Abstract: An electrophoresis device includes: a plurality of electrophoretic particles included in insulating liquid and configured of a first particle and a second particle, in which the first particle and the second particle have respective charging characteristics that are different from each other; and a porous layer included in the insulating liquid and formed of a fibrous structure.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes an image reading member disposed in one of two regions that face each other with a transport path of a document therebetween, the image reading member being used for reading an image on the document, the image reading member including a light-receiving portion, a light-collecting member that collects reflected light reflected from the document onto the light-receiving portion, and a protruding portion that protrudes toward the transport path; and an opposing member disposed in the other of the two regions, the opposing member having a recess formed therein, the recess allowing the protruding portion of the image reading member to enter thereinto, the opposing member being disposed opposite the image reading member with the transport path therebetween.

Abstract: There are provided an electrophoresis device and a display unit which are capable of realizing high contrast. The electrophoresis device includes a plurality of electrophoretic particles and a porous layer that are contained in an insulating liquid, the porous layer being formed using a fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. An average particle size of the electrophoretic particles is equal to or less than one-fifth of an average pore size of the porous layer.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: in an insulating liquid, a plurality of electrophoretic particles; and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure, the fibrous structure including a plurality of non-migrating particles. The fibrous structure is configured of superposed fibers extending in an identical direction or different directions, and includes a cross-linking section in which the fibers are linked to each other in part or all of contact points between the fibers.

Abstract: A lighting device (10) includes a light source (22) that includes at least one LED element and a module (12) including a substrate (23) on that the light source (22) is mounted, and a holder (15) in that at least a part of the module (12) is arranged and held. The holder (15) includes a cylindrical portion (19) that includes a stepped portion (20) and a flange (21) of a heat conductor (18) extending from an outer peripheral edge of the stepped portion on that the substrate (23) is arranged, and the holder includes an insulation layer (16) that covers at least outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical portion (19).

Abstract: A liquid crystal material in which liquid crystal molecules have uniform alignment state is provided. A liquid crystal layer containing a liquid crystal material is included between a TFT array substrate and an opposed substrate. The liquid crystal material has a phase system continuously showing an isotropic phase, a nematic phase, and a smectic ‘A’ phase in this order as temperature changes from higher state to lower state and shows electroclinic effect in the smectic ‘A’ phase. As the liquid crystal material is heated (temperature is increased), the nematic phase is shown after the smectic ‘A’ phase without other phase in between, and the isotropic phase is shown after the nematic phase without other phase in between. Since the alignment state of the liquid crystal molecules becomes uniform, the transmittance is precisely controlled.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: Fine particles for image display having excellent properties and displaying images in black on the basis of electrophoresis are provided. Fine particles for image display are dispersed (suspended) in an electrophoretic dispersion liquid sealed between two opposing substrates and contain porous carbon materials having values of specific surface area determined by the nitrogen BET method of not less than 100 m2/g and pore volume determined by the MP method of not less than 0.1 cm3/g or those having values of specific surface area determined by the nitrogen BET method of not less than 100 m2/g and at least one peak at not more than 10 nm in pore size distribution obtained by the non-localized density functional theory method.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an electrophoretic particle, a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle, and a pair of electrodes arranged with the porous layer in between. The porous layer is adjacent to one or both of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle; and a dividing wall adjacent to the porous layer. The electrophoretic particle, the porous layer, and the dividing wall are in an insulating liquid. Volume resistivity of the fibrous structure is larger than volume resistivity of the insulating liquid, and volume resistivity of the dividing wall is larger than the volume resistivity of the insulating liquid.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: A document feeder includes: a conveyance unit that separates one document from among documents placed on a document tray, and conveys the document; a first width-determining unit that determines a width of one of the documents; a second width-determining unit that determines a width of the conveyed document; a first length-determining unit that determines a length of one of the documents; a second length-determining unit that determines a length of the conveyed document; and a controller that if an inconsistency occurs between the width determined by the first width-determining unit and the width determined by the second width-determining unit, causes a display unit to display an operation guide including first content, and if an inconsistency occurs between the length determined by the first length-determining unit and the length determined by the second length-determining unit, causes the display unit to display an operation guide including second content.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an electrophoretic particle, a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle, and a pair of electrodes arranged with the porous layer in between. The porous layer is adjacent to one or both of the pair of electrodes.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-electrophoretic particle having optical reflection characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle; and a dividing wall adjacent to the porous layer. The electrophoretic particle, the porous layer, and the dividing wall are in an insulating liquid. Volume resistivity of the fibrous structure is larger than volume resistivity of the insulating liquid, and volume resistivity of the dividing wall is larger than the volume resistivity of the insulating liquid.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes an electrophoretic particle, and a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure having a non-electrophoretic particle with different optical reflection characteristics from optical reflection characteristics of the electrophoretic particle. A difference ?1(=A?B) between a solubility parameter value A of the fibrous structure and a solubility parameter value B of a particle surface of the electrophoretic particle is 2 or more and 5.2 or less.

Abstract: An electrophoretic element includes: an electrophoretic particle; a porous layer formed of a fibrous structure containing a non-migrating particle having optical reflective characteristics different from those of the electrophoretic particle and having a plurality of pores; and a partition that is partially adjacent to the porous layer and defines a space for accommodating the electrophoretic particle. An area rate of the pores per unit area of the porous layer is small in an adjacent region where the partition is adjacent to the porous layer compared with in a non-adjacent region where the partition is not adjacent to the porous layer.

Abstract: An image reading apparatus includes an image reading member disposed in one of two regions that face each other with a transport path of a document therebetween, the image reading member being used for reading an image on the document, the image reading member including a light-receiving portion, a light-collecting member that collects reflected light reflected from the document onto the light-receiving portion, and a protruding portion that protrudes toward the transport path; and an opposing member disposed in the other of the two regions, the opposing member having a recess formed therein, the recess allowing the protruding portion of the image reading member to enter thereinto, the opposing member being disposed opposite the image reading member with the transport path therebetween.

Abstract: A light-emitting module of the present invention comprises: a light source in which an LED element is disposed on a substrate and electrodes electrically connected to the LED element are provided on the substrate; a metal plate on which the light source is disposed; lead wires connected to the electrodes directly or via other electrode pattern; and a housing made of resin fixed onto the metal plate and housing the light source therein. Moreover, the housing includes a hole opening above the light source, and includes at least one pair of protrusions that protrude facing one another inside the hole and apply a bias to the light source to press the light source onto a metal plate side.

Abstract: An electrophoretic device includes an insulating liquid, an electrophoretic particle in the insulating liquid, and a porous layer in the insulating liquid. The porous layer includes a fibrous structure that includes a non-electrophoretic particle having an optical reflective property different from that of the electrophoretic particle.

Abstract: The present invention provides a transporting device that includes: a transport unit that transports a document placed on a document tray; a detector that detects the width of the document placed on the document tray; a controller that controls the transport unit to transport the document when the width of the document detected by the detector is a predetermined definite size, and prohibits the transport unit from transporting the document when the width of the document detected by the detector is a predetermined size that is different from the definite size; and a cancellation unit that cancels the prohibition on the document transportation imposed by the controller.