Abstract: A ground surface estimation method includes: a continuous region recognizing step for recognizing, when a difference in altitude value between a representative point of one grid and a representative point of another adjacent grid out of the plurality of grids is equal to or less than a threshold, the one grid and the other adjacent grid as a continuous region that is a region where the one grid and the other adjacent grid are continuous; and a ground surface estimation step for estimating a continuous region having the largest number of grids among the continuous regions as a ground surface.

Abstract: A liquid composition including clay containing at least one selected from the group consisting of a montmorillonite, mica, hectorite, and fluorosilicate; and a dimer or higher phosphate is described. Such liquid compositions are capable of forming a fireproof layer having high fireproof performance on a surface of a base material to which a film for wallpaper or the like is applied. A fireproof layer which can be formed using the liquid composition, a laminated structure including the fireproof layer, and a fireproofing method using the liquid composition are also described.

Abstract: A bonded body has a structure in which an insulating resin member made of an insulating resin and a metal part made of a metal are bonded. In the bonded body, a bonded interface between the insulating resin member and the metal part has an uneven shape including a protrusion in which the metal part protrudes toward an insulating resin member side and a recess in which the metal part retracts from the insulating resin member side, at least one of a kurtosis Rku of contour curve at the bonded interface of the metal part and a kurtosis Sku of contour surface at the bonded interface of the metal part is in a range of 2.75 or more and 6.00 or less, and an overhang rate that indicates a length ratio of regions overlapping in a lamination direction in a direction along the bonded interface is 7% or more.

Abstract: A terminal material having a plating film which can be used as a terminal for electric connection and a contact for a connector, including a base material made of copper or copper alloy and a plating film formed on the base material; the plating film has a tin layer made of tin or tin alloy; a surface-part KAM value measured by analyzing a cross section of a surface part by the EBSD method in a range of depth 1 ?m in a thickness direction of the base material from an interface between the base material and the plating film is 0.15° or more and less than 90°; and a center-part KAM value in a center part of a plate thickness of the base material is 0.1 times or more and 0.6 times or less of the surface-part KAM value.

Abstract: A bonded body has a structure in which an insulating resin member made of an insulating resin and a metal part made of a metal are bonded. In the bonded body, a bonded interface between the insulating resin member and the metal part has an uneven shape including a protrusion in which the metal part protrudes toward an insulating resin member side and a recess in which the metal part retracts from the insulating resin member side, at least one of a kurtosis Rku of contour curve at the bonded interface of the metal part and a kurtosis Sku of contour surface at the bonded interface of the metal part is in a range of 2.75 or more and 6.00 or less, and an overhang rate that indicates a length ratio of regions overlapping in a lamination direction in a direction along the bonded interface is 7% or more.

Abstract: This metal sheet material is made of copper or a copper alloy, and includes a main sheet body and a roughened plating layer that is formed on an outermost surface layer of the main sheet body. An engagement protrusion that protrudes toward the opposite side to the main sheet body and has a widening portion that gradually widens in width toward a tip end side in a protrusion direction is formed in the roughened plating layer. In a cross section of the main sheet body along the thickness direction, a plurality of the engagement protrusions are formed on a surface crystal grain that is located on the outermost surface of the main sheet body.

Abstract: Providing a terminal material for connectors provided with a base material in which at least a surface layer is made of copper or copper alloy, a nickel-plating layer made of nickel or nickel alloy coating a surface of the base material, and a silver-nickel alloy plating layer formed on at least a part of the nickel-plating layer, the silver-nickel alloy plating layer having a film thickness of 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m inclusive, a nickel content of 0.03 at % to 1.20 at % inclusive, and an average crystal grain size of 10 nm to 150 nm inclusive, to improve abrasion resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: A heatsink-integrated insulating circuit board includes a heat sink including a radiating fin, an insulating resin layer formed on a top plate part of the heat sink, and a circuit layer arranged on one surface of the insulating resin layer. An angle ? formed between an end of the metal piece and a surface of the insulating resin layer is set to be 70° or more and 110° or less. Root-mean-square heights Sq1 and Rq1 in bonding surfaces to the insulating resin layer in the top plate part of the heat sink and the metal piece, and root-mean-square heights Sq2 and Rq1 in regions other than the bonding surfaces to the insulating resin layer in the top plate part of the heat sink and the metal piece have a relationship of Sq1>Sq2 or Rq1>Rq2.

Abstract: A copper alloy plate including 0.3 mass % or more and 1.2 mass % or less of Mg, 0.001 mass % or more and 0.2 mass % or less of P, and the balance Cu with inevitable impurities in a thickness center portion in a plate thickness direction; Mg concentration on a plate surface is 30% or less of bulk Mg concentration at the thickness center portion; a surface layer part having a depth from the plate surface to where it is 90% of the bulk Mg concentration is provided; and in the surface layer part, the Mg concentration increases from the plate surface toward the thickness center portion with a concentration gradient 1.8 mass %/?m or more and 50 mass %/?m or less.

Abstract: A base material at least a surface is made of copper or copper alloy and a silver-nickel-potassium alloy plating layer formed on at least a part of the base material are provided; the silver-nickel-potassium alloy plating layer has a film thickness of 0.5 ?m or more and 20.0 ?m or less, a nickel content of 0.02% by mass or more and 0.60% by mass or less, and a potassium content of 0.03% by mass or more and 1.00% by mass or less; and an average crystal grain size of the silver-nickel-potassium alloy plating layer is preferably 10 nm or more and 150 nm or less.

