electrodes in proximity to a driver IC are covered with an insulating film, part of the electrodes is not covered with the insulating film. Thus, this insulating film absent region functions as an external voltage supply region that receives, from the outside, application of a voltage which is different from an output voltage from a driving unit. When the alignment of the initial state is disarranged, an alignment process is performed by short-circuiting all electrodes of the driving unit and applying a voltage from the outside, through the external voltage supply region, whereby the alignment is restored to the initial state with the driving unit being mounted on a liquid crystal panel.

Abstract: When the applied voltages are 7 V and 5 V, a transmittance of equal to or more than 50% is obtained when conditions of |2Ps·A|?|7Clc·A| and |2Ps·A|?|5Clc·A | are satisfied among the magnitude Ps (nC/cm2) of the spontaneous polarization per unit area of the liquid crystal material, the electrode area A (cm2) of the pixels and the capacity of liquid crystal Clc (nF/cm2) per unit area, and a transmittance of equal to or more than 80% is obtained when conditions of |2Ps·A|?|4.5Clc·A| and |2Ps·A|?|3Clc·A| are satisfied thereamong. A sufficiently high transmittance is obtained without the provision of a storage capacitor.

Abstract: In a predetermined period (one frame or one subframe), a backlight is lit between the mid-point of primary data-writing scanning and the mid-point of secondary data-writing scanning for each of lighting regions of which the backlight is divided into four. When the time required for the data-writing scanning is 50% of the predetermined time, the ratio of the time the liquid crystal panel is in the transmission state to the time the backlight is lit (panel-on rate) is high at 93.8%. The ratio of the brightness gradient (luminance at the center of the display area/luminance at the edge of the display area) is low at 1.14 to one. If the backlight is divided into 10 and lit, the panel-on rate can be increased to 97.5%, and the ratio of the brightness gradient can be reduced to 1.05 to one.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising: a peripheral electrode 31 that is formed around the outside of a display region 1a on a liquid crystal panel 1 and that generates an orientation state that is equivalent to that of the display region 1a; and an inverted electrode 32 that is formed around the outside of the peripheral electrode 31 and that generates an orientation state that has polarity opposite to that of the display region 1a; wherein the peripheral electrode 31 and the inverted electrode 32 have bipectinate construction and are arranged on both sides of a non-oriented buffer region 33. Orientation defects that are generated in a seal are trapped inside the buffer region 33 due to the existence of the peripheral electrode 31 and inverted electrode 32 that have different growth directions, so the orientation defects do not intrude into the display region 1a.

Abstract: A liquid crystal panel has: a glass substrate with pixel electrodes that are arranged in a matrix shape, and TFTs that are connected to the pixel electrodes; and a glass substrate with an opposing electrode and color filters that are arranged in a matrix shape. A liquid crystal layer is formed in a space between an oriented film and oriented film by filling a ferroelectric liquid crystal into the space. When writing display data, and when deleting display data that has been written, a voltage, not including 0V, that becomes a voltage potential, or in other words, a voltage that is greater than a threshold voltage at which the optical characteristic of the filled ferroelectric liquid crystal changes is applied between the opposing electrode and pixel electrodes. An image is displayed over all gradation numbers, including the low-gradation side, and the display characteristic is improved.

Abstract: In each sub-frame, data writing scanning is performed twice continuously, and then data erasing scanning is performed twice continuously. The applied voltage in the data writing scanning and the applied voltage in the data erasing scanning are substantially equal in magnitude, but opposite in polarity. After a response of the liquid crystal by the first application of voltage, the cell charge decreases and the responsiveness of liquid crystal decreases. However, with the second application of voltage of the same polarity, charges corresponding to the applied voltage are stored again in the liquid crystal cell, and the liquid crystal responds again. A display of a greater number of grayscales than the number of output grayscales of a driver is achieved according to a combination of magnitude of voltages to be applied to the liquid crystal a plurality of times within each sub-frame.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, halftones are displayed by applying voltages to liquid crystal elements so that the transmittance of liquid crystals is changed. A plurality of gradation-reference-voltage-generation circuits are provided as sources for generating the voltages to be applied to the liquid crystals to realize display of the halftones. With this configuration, gradation-reference voltages for ? characteristics for display colors are generated, and furthermore, applied voltages for the display colors are generated on the basis of the generated gradation-reference voltages. This allows for gradation display for each of the display colors, resulting in excellent image display.

Abstract: A flat panel display includes a discharge space filled with discharge gas and a plurality of electrodes for generating discharge in the discharge space. Ferroelectric powder is disposed between the electrodes and the discharge space so that the ferroelectric powder contacts the discharge space.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device that carries out image display using multiple liquid crystal panels stacked, the average change in the direction of the optical axis due to the response of liquid crystal molecules with respect to the applied voltage, that is, the change in the direction of the long axis of the liquid crystal molecules with respect to the applied voltage, is made different among the liquid crystal panels. The desired brightness is attained at the overlaid portion of the liquid crystal panels.

