Abstract: DNA-based temperature sensor for measuring temperature through a transition of one or more strands of DNA from a coupled configuration to a decoupled configuration at a temperature threshold, and a fluorescent dye adapted to emit fluorescence when the DNA is in the coupled configuration, includes a receptacle adapted to receive the DNA and the fluorescent dye in a solution, an imaging device adapted to acquire an image of fluorescence emitted from the solution, the image having a plurality of regions, and a processor adapted to determine a plurality of fluorescence levels corresponding to each of the plurality of regions of the image and to generate a temperature map based on the determined fluorescence levels. A method for measuring temperature and a DNA-based temperature sensing solution are also provided.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distributing a clock signal are disclosed. In some embodiments, systems for distributing a clock signal include a plurality of resonant oscillators, each comprising an inductor; and a differential clock grid that distributes the clock signal. The differential clock grid is coupled to the plurality of resonant oscillators and the clock signal, and the inductances of the inductors are configured such that a resonant frequency of the plurality of resonant oscillators is substantially equal to the frequency of the clock signal.

Abstract: Electrochemical sensing of biomolecules eliminates the need for bulky optical instruments required in traditional fluorescence-based sensing assays. Integration of the sensor interface electrodes and active electrochemical detection circuitry on CMOS substrates miniaturizes the sensing platform, enhancing portability for point-of-care applications, while enabling high-throughput, highly-parallel analysis. One embodiment includes a four-by-four active sensor array for multiplexed electrochemical biomolecular detection in a standard 0.25-?m CMOS process. Integrated potentiostats, including control amplifiers and dual-slope ADCs, stimulate the electrochemical cell and detect the current flowing through on-chip gold electrodes at each sensor site resulting from biomolecular reactions occurring on the chip surface. Post-processing techniques for fabricating biologically-compatible surface-electrode arrays in CMOS that can withstand operation in harsh electrochemical environments are described.

Abstract: An active CMOS biosensor chip for fluorescent-based detection is provided that enables time-gated, time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. In one embodiment, analytes are loaded with fluorophores that are bound to probe molecules immobilized on the surface of the chip. Photodiodes and other circuitry in the chip are used to measure the fluorescent intensity of the fluorophore at different times. These measurements are then averaged to generate a representation of the transient fluorescent decay response unique to the fluorophores. In addition to its low-cost, compact form, the biosensor chip provides capabilities beyond those of macroscopic instrumentation by enabling time-gated operation for background rejection, easing requirements on optical filters, and by characterizing fluorescence lifetime, allowing for a more detailed characterization of fluorophore labels and their environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for distributing a clock signal are disclosed. In some embodiments, systems for distributing a clock signal include a plurality of resonant oscillators, each comprising an inductor; and a differential clock grid that distributes the clock signal. The differential clock grid is coupled to the plurality of resonant oscillators and the clock signal, and the inductances of the inductors are configured such that a resonant frequency of the plurality of resonant oscillators is substantially equal to the frequency of the clock signal.

Abstract: Systems and methods for on-chip signaling are disclosed. In some embodiments, an integrated circuit having on-chip signaling between a first component and a second component includes, a differential interconnect capable of coupling the first component to the second component, a driver capable of being coupled to the first component that sends data on the differential interconnect, a receiver capable of being coupled to the second component that receives the data, and a plurality of negative impedance converters capable of being coupled to the differential interconnect that provide loss compensation.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus is disclosed for capturing call processing failures in a telecommunication system occurring at a telecommunication switch control processor as the failures occur. The system includes a computing system adapted for communicating with the telecommunication system. The computing system includes one or more computers having one or more processors for executing logic instructions; a memory associated with the computing system for storing the instructions; a storage device adapted for communicating with the computing system for storing data; and a communication device associated with the computing system for establishing a communication link between the computing system and the telecommunication system.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus is disclosed for capturing call processing failures in a telecommunication system occurring at a telecommunication digital cellular switch as the failures occur. The system includes a computing system adapted for communicating with the telecommunication system, the computing system including one or more computers having one or more processors for executing logic instructions; a memory associated with the computing system for storing the instructions; a storage device adapted for communicating with the computing system for storing data; and a communication device associated with the computing system for establishing a communication link between the computing system and the telecommunication system.

Abstract: Disclosed is an approximate inductance extraction method that can be practically applied to full-chip inductance extraction of complex integrated circuits. The method results in a positive semi-definite inductance matrix and achieves sparsity of the inductance matrix by breaking inductive couplings between power-ground lines and signal lines and by using a set of geometry based decomposition rules to eliminate insignificant coupling interactions between signal lines. By taking advantage of the ever-present availability of power-ground lines as high frequency current returns while preserving inductive coupling between signal lines, the disclosed method has demonstrated higher efficiency and accuracy than other inductance matrix sparsification techniques.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus is disclosed for capturing call processing failures in a telecommunication system occurring at a telecommunication switch control processor as the failures occur. The system includes a computing system adapted for communicating with the telecommunication system. The computing system includes one or more computers having one or more processors for executing logic instructions; a memory associated with the computing system for storing the instructions; a storage device adapted for communicating with the computing system for storing data; and a communication device associated with the computing system for establishing a communication link between the computing system and the telecommunication system.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus is disclosed for capturing call processing failures in a telecommunication system occurring at a telecommunication digital cellular switch as the failures occur. The system includes a computing system adapted for communicating with the telecommunication system, the computing system including one or more computers having one or more processors for executing logic instructions; a memory associated with the computing system for storing the instructions; a storage device adapted for communicating with the computing system for storing data; and a communication device associated with the computing system for establishing a communication link between the computing system and the telecommunication system.

Abstract: Conformationally constrained tricyclic thienothiopyran compounds are topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated therewith.

Abstract: Substituted 4,5-dihydrothieno[2,3-b]thiophene-2-sulfonamides and 6,6-dioxides thereof are topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated therewith.

Abstract: Intermediates are described for preparing conformationally constrained tricyclic thienothiopyran compounds that are topically effective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated therewith.

Abstract: Thieno[2,3-b][1,4]thiazine-6-sulfonamides having the structural formula: ##STR1## wherein Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, and n are as hereinafter defined, are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the topical treatment of elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma.

Abstract: 4-Alkylamino-6-(C.sub.3-5 -hydrocarbyl)thieno[2,3-b]thiopyran-2-sulfonamide-7,7-dioxides wherein the 4-alkylamino group is an ethylamino or propylamino are powerful carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma associated therewith.

Abstract: Aryl (or aralkyl)-sulfonylthiophene-2-sulfonamides containing a basic functional group as a substituent are efficacious in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure and glaucoma following topical ocular administration.

Abstract: Novel 2-sulfamoyl-1H-indoles and derivatives thereof are shown to be useful for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in pharmaceutical compositions designed for systemic or topical ophthalmic administration.

Abstract: Novel 2-sulfamoylbenzo[b]thiopenes and derivatives thereof are shown to be useful for the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure in compositions including ophthalmic drops and inserts.

Abstract: Thienopyridine sulfonamides are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors useful in the treatment of elevated intraocular pressure and disorders associated therewith such as glaucoma.