Abstract: An image-pickup display device includes an optical system which guides lights from a display element 1 to an exit pupil 3 and from an external to an image-pickup element 2. The optical system includes an optical element 10 which is filled with a medium having a refractive index larger than 1. The optical element includes a first surface 7 at an external side and includes a diffraction element portion 13. The optical system guides the light from the display element to the exit pupil via reflection on a second surface 5 and the first surface and via transmission on the second surface, and diffracts the light from the external in the diffraction element portion to be transmitted through the first surface to enter the optical element, and is reflected on the second surface to be transmitted through a third surface 5 to be guided to the image-pickup element.

Abstract: It is determined whether or not an in-cylinder-injecting fuel injection valve enters an excessive injection state, by comparing a planned demanded in-cylinder injection amount Fdio and a minimum fuel injection amount Fmin. If Fdio<Fmin is determined, the fuel injection from the in-cylinder-injecting fuel injection valve is prohibited, and the fuel injection of the amount that is prohibited is carried out through the in-intake passageway fuel injection performed by the intake port-injecting fuel injection valve. This realizes more accurate amount of fuel injection. Therefore, even during an excessively high pressure state of fuel, for example, at the time of high-temperature dead soak or the like, excessive fuel injection is not performed, so that rich shift of the air/fuel ratio can be restrained. In consequent, deterioration of emissions can be prevented.

Abstract: In a rotary electric machine, for enhancing the reliability and reducing the size thereof, the rotary electric machine comprises a stator, and a rotor opposed to the stator and adapted to be rotated around a shaft, the rotor having an iron core formed therein with a plurality of axial holes formed in the iron core, a plurality of conductor bars inserted respectively in the holes, and end rings provided at the end parts of the conductor bars, wherein the outer peripheral parts of the end rings are electrically and mechanically joined to the conductor bars through friction stir welding, and the one end part of the conductor bar is axially projected from the end ring. With this configuration, it is possible to enhance the capability of heat radiation from the rotary electric machine and to enhance the design freedom of component parts around the stator and the rotor.

Abstract: The image display apparatus includes first and second display elements respectively displaying first and second original images, and an optical system presenting an enlarged combined image of the first and second original images with first and second light fluxes from the first and second display elements. The optical system includes at least one reflective surface. When a cross-section of the optical system on which optical paths of the first and second light fluxes are turned by reflections at the reflective surface is defined as a decentering cross-section, the first and second original images correspond to different view angles in the decentering cross-section. Light flux components respectively included in the first and second light fluxes and introduced to a same image point in the enlarged combined image are overlapped with each other on an exit pupil plane.

Abstract: In applying a non-graphite-based lubricant composed of, by mass %, 10 to 70% of an oxide-based lamellar compound and 30 to 90% of boric acid onto a mandrel bar, the lubricant film thickness is set from a predetermined master curve for the lubricant film thickness corresponding to an amount of mica. This stably produces a seamless steel pipe of high quality, while preventing seizing marks and internal flaws.

Abstract: The observation optical system introduces light from a first display element and light from a second display element to an exit pupil to present an enlarged combined image of first and second original images. The optical system includes a first optical element allowing the light from the first display element to enter thereinto, a second optical element allowing the light from the second display element to enter thereinto, and a third optical element. The optical system introduces a first light component from a first display area in the second display element to the exit pupil through the second optical element and at least the first optical element, and introduces a second light component from a second display area in the second display element to the exit pupil through the second and third optical elements, not through the first optical element.

Abstract: The image display apparatus includes first and second display elements respectively displaying first and second original images, and an optical system presenting an enlarged combined image of the first and second original images with first and second light fluxes from the first and second display elements. The optical system includes at least one reflective surface. When a cross-section of the optical system on which optical paths of the first and second light fluxes are turned by reflections at the reflective surface is defined as a decentering cross-section, the first and second original images correspond to different view angles in the decentering cross-section. Light flux components respectively included in the first and second light fluxes and introduced to a same image point in the enlarged combined image are overlapped with each other on an exit pupil plane.

Abstract: There is provided a lubricant for hot plastic working, which contains 20 to 40 mass % of iron oxide and 10 to 30 mass % of sodium silicate, wherein impurities are 3 mass % or less, and the lubricant contains 40 to 60 mass % of water. By virtue of combined action of these components, the lubricant exhibits excellent lubricity and suppliability and does not adversely affect the corrosion resistance of product. The lubricant is suitably used for lubricating a guide shoe in piercing-rolling, for example, a high-Cr steel and achieves a great effect of preventing a seizure flaw from occurring on the outer surface of product by being applied directly to the outer surface of a workpiece just before piercing rolling, preferably, within one second before starting piercing rolling.

Abstract: A membrane element in which, after membrane breakage or deterioration, the filtration plate made of a thermoplastic resin can be reused to replace the membrane with a fresh one. The membrane element comprises a filtration plate made of a thermoplastic resin and, bonded to a peripheral smooth surface thereof, a microporous filter membrane which has fine pores formed therein and employs a nonwoven fabric comprising synthetic resin fibers as a support. A hot plate having a shape corresponding to the peripheral shape of the resinous filtration plate is brought into contact with a peripheral smooth surface of the plate so as to form a recessed part in the surface. The temperature of the hot plate is regulated so as to be not higher than the melting point of the nonwoven fabric serving as the support and not lower than the Vicat softening temperature of the filtration plate made of a thermoplastic resin.