Abstract: A terminal material for a connector provided with a base material in which at least a surface layer is made of copper or copper alloy, a nickel-plating layer made of nickel or nickel alloy and formed on a surface of the base material, a silver-nickel alloy plating layer made of silver-nickel alloy and formed on at least a part of the nickel-plating layer, and a silver-plating layer made of silver and formed on the silver-nickel alloy plating layer; the silver-nickel alloy plating layer has a film thickness 0.05 µm or more and less than 0.50 µm and a nickel content 0.03 at% or more and 1.00 at% or less.

Abstract: In a method for producing high-purity electrolytic copper, a first additive (A) containing an aromatic ring of a hydrophobic group and a polyoxyalkylene group of a hydrophilic group, a second additive (B) formed of polyvinyl alcohols, and a third additive (C) formed of tetrazoles are added to a copper electrolyte, copper electrolysis is performed by controlling each concentration of the first additive (A), the second additive (B), and the third additive (C), a current density and a bath temperature, and accordingly, electrolytic copper in which a concentration of Ag is less than 0.2 mass ppm, a concentration of S is less than 0.07 mass ppm, a concentration of all impurities is less than 0.2 mass ppm, and an area ratio of crystal grains having an average crystal grain misorientation (referred to as a GOS value) exceeding 2.5° is 10% or less is obtained.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant terminal material for an aluminum core wire having a good adhesion of plating and a high effect of corrosion resistant, having a base material in which at least a surface is made of copper or copper alloy and a corrosion-resistant film formed on at least a part of the base material; the corrosion film having an intermediate alloy layer made of tin alloy, a zinc layer made of zinc or zinc alloy formed on the intermediate alloy layer, and a tin-zinc alloy layer made of tin alloy containing zinc and formed on the zinc layer; and a tin content in the intermediate alloy layer is 90 at % or less.

Abstract: Providing a terminal material for connectors provided with a base material in which at least a surface layer is made of copper or copper alloy, a nickel-plating layer made of nickel or nickel alloy coating a surface of the base material, and a silver-nickel alloy plating layer formed on at least a part of the nickel-plating layer, the silver-nickel alloy plating layer having a film thickness of 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m inclusive, a nickel content of 0.03 at % to 1.20 at % inclusive, and an average crystal grain size of 10 nm to 150 nm inclusive, to improve abrasion resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: An anti-corrosion terminal material including a base material made of copper or copper alloy and a coating film laminated on the base material: the coating film includes: a first coating film, provided with a zinc layer made of zinc alloy and a tin layer made of tin or tin alloy which are laminated in this order, and formed at a planned core contact part; and a second coating film including the tin layer but not comprising the zinc layer, which is provided at a planned contact part being a contact part when the terminal is formed: and the zinc layer has a thickness not less than 0.1 ?m and not more than 5.0 ?m and zinc concentration not less than 30% by mass and not more than 95% by mass, and has any one or more of nickel, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, cadmium, lead and tin as a balance.

Abstract: A terminal material for a connector provided with a base material in which at least a surface layer is made of copper or copper alloy, a nickel-plating layer made of nickel or nickel alloy and formed on a surface of the base material, a silver-nickel alloy plating layer made of silver-nickel alloy and formed on at least a part of the nickel-plating layer, and a silver-plating layer made of silver and formed on the silver-nickel alloy plating layer; the silver-nickel alloy plating layer has a film thickness 0.05 µm or more and less than 0.50 µm and a nickel content 0.03 at% or more and 1.00 at% or less.

Abstract: In a terminal material with a silver coating film including a silver layer on a surface, a terminal and a terminal material having high reliability are easily manufactured with low cost without a heat treatment. A base material formed of copper or a copper alloy; and nickel layer, an intermediate layer, and a silver layer laminated on the base material in this order are included, the nickel layer has a thickness of 0.05 ?m to 5.00 ?m and is formed of nickel or a nickel alloy, the intermediate layer has a thickness of 0.02 ?m to 1.00 ?m and is an alloy layer containing silver (Ag) and a substance X, and the substance X includes one or more kinds of tin, bismuth, gallium, indium, and germanium.

Abstract: The present invention provides a high-purity electrolytic copper 10 having a Cu purity excluding gas components (O, F, S, C, and Cl) is 99.9999 mass % or more, a content of S is 0.1 mass ppm or less, and an area ratio of crystals having a (101)±10° orientation is less than 40%, when crystal orientation is measured by electron backscatter diffraction in a cross section along a thickness direction.

Abstract: Providing a terminal material for connectors provided with a base material in which at least a surface layer is made of copper or copper alloy, a nickel-plating layer made of nickel or nickel alloy coating a surface of the base material, and a silver-nickel alloy plating layer formed on at least a part of the nickel-plating layer, the silver-nickel alloy plating layer having a film thickness of 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m inclusive, a nickel content of 0.03 at % to 1.20 at % inclusive, and an average crystal grain size of 10 nm to 150 nm inclusive, to improve abrasion resistance and heat resistance.

Abstract: Providing an anti-corrosion terminal material having high corrosion resistance effect and good adhesiveness of a film. A first film is formed on at least a part of a base material in which at least a surface is made of copper or copper alloy; in the first film, a zinc layer made of zinc or zinc alloy is formed on a mixed layer in which a copper-tin alloy region made of copper tin alloy and a tin region made of tin or tin alloy other than copper tin alloy are mixed; the zinc layer is in contact with both the copper-tin alloy region and the tin region of the mixed layer; a ratio R1/R2 is 0.05 or more and 2.5 or less where a length in contact with the copper-tin alloy region in a cross section along a thickness direction is R1 (?m) and a length in contact with the tin layer is R2 (?m).