Abstract: One frame is divided into three sub-frames of red, green and blue colors, and, in each sub-frame, the time (TA) necessary for writing scanning, the time (TC) necessary for erasing scanning, the time (TB) from the end timing of writing scanning to the start timing of erasing scanning, and the time (TD) from the end timing of erasing scanning to the start timing of writing scanning of the next color (the next sub-frame) are each 25% of the sub-frame. The relations TB+TC=TA+TD, and TB=TD are satisfied. A back-light is turned on during the time from the start timing of writing scanning to the end timing of erasing scanning, and is turned off during the time from the end timing of erasing scanning to the start timing of writing scanning of the next color. The ON time of the back-light is 75% of the sub-frame.

Abstract: Within one sub-frame or one frame, values of an application voltage of one polarity and an application voltage of the other polarity, and respective retention periods are different. The value of the application voltage of the polarity when dark displaying is carried out is set to be greater than the value of the application voltage of the polarity when bright displaying is carried out, and the retention period thereof is set to be shorter. When the value of the application voltage of the one polarity (the polarity when the bright displaying is carried out correspondingly to a display data) is assumed to be V1, the retention period thereof is assumed to be T1, the value of the application voltage of the other polarity (the polarity when the dark displaying is carried out) is assumed to be V2 and the retention period thereof is assumed to be T2, the value of (V1·T1)/(V2·T2) is set to be in a range between 0.7 and 1.3 and preferably set to be in a range between 0.9 and 1.1.

Abstract: The present invention is a liquid crystal display device having: a TFT for controlling a voltage application, correspondingly to each of a plurality of pixels; and a capacitor (storage capacitor) connected to the TFT, and after a voltage corresponding to a pixel data is applied to each pixel, one potential of the capacitor (storage capacitor) is changed. One terminal of the capacitor (storage capacitor) on an N-th line is connected to a gate line of the TFT on an (N-1)-th line. After a gate of the TFT on the N-th line is turned off, a gate voltage on the (N-1)-th line is changed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization, and provides the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal (monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization) showing a phase sequence, either isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-chiral smectic C phase, isotropic liquid phase-chiral nematic phase-chiral smectic C phase, or isotropic liquid phase-cholesteric phase-smectic A phase-chiral smectic C phase, from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, is sandwiched between two glass substrates having transparent electrodes and alignment films whose pretilt angle is not more than 2° and rubbing directions are parallel.

Abstract: The present invention provides a manufacturing method of a liquid crystal display device capable of achieving uniform alignment of monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization, and provides the liquid crystal display device. The liquid crystal (monostable ferroelectric liquid crystal having spontaneous polarization) showing a phase sequence, either isotropic liquid phase—cholesteric phase—chiral smectic C phase, isotropic liquid phase—chiral nematic phase—chiral smectic C phase, or isotropic liquid phase—cholesteric phase—smectic A phase—chiral smectic C phase, from a high temperature side to a low temperature side, is sandwiched between two glass substrates having transparent electrodes and alignment films whose pretilt angle is not more than 2° and rubbing directions are parallel.

Abstract: A voltage corresponding to desired image data is applied to a ferroelectric liquid crystal having a spontaneous polarization at a predetermined cycle to rewrite the displayed image (period A), and then, all voltages applied to the ferroelectric liquid crystal are removed (timing C) to retain the displayed image before the removal (period B). A gate selection period (voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal) t2 before stopping the voltage application is set longer than a gate selection period (voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal) t1 in the normal display. Increasing the voltage application period to the ferroelectric liquid crystal provides a sufficient response of the liquid crystal during the gate selection period, thereby realizing high memory ability.

Abstract: A color display is performed by carrying out a switching between a first driving system in which the OFF timing of a light source and the end timing of a data scanning agree with each other and a second driving system in which the OFF timing of a light source and the end timing of a data scanning do not agree with each other. In case where a response time of a liquid crystal from a transmission state to a light-shielding state is sufficiently short, a color display is performed by using the first driving system to decrease a light-emitting time of a light source. On the other hand, in case where the response time of the liquid crystal from the transmission state to the light-shielding state is increased, a color display is performed by using the second driving system.

Abstract: A field-emission cathode having an emitter provided with a substrate, an emitter electrode layer, an insulating layer, a gate electrode layer, the layers being formed on the substrate in this order, needlelike projections for electron emission provided on the emitter electrode layer in a gate opening from which the insulating layer and the gate electrode layer are removed and each grown from one point in a given direction, and different projections for electron emission formed on all or part of the projections. The projections of the emitter are made of metallic particles, and thereby the manufacturing cost is lowered.

Abstract: Color display is performed by adding data of a predetermined level to pixel data of each emission color inputted according to an image to be displayed and synchronizing an input of summed pixel data obtained by the addition with light emission timing of each of emission colors (R, G, B) from a back-light. Switching is performed between color display based on such summed pixel data and color display based on the original pixel data, according to ambient illuminance measured. Moreover, the predetermined level to be added is suitably selected based on ambient illuminace.