Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display, wherein arrangement of liquid crystal molecules thereof is controlled by using a monomer that is polymerized by ultraviolet rays to provide a pre-tilt. To prevent damage to organic material layers when irradiating ultraviolet rays to the monomer, a blocking film made of an ultraviolet absorbing agent is formed on or over at least one such layer.

Abstract: A protrusion of dry-etched pattern of a thin film transistor substrate generated due to a difference between isotropy of wet etching and anisotropy of dry etching is removed by forming a plating part on a surface of the wet etched pattern through an electroless plating method. If the plating part is formed on a data pattern layer of the substrate, the width or the thickness of the data pattern layer may be increased without loss of aperture ratio, the channel length of the semiconductor layer may be reduced under the limit according to the stepper resolution and the protrusion part of the semiconductor layer may be removed. As a result, the aperture ratio may be increased, the resistance may be reduced, and the driving margin may be increased due to rising of the ion current. Furthermore, the so-called water-fall noise phenomenon may be eliminated.

Abstract: A contact portion of wiring and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. A contact portion of wiring according to an embodiment includes: a substrate; a conductive layer disposed on the substrate; an interlayer insulating layer disposed on the conductive layer and having a contact hole; a metal layer disposed on the conductive layer and filling the contact hole; and a transparent electrode disposed on the interlayer insulating layer and connected to the metal layer, wherein the interlayer insulating layer includes a lower insulating layer and an upper insulating layer disposed on the lower insulating layer, the lower insulating layer is undercut at the contact hole, and the metal layer fills in the portion where the lower insulating layer is undercut.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a transparent electrode featuring the interposition of a nano-metal layer between a grid electrode on a transparent substrate and an electroconductive polymer layer, and a preparation method thereof. The transparent electrode can be produced in a continuous process at high productivity and low cost and can be applied to various display devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic display device comprising a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, an anode electrode and a cathode electrode respectively formed on the transparent substrates, an electrolytic layer disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, an electrochromophore layer of a nano structure formed on at least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and a redox promoter layer coated with a conductive compound, on the other electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a head-extended pile with inside and outside reinforcements for supporting load of a structure. The head-extended pile includes a reinforcement part with the same length or area extending right and left with respect to a diameter of the pile provided at the front end of the pile so that a supporting force of the pile is increased, and a durability of the pile is improved by hammering after drilled piling. When the head-extended pile is applied according to the present invention, it improves the stability of proof stress of the pile and construction workability, and better economic efficiency is expected.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a display device includes: forming an auxiliary layer including at least one of metal and a metal oxide on an insulating substrate; forming a photoresist layer pattern partially exposing the auxiliary layer on the auxiliary layer; forming a trench on the insulating substrate by etching the exposed auxiliary layer and the insulating substrate under the exposed auxiliary layer; forming a seed layer including a first seed layer disposed on the photoresist layer pattern and a second seed layer disposed in the trench; removing the photoresist layer pattern and the first seed layer by lifting off the photoresist layer pattern; removing the auxiliary layer remaining on the insulating substrate after lifting off the photoresist layer pattern; and forming a main wiring layer on the second seed layer by electroless plating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for forming a conjugated polymer pattern and a pattern formation process. More specifically, the present invention relates to a composition for forming a pattern of conjugated polymer, comprising a precursor polymer of a certain structure and a photobase generator, and a process of forming a pattern using the same. In accordance with the present invention, not only can a pattern of the conjugated polymer be formed with ease, but the pattern produced thereby can be used advantageously in organo-electric devices, for example, a memory device, a sensor, a solar cell, a storage battery, organic EL, and so forth. Also, when being used in an organic EL device, it shows not only a higher EL efficiency but a lower threshold voltage.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a metal pattern with a low resistivity. The method comprises the steps of: (i) coating a photocatalytic compound onto a substrate to form a photocatalytic film layer; (ii) coating a water-soluble polymeric compound onto the photocatalytic film layer to form a water-soluble polymer layer; (iii) selectively exposing the two layers to light to form a latent pattern acting as a nucleus for crystal growth; and (iv) plating the latent pattern with a metal to grow metal crystals thereon. According to the method, a multilayer wiring pattern including a low resistivity metal can be formed in a relatively simple manner at low cost, and the metals constituting the respective layers can be freely selected according to the intended application. The low resistivity metal pattern can be advantageously applied to flat panel display devices, e.g., LCDs, PDPs and ELDs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method for forming a highly conductive metal pattern which comprises forming a metal pattern on a substrate by the use of a photocatalyst and a selective electroless or electroplating process, and transferring the metal pattern to a flexible plastic substrate. According to the method, a highly conductive metal pattern can be effectively formed on a flexible plastic substrate within a short time, compared to conventional formation methods. Further disclosed is an EMI filter comprising a metal pattern formed by the method. The EMI filter not only exhibits high performances, but also is advantageous in terms of low manufacturing costs and simple manufacturing process. Accordingly, the EMI filter can be applied to a variety of flat panel display devices, including PDPs and organic ELs.

