Abstract: A method and composition for tRNA synthetases that activate and aminoacylate nonstandard and noncognate amino acids to tRNA adaptor molecules is described that can be used to generate custom designed protein products for uses in medicinal, therapeutic, diagnostic, biotechnology, engineering, and spectroscopy applications. Some tRNA synthetases naturally misactivate and misaminoacylate noncognate amino acids. Many of these tRNA synthetases, including but not limited to leucyl-, isoleucyl-, and valyl-tRNA synthetases, have evolved proofreading and editing mechanisms to correct these mistakes. Inactivation of the enzyme's editing activity allows and facilitates production and accumulation of tRNAs that are misaminoacylated with nonstandard and noncognate amino acids. These misaminoacylated tRNAs can be used to introduce novel amino acids into proteins.

Abstract: Provided is a structure for testing a NAND flash memory including a first string select transistor for controlling transfer of a voltage inputted via a first bit line; a first string having a plurality of flash memory cells, connected between the first string select transistor and a first source select transistor, and maintaining a program or erase state depending on a voltage inputted thereto; a second string select transistor for controlling transfer of a voltage inputted via a second bit line; a second string having a plurality of flash memory cells, connected between the second string select transistor and a second source select transistor, and maintaining the program or erase state depending on a voltage inputted thereto; and a measurement pad connected to a point where the first or second string select transistor and the flash memory cell are connected.

Abstract: Disclosed are an illumination device capable of improving an optical efficiency of a light generated from a light source and a reflection type liquid crystal device using the illumination device. Between at least one light source and a first light guiding plate, which is provided to uniformly project the light incident from a first side towards a second side, a second light guiding plate for projecting the incident light towards the first side of the first light guiding plate is provided. A distance between a light projecting portion of the second light guiding plate and a light reflecting portion opposite the light projecting portion becomes narrow as an amount of light flux of the light emitted from at least one light source decreases. Accordingly, the light efficiency can be improved by increasing the probability of variation in optical routes for the light generated from each light source, though the number of the light sources disposed at a side of the second light guiding plate is increased.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a floating gate in a flash memory device. Upon formation of a device isolation film, a space of a lower polysilicon layer for a floating gate is defined, a bird's beak is formed on an internal surface of a trench by subsequent well sacrificial oxidization process and well oxidization process and an upper polysilicon layer for a floating gate is then formed, so that the space of the floating gate is formed. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the cost since a mask process is not required compared to an existing stepper method and the process cost since a planarization process using chemical mechanical polishing process (CMP) is not required compared to the self-aligned floating mode.

Abstract: The web page retrieval and advertisement method ensures advertisement planners and users to conveniently distribute and obtain information. The advertisement planner accesses web site to get an issue number to be inserted into the advertisement and then prepares and registers a web page linked to the issue number. The advertisement planner then distributes advertisement media together with the issue number so that users may memorize or input in a mobile phone. The user then may read the web page and detailed information about the advertisement by inputting the issue number in a user terminal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test pattern for measuring a contact resistance and method of manufacturing the same. In order to confirm that a contact resistance suitable for a semiconductor device before an actual process for manufacturing the device is performed, the present invention designs a test pattern for measuring the contact resistance depending on a design rule of a line contact actually applied to an actual device.

Abstract: A multi-level EEPROM cell and a method of manufacture thereof are provided so as to improve a program characteristic of the multi-level cell. For the purpose, the multi-level flash EEPROM cell includes a floating gate formed as being electrically separated from a silicon substrate by an underlying tunnel oxide layer, a first dielectric layer formed over the top of the floating gate, a first control gate formed on the floating gate as being electrically separated from the floating gate by the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed on the sidewall and top of the first control gate, a second control gate formed on the sidewall and top of the first control gate as being electrically separated from the first control gate by the second dielectric layer, and a source and drain formed in the substrate as being self-aligned with both edges of the second control gate.

Abstract: A bit line voltage regulation circuit achieves uniform program features and precise cell distribution by providing a high voltage to a bit line regardless of a cell state. For this purpose, the regulation circuit includes a boosting unit for generating the high voltage, a switching unit, connected between the boosting unit and the bit line of a memory cell array, for transferring the high voltage to the bit line and an amplifying unit, for detecting a voltage drop at a detection node on the bit line caused by resistance on the bit line, amplifying the detected voltage drop to produce an amplified voltage driving the switching unit.

Abstract: Disclosed are a row decoder in a flash memory and erasing method in a flash memory cell using the same. The row decoder comprises a PMOS transistor having a gate electrode for receiving a first input signal as an input and connected between a first power supply terminal and a first node, a first NMOS transistor having a gate electrode for receiving the first input signal as an input and connected between the first node and a second node, a second NMOS transistor having a gate electrode for receiving the second input signal as an input and connected between the second node and a ground terminal, and a switching means having a gate electrode for receiving the third input signal as an input and connected between the second node and a second power supply terminal, wherein the first node is connected to word lines. Therefore, the present invention can prevent an insulating break phenomenon of the ONO insulating film that may happen during an erasing operation such as cycling, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are a backlight assembly and a liquid crystal display device using the same. A ratio of a pitch, which is an interval between the lamps for supplying light to an LCD panel, to a gap, which is a distance between the center of the lamps and an optical plate, is adjusted to thereby minimize the bright line that badly influences the image display quality, so as to display a high quality image.

