Abstract: A cylinder apparatus includes a base plate, a piston fixed to the base plate and having a piston head and a piston rod connected thereto, a cylinder body having a cylinder chamber defined on one side of the piston head and a cylinder chamber defined on another side of the piston head around the piston rod, the cylinder body being supported for reciprocating movement with respect to the base plate in axial directions of the piston, an upper plate fixed to the cylinder body, and a bushing held in slidable contact with an outer circumferential wall surface of the cylinder body for guiding the reciprocating movement of the cylinder body.

Abstract: A cylinder apparatus includes a base plate, a piston fixed to the base plate and having a piston head and a piston rod connected thereto, a cylinder body having a cylinder chamber defined on one side of the piston head and a cylinder chamber defined on another side of the piston head around the piston rod, the cylinder body being supported for reciprocating movement with respect to the base plate in axial directions of the piston, an upper plate fixed to the cylinder body, and a bushing held in slidable contact with an outer circumferential wall surface of the cylinder body for guiding the reciprocating movement of the cylinder body.

Abstract: A clamping member fastenable to a bolt, wherein the clamping member includes a bowl-shaped main body having a bolt-inserting opening formed through a bottom center portion thereof. A leaf spring clip is embedded integratedly in the bottom center portion of the bowl-shaped main body. The leaf spring clip includes a plurality of spring claws extending from a periphery of the bolt-inserting opening toward a center of the bolt-inserting opening in an oblique and upward direction. The plurality of spring claws are engagable with a bolt and fasten the clamping member to the bolt responsive to a direct pushing action of the main body of the clamping member over the bolt with the bolt passing through the bolt-inserting opening, without requiring any tools or rotating action of the clamping member relative to the bolt.

Abstract: A bundle of pitch-based carbon fibers which is composed of 1000 to 100,000 continuous fiber filaments having an average diameter of 4 to 8 .mu.m, a filament tensile strength of at least 3.0 GPa, and a modulus of at least 600 GPa, and also a method for producing a fine diameter pitch-based carbon fiber wherein use is made of a spinning nozzle with a single nozzle plate which has at least 1000 capillary holes, has the capillaries arranged concentrically and circularly in 3 to 20 rows, has the capillaries positioned to be divided into at least two blocks, has a columnar projection protruding at least 20 mm from the surface of the nozzle plate at the center of the nozzle plate, and has capillaries of a diameter of 50 to 110 .mu.m.