Abstract: A method for forming a metal pattern with a low resistivity. The method may include the steps of: (i) coating a photocatalytic compound onto a substrate to form a photocatalytic film layer; (ii) coating a water-soluble polymeric compound onto the photocatalytic film layer to form a water-soluble polymer layer; (iii) selectively exposing the two layers to light to form a latent pattern acting as a nucleus for crystal growth; and (iv) plating the latent pattern with a metal to grow metal crystals thereon. According to the method, a multilayer wiring pattern including a low resistivity metal may be formed in a relatively simple manner at low cost, and the metals constituting the respective layers can be freely selected according to the intended application. The low resistivity metal pattern may be advantageously applied to flat panel display devices, e.g., LCDs, PDPs and ELDs.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroless copper plating solution, including a copper salt, a completing agent, a reductant and a pH adjuster, in which the plating solution includes a 2,2-dipyridyl acid solution and the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) thereof is about 11.5 to about 13.0, a method of producing the same, and an electroless copper plating method. According to the plating solution of the present invention, an electroless copper plating film having stable and improved adhesivity and low electrical resistance can be obtained. Further, display devices including a metal pattern formed with the electroless copper plating solution can improve the reliability and price competitiveness of products prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of forming a metal pattern, the method comprising depositing a dielectric substrate on a supporting substrate; forming a latent mask pattern of a metal pattern on the dielectric substrate; etching the dielectric substrate exposed by the latent mask pattern; forming a seed layer on the supporting substrate by activating the supporting substrate; removing the latent mask pattern and the portion of the seed layer disposed on the latent mask pattern through a lift-off process; and plating a metal layer on the patterned seed layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a low resistance metal line, in which a wet plating technique is used instead of a vacuum film forming process in order to simplify the process and decrease the manufacturing cost. In addition, a self-assembled monolayer is formed that facilitates the increased adsorption density and strength of the metal catalyst resulting in the formation of a high-density metal catalyst layer, thereby obtaining a high-quality metal line. Also disclosed herein, are a patterned metal line structure, and a display device using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electroless copper plating solution, including a copper salt, a completing agent, a reductant and a pH adjuster, in which the plating solution includes a 2,2-dipyridyl acid solution and the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) thereof is about 11.5 to about 13.0, a method of producing the same, and an electroless copper plating method. According to the plating solution of the present invention, an electroless copper plating film having stable and improved adhesivity and low electrical resistance can be obtained. Further, display devices including a metal pattern formed with the electroless copper plating solution can improve the reliability and price competitiveness of products prepared therefrom.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic device having the functionality of a secondary battery. The electrochromic device includes a plurality of secondary battery/display segments in which a double metal oxide layer comprising mesoporous metal oxide particles and macroporous metal oxide particles is disposed on a transparent electrode, and a cathode active material for a lithium secondary battery is disposed on a counter electrode to enable oxidation and reduction of lithium. Methods of manufacturing the electrochromic device are disclosed as well.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of forming low-resistance metal pattern, which can be used to obtain a metal pattern having stable and excellent characteristics by performing sensitization treatment using a copper compound before an activation treatment for forming uniform and dense metal cores, a patterned metal structure, and display devices using the same.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an electrochromic display device comprising a pair of transparent substrates facing each other, an anode electrode and a cathode electrode respectively formed on the transparent substrates, an electrolytic layer disposed between the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, an electrochromophore layer of a nano structure formed on at least one of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode, and a redox promoter layer coated with a conductive compound, on the other electrode.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved method for forming a metal pattern with low contact resistance. The metal pattern may be applied to various flat panel display devices with high resolution. Further disclosed is a flat panel display using a metal pattern formed by the method.

Abstract: A novel black matrix, a method for preparing the same, and a flat display device and an electromagnetic interference filter to which the black matrix is applied. The black matrix is prepared by exposing a photoactive compound to form a latent pattern of nuclei for crystal growth and treating the latent pattern of nuclei for crystal growth with a metal salt solution to give a metal particle-deposited pattern; forming an electroless Ni-plated layer on the metal particle-deposited pattern; and forming an electroless Cu-plated layer on the electroless Ni-plated layer. Exhibiting improved black tone, which is achieved only by a selective multilayer plating process, without using expensive vacuum sputtering apparatus or a photolithographic process, the black matrix can be applied to various flat display devices. In addition, due to improved electric conductivity, the black matrix can be used in an electromagnetic interference filter, without employing an additional front surface blackening process.