Abstract: A backlight assembly and a direct illumination type LCD apparatus having the same are provided. The backlight assembly has a light diffusion member including a diffusion layer for diffusing a first light emitted from at least one lamp and a light path modulation layer protruded from the diffusion layer to modulate the path of the first light, so the light diffusion member emits a second light having a uniform brightness distribution in response to the first light. The light path modulation layer may be disposed on one surface of the diffusion layer where the first light is inputted or another surface of the diffusion layer where the second light is emitted.

Abstract: Disclosed is a backlight assembly and an LCD apparatus having uniform brightness and low power consumption. The backlight assembly has a plurality of lamps for providing light to the LCD panel. Each of the plurality of lamps has two or more sub-lamps connected to each other in series. The backlight assembly has a brightness control unit disposed between the sub-lamps to reduce a brightness difference.

Abstract: A backlight assembly has a lamp driving device for driving external electrode fluorescent lamps (EEFLs) parallel connected each other. The lamp driving device includes a power switch transistor, a diode, an inverter and a PWM controller. The transistor converts external DC power signal into pulse power signal based on switching signal, the diode prevents rush current from flowing into the transistor. The inverter converts the pulse power signal into AC power signal, raises voltage level of the AC power signal, and provides the lamps with the raised AC power signal. The PWM controller is activated by external on/off signal to provide the transistor with the switching signal so as to regulate voltage level of the AC power signal. The EEFLs can maintain a constant current level, and the backlight assembly can have characteristics of uniform luminance, high luminance and high heat efficiency.

Abstract: A multi-level EEPROM cell and a method of manufacture thereof are provided so as to improve a program characteristic of the multi-level cell. For the purpose, the multi-level flash EEPROM cell includes a floating gate formed as being electrically separated from a silicon substrate by an underlying tunnel oxide layer, a first dielectric layer formed over the top of the floating gate, a first control gate formed on the floating gate as being electrically separated from the floating gate by the first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer formed on the sidewall and top of the first control gate, a second control gate formed on the sidewall and top of the first control gate as being electrically separated from the first control gate by the second dielectric layer, and a source and drain formed in the substrate as being self-aligned with both edges of the second control gate.

Abstract: A method of purchasing goods in the Internet electronic commerce, which enables a user to identify the goods actually, includes the steps of registering the user as a member and endowing the user with ID, allocating a virtual cart to each member and issuing a membership card, then the member inputting product information of goods to be potentially purchased with the membership card in an actual store, and then displaying the product information stored in the virtual cart to the user through Internet so that the user selects goods for purchasing.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device has a light guiding plate with a novel structure. The liquid crystal display device has a back light assembly including a light source and the light guiding plate, a display unit for displaying an image and a case for fixedly receiving the back light assembly and the display unit. The light guiding plate is formed at a bottom portion thereof with a light diffusing pattern for uniformly outputting the incident light. A light dispersing member for dispersing the light in the light guiding plate is provided in the light guiding plate. The leaking light is outputted towards the display unit by contacting with the dispersing particles of the light dispersing member, so the light efficiency and the brightness are improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming a floating gate in a flash memory device. Upon formation of a device isolation film, a space of a lower polysilicon layer for a floating gate is defined, a bird's beak is formed on an internal surface of a trench by subsequent well sacrificial oxidization process and well oxidization process and an upper polysilicon layer for a floating gate is then formed, so that the space of the floating gate is formed. Therefore, the present invention can reduce the cost since a mask process is not required compared to an existing stepper method and the process cost since a planarization process using chemical mechanical polishing process (CMP) is not required compared to the self-aligned floating mode.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cold cathode fluorescent lamp, a container for receiving the same and a liquid crystal display device having the container. The lamp includes a lamp tube, a first electrode having a first end disposed inside the lamp tube and a second end disposed outside the lamp tube and a second electrode plated on an outer surface of the lamp tube. The cold cathode fluorescent lamp is easily coupled/separated to/from the container having a clip type power-supplying module in a clip-coupling manner. In addition, a shock absorbing member is installed at the clip type power-supplying module so as to absorb an impact applied to the cold cathode fluorescent lamp. A brightness non-uniformity between cold cathode fluorescent lamps can be prevented, a power consumption of the cold cathode fluorescent lamp can be reduced, and an assembling work and productivity are remarkably improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test pattern for measuring a contact resistance and method of manufacturing the same. In order to confirm that a contact resistance suitable for a semiconductor device before an actual process for manufacturing the device is performed, the present invention designs a test pattern for measuring the contact resistance depending on a design rule of a line contact actually applied to an actual device.

Abstract: Disclosed are an illumination device capable of improving an optical efficiency of a light generated from a light source and a reflection type liquid crystal device using the illumination device. Between at least one light source and a first light guiding plate, which is provided to uniformly project the light incident from a first side towards a second side, a second light guiding plate for projecting the incident light towards the first side of the first light guiding plate is provided. A distance between a light projecting portion of the second light guiding plate and a light reflecting portion opposite the light projecting portion becomes narrow as an amount of light flux of the light emitted from at least one light source decreases. Accordingly, the light efficiency can be improved by increasing the probability of variation in optical routes for the light generated from each light source, though the number of the light sources disposed at a side of the second light guiding plate is increased.