Abstract: The image display apparatus includes an observation optical system including first and second optical elements which respectively introducing first and second light fluxes from first and second image-forming elements to first and second exit pupils, and a relay optical system. The relay optical system causes third and fourth light fluxes from the second and first image-forming elements to form intermediate images and introducing them to the first and second optical elements. The observation optical system displays images corresponding to the first and second original images in mutually different viewing angle areas by introducing the first and third light fluxes to the first exit pupil through the first optical element, and displays images corresponding to the second and first original images in mutually different viewing angle areas by introducing the second and fourth light fluxes to the second exit pupil through the second optical element.

Abstract: The image display apparatus forms first and second images in mutually different viewing angle areas to display a combined (joined) image. The apparatus includes first and second image-forming elements respectively forming first and second original images, a first optical system reflecting a first light flux from the first image-forming element at least twice to introduce the first light flux to an exit pupil, and a second optical system reflecting a second light flux from the second image-forming element at least twice to introduce the second light flux to the first optical system. The first optical system introduces the first light flux and the second light flux from the second optical system to the exit pupil such that the first and second images respectively corresponding to the first and second original images are formed in the mutually different viewing angle areas in a first cross section.

Abstract: An interface circuit includes: a first transmitting section transmitting a first signal as an in-phase signal to an external device through a transmission path; and a second transmitting section transmitting a clock signal, which is synchronized with the first signal to be transmitted by the first transmitting section, as a differential signal to the external device through the transmission path.

Abstract: In applying a non-graphite-based lubricant composed of, by mass %, 10 to 70% of an oxide-based lamellar compound and 30 to 90% of boric acid onto a mandrel bar, the lubricant film thickness is set from a predetermined master curve for the lubricant film thickness corresponding to an amount of mica. This stably produces a seamless steel pipe of high quality, while preventing seizing marks and internal flaws.

Abstract: The image observation apparatus includes a first image-forming element and a second image-forming element each of which forms an original image, and an optical system configured to introduce light fluxes from the first and second image-forming elements to an exit pupil position of the optical system where an eye of an observer is placed. The optical system includes an optical surface as a single surface that reflects the light flux from the first image-forming element and transmits the light flux from the second image-forming element. The first image-forming element and the second image-forming element respectively form a first original image and a second original image that correspond to different viewing fields from the exit pupil position. The apparatus combines plural original images to enable observation of one combined image and that can suppress generation of light scattering.

Abstract: The image observation apparatus includes a first image-forming element and a second image-forming element each of which forms an original image, and an optical system configured to introduce light fluxes from the first and second image-forming elements to an exit pupil position of the optical system where an eye of an observer is placed. The optical system includes an optical surface as a single surface that reflects the light flux from the first image-forming element and transmits the light flux from the second image-forming element. The first image-forming element and the second image-forming element respectively form a first original image and a second original image that correspond to different viewing fields from the exit pupil position. The apparatus combines plural original images to enable observation of one combined image and that can suppress generation of light scattering.

Abstract: Provided is an image pickup optical system capable of performing focusing in a wide region without a large increase in tilt angle in the case where an image of an object is picked up from a low angle. The image pickup optical system includes a first optical system and a second optical system, for enlarging an image formed by the first optical system and forming the enlarged image. A principal plane of the first optical system is tilted relative to an image plane of the second optical system.

Abstract: The seat belt device includes a first unit, a second unit, seat belt webbing, a spindle, a first pretensioner, a second pretensioner, and a controller. The first unit determines a possible collision of an automobile in response to a manipulation of the automobile by a driver. The second unit detects the collision of the automobile. The first pretensioner has a motor to rotate in response to a signal indicative of the possible collision determined by the first unit. The second pretensioner is pyrotechnically driven to rotate in response to a signal indicative of the collision detected by the second unit. The controller is configured to cancel an operation of the first pretensioner after an activation of the second pretensioner. The first pretensioner includes a limiter for restricting the motor from transmitting a driving force to the spindle exceeding a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: To provide a lubricant for hot plastic working which is excellent in lubricating properties, feedability and operability and will produce no adverse affects on the corrosion resistance of the products. A lubricant for hot plastic working which is characterized in that the composition is comprised of, in an anhydrous condition, 50 to 80% by mass of iron oxide, 20 to 50% by mass of sodium silicate and 1 to 20% by mass of calcium oxide and that the total content of the impurities of zinc oxide, lead oxide and copper oxide is not higher than 5% by mass, where the content of the stabilizer is not counted. This lubricant is suited for use in lubricating guide shoes in piercing-rolling of high-Cr steel species.

Abstract: An image display apparatus includes plural image forming devices and an observation optical system that includes at least a first optical system configured to fold in a first section a luminous flux from a first image forming device by using a plurality of reflective surfaces and to guide the luminous flux from the first image forming device to the exit pupil, and a second optical system configured to fold in a second section a luminous flux from a second image forming device by using a plurality of reflective surfaces and to guide the luminous flux from the second image forming device to the exit pupil, wherein the first section intersects the second section on an axis that directs from one point in the exit pupil to one point in the observation field.

Abstract: The image display apparatus includes an image-forming element configured to form an original image, a first optical element configured to reflect a light flux from the image-forming element sequentially by plural reflective surfaces to cause the light flux to emerge from the first optical element, and an optical system configured to introduce the light flux from the first optical element to an exit pupil of the optical system. The optical system includes a diffractive optical element. In the optical system, a first portion closer to the exit pupil than the diffractive optical element has a negative optical power. No decentered surface having an optical power is provided between the diffractive optical element and the exit pupil.