Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator comprises a pair of spring acting in opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element. The armature is connected to the springs and held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller includes voltage application means for applying voltage to an electromagnet providing one end position for a first predetermined period so as to attract the armature to the end position. The controller also includes a peak current detector for detecting the peak of current flowing through the electromagnet in the first predetermined period. In accordance with the peak value, a decision means decides the application period of voltage that is to be applied to the electromagnet after the first application period has elapsed.

Abstract: A simulation coverage calculating apparatus is provided for calculating a simulation coverage for a complete verification. The apparatus includes a first input unit, a second input unit, an effective test pattern calculating unit, a coverage ratio calculating unit, and an output unit. The first input unit reads a property that represents effective test patterns to a logic circuit to be verified. The effective test pattern calculating unit calculates the effective test patterns based on the property. The second input unit reads the test patterns entered and executed by a verifier. The coverage ratio calculating unit calculates a coverage ratio from a ratio of the number of the test patterns matched to the effective test patterns to the number of all of the effective test patterns. The output unit outputs the calculated coverage ratio.

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator is provided that enables detection of a minute movement of the armature leaving the seating position and carries out pullback operation responsive to such detection. The electromagnetic actuator has a pair of springs acting on opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element such as a exhaust/intake valve of an automobile engine. The armature is held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller having current supplying means for supplying holding current to the electromagnet corresponding to one of the end positions when holding the armature in said one of the end positions.

Abstract: It is found out that compounds represented by the formula (I): 1

Abstract: Displacement of a mechanical element is accurately detected by a simple and inexpensive structure. To provide displacement detecting device including: a mechanical element capable of being displaced; a magnet connected to the mechanical element and magnetized in displacement direction of the mechanical element; and a magnetic sensor for detecting a magnetic flux generated by the magnet and outputting a sensor output corresponding to a detected magnetic-flux value, so as to detect displacement of the mechanical element in accordance with the sensor output. In one embodiment, a Hall element is used as the magnetic sensor and the magnet longer than distance of movement of the mechanical element is used. Thus, an output having a linear relation with displacement of the mechanical element is obtained, and detection of the displacement is easily implemented. The displacement detecting device can be applied to an actuator of intake/exhaust valves of an engine.

Abstract: A valve timing control system for an internal combustion engine is provided which is capable of ensuring reliable holding of a valve by an actuator, and attaining energy saving by efficient operation of the actuator. The valve timing control system controls valve-closing timing of a valve opened by a cam provided on a camshaft, by temporarily holding the valve. A response delay of the actuator is predicted as a response delay prediction value. Output timing is set in which a drive signal for driving the actuator is output, according to the predicted response delay prediction value. Holding timing is controlled in which the valve is held by the actuator, by outputting the drive signal to the actuator, based on the set output timing.

Abstract: A humidity sensor is disposed near an HC adsorbent in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. After the internal combustion engine is shut off, it is detected whether the humidity sensor has failed or not based on the value of the humidity detected by the humidity sensor when the detected value of the humidity is substantially constant, by determining the detected value of the humidity falls in a range between upper and lower limit thresholds that are set depending on the temperature near the HC adsorbent. It is stably and easily detected whether the humidity sensor disposed near the HC adsorbent in the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine has failed or not.

Abstract: In an exhaust gas valve device in an internal combustion engine, including a first bearing member mounted between a valve shaft and a valve body with one end of the valve shaft turnably fitted into the first bearing member, a second bearing member mounted between the valve shaft and the valve body with the other end of the valve shaft turnably passed through the second bearing member, and an actuator connected to the other end of the valve shaft protruding from the second bearing member, The valve body, the valve shaft and the first and second bearing members are formed of metal materials having equivalent thermal expansion coefficients; the first and second bearing members are press-fitted into said valve body; and a skin of a graphite-based solid lubricant is formed on a surface of the valve shaft 46 in regions corresponding to the first and second bearing members.

Abstract: An exhaust gas purification system of internal combustion engine having a branch pipe coupled to the exhaust pipe through a flange and having a first cylindrical case constituting a bypass exhaust gas passage and a second cylindrical case constituting a main exhaust gas passage, whose flow are switched by a switch-over valve by selectively connecting the exhaust pipe to the main exhaust gas passage or the bypass exhaust gas passage, and an adsorbent installed in the bypass exhaust gas passage for adsorbing unburned components of the exhaust gas. The unburned exhaust gas components are recirculated to the air intake system through an EGR pipe. In the system, an inlet of the EGR pipe is formed integrally with the branch pipe flange, thereby enabling to prevent increase in fabrication step and cost and further to facilitate maintenance. Moreover, the first cylindrical case is made displace relative to the second cylindrical case.

Abstract: An adsorbent deterioration determining apparatus can accurately determine a deterioration of an adsorbent in a relatively simple configuration. The adsorbent deterioration determining apparatus determines a deterioration of an adsorbent arranged in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine for purifying exhaust gases. The adsorbent is capable of adsorbing hydrocarbons and moisture in exhaust gases. The adsorbent deterioration determining apparatus comprises a humidity sensor arranged at a location downstream of the adsorbent in the exhaust system for detecting the humidity of exhaust gases, and an ECU for determining a deterioration of the adsorbent in accordance with a detected output of the humidity sensor at the time a predetermined time has elapsed from a start of the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: Pseudo-positive data can be reduced by incubating a solution containing an enzyme in the absence of a test substance and a substrate of the enzyme.

Abstract: A plurality of input signals to be input to a logic circuit, a verification object, is ranked depending on the degrees of influence the input signals have when vary on operation of the logic circuit. Verification is performed with a free pattern including all possible input patterns given to the input signals sequentially in descending order of the degree of influence. That is, the input patterns are sequentially generated according to preset conditions (the degrees of influence). Therefore, even when forced termination of the formal verification occurs due to insufficient memory of a verification apparatus, the obtained verification results can be kept based on the degrees of influence. This allows easy analysis on the causes of the forced termination, and improvement in verification efficiency. It is possible to estimate the time taken for the completion of the entire verification and the required memory capacity of the verification apparatus.

Abstract: The invention provides an electromagnetic driving valve of an internal combustion engine provided with a significantly compact shock absorbing means which can reduce an impact sound and a vibration in a contact portion between a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft and reduce an impact sound and a vibration generated at a time when a valve portion sits on an intake and exhaust port at a time of closing a valve. A shock absorbing means (27) is provided between a first transmission shaft (14a) extended upward from a valve portion (3) and a second transmission shaft (14b) extended on the same axis thereof and supporting a movable plate (7) between a pair of electromagnets (5, 6).

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator comprises a pair of spring acting in opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element. The armature is connected to the springs and held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller includes voltage application means for applying voltage to an electromagnet providing one end position for a first predetermined period so as to attract the armature to the end position. The controller also includes a peak current detector for detecting the peak of current flowing through the electromagnet in the first predetermined period. In accordance with the peak value, a decision means decides the application period of voltage that is to be applied to the electromagnet after the first application period has elapsed.

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator comprises a pair of springs acting on opposite directions, and an armature connected to the springs. The armature is held in a neutral position given by the springs when the armature is not activated. The actuator also comprises a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. In response to a release of the armature held in one of the end positions, the controller applies brake to the armature according to a load condition of the armature. In high-load conditions, the valve can surely be opened without additional electric power. In low-load conditions, the armature is prevented from colliding with a yoke of the electromagnet. The application of brake includes over-excitation operation, flywheel operation and suspension of power supply. In the over-excitation operation, voltage is applied to the electromagnet corresponding to one of the end positions from which the armature is released for a first period.

Abstract: A core of a solenoid actuator is provided which is improved in durability, and at the same time ensures high energy efficiency of the solenoid actuator. The core of the solenoid actuator attracts an armature during operation of the solenoid actuator. A plurality of core plates are formed of a magnetically soft material and laminated in a predetermined direction orthogonal to a direction of attracting the armature to form a laminated stack. The core plates form magnetic circuits between the armature and the core plates themselves during the operation of the solenoid actuator. Two core holders formed of a non-magnetic material sandwiches the laminated stack of the plurality of core plates from opposite sides along the predetermined direction. The plurality of core plates are each coated with insulating film, which insulate adjacent two core plates from each other.

Abstract: A controller for an electromagnetic actuator is provided that enables detection of a minute movement of the armature leaving the seating position and carries out pullback operation responsive to such detection. The electromagnetic actuator has a pair of springs acting on opposite directions, and an armature coupled to a mechanical element such as a exhaust/intake valve of an automobile engine. The armature is held in a neutral position given by the springs when the actuator is not activated. The actuator includes a pair of electromagnets for driving the armature between two end positions. The controller comprises current supplying means for supplying holding current to the electromagnet corresponding to one of the end positions when holding the armature in said one of the end positions.

Abstract: The invention provides an electromagnetic driving valve of an internal combustion engine provided with a significantly compact shock absorbing means which can reduce an impact sound and a vibration in a contact portion between a first transmission shaft and a second transmission shaft and reduce an impact sound and a vibration generated at a time when a valve portion sits on an intake and exhaust port at a time of closing a valve. A shock absorbing means (27) is provided between a first transmission shaft (4a) extended upward from a valve portion (3) and a second transmission shaft (4b) extended on the same axis thereof and supporting a movable plate (7) between a pair of electromagnets (5, 6).

Abstract: In an alternate energization process for alternately energizing a valve closing electromagnet and a valve opening electromagnet periodically, one of the valve opening electromagnet and the valve closing electromagnet is de-energized and thereafter the other electromagnet is de-energized at a time delayed by a predetermined time Toff. The alternate energization process is finished when the displaced position of a valve head which is detected by a displacement sensor has reached a predetermined position Vinit while the valve opening electromagnet is being energized. Thereafter, the valve opening electromagnet is continuously energized to seat the valve head in a closed position (initial position) from the time when the displaced position of the valve head has reached a predetermined position Vstart.

Abstract: A two-cycle action cam having two protruding parts 1a and 1b and a four-cycle action cam 3 having one protruding part 3a are selectively used by a cam change mechanism 46i. The two-cycle action cam 1 effects opening of the inlet and exhaust valves once per revolution of the crankshaft and the four-cycle action cam 3 effects opening of the inlet and exhaust valves once per two revolutions of the crankshaft. The four-cycle action is selected when the engine is in the low revolving speed and running at a low load and the two-cycle action is otherwise selected.