Abstract: A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and a quaternary ammonium halide in a liquid solvent to form a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of making and using activated carbon-containing coated substrates, and products made therefrom.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor contains first and second electrodes, each having respective first and second carbon materials with distinct pore size distributions. A pore volume ratio of the first carbon material is greater than a pore volume ratio of the second carbon material. The pore volume ratio R is defined as R=V1/V, where V1 is a total volume of pores having a pore size of less than 1 nm, and V is a total volume of pores having a pore size greater than 1 nm.

Abstract: Nanoporous activated carbon material having a high specific capacitance in EDLCs and controlled oxygen content, and methods for making such activated carbon material. Reduction of oxygen content is achieved by (a) curing a carbon precursor/additive mixture in an inert or reducing environment, and/or (b) refining (heating) activated carbon material after synthesis in an inert or reducing environment. The inert or reducing environment used for curing or refining is preferably substantially free of oxygen.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for producing a semiconductor on insulator structure include: subjecting an implantation surface of a donor single crystal semiconductor wafer to an ion implantation process to create an exfoliation layer of the donor semiconductor wafer; bonding the implantation surface of the exfoliation layer to a glass substrate using electrolysis, wherein a liquidus viscosity of the glass substrate is about 100,000 Poise or greater.

Abstract: A method for producing a low oxygen content activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form an aqueous mixture, heating the aqueous mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce a second carbon material, and heating the second carbon material in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form the low oxygen content activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and spiro-bi-pyrrolidinium bromide in a liquid solvent to form spiro-bi-pyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution.

Abstract: A sorbent structure comprising a continuous activated carbon body in the form of a flow-through substrate; and an additive provided on the flow-through substrate, wherein the additive is capable of enhancing the sorption of CO2 on the sorbent structure. Methods of making the sorbent structure, its use for CO2 capture, and methods for regenerating the structure for further use.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor electrode includes microporous carbon, wherein the microporous carbon includes pores having a size of 1 nm or less, which provide a combined pore volume of at least 0.3 cm3/g, pores having a size of from 1 nm to 2 nm, which provide a combined pore volume of at least 0.05 cm3/g, and less than 0.15 cm3/g combined pore volume of any pores having a size greater than 2 nm.

Abstract: An electrochemical double layer capacitor electrode comprising microporous carbon, wherein the microporous carbon comprises a median pore width of 1.2 nanometers or less, and a ratio of BET surface area to total pore volume greater than 2200 m2/cm3.

Abstract: A hybrid capacitor includes an electrically non-conductive rigid or semi-rigid porous honeycomb structure having cells extending along a common direction, the cells having a plurality of cross-sectional shapes. The honeycomb structure is desirably formed of a material that is stable at temperatures of 300° or more, such that high temperature processing can be used to help ensure high purity of the final product. The material of the structure may desirably be an oxide or non-oxide ceramic, such as cordierite, silicon nitride, alumina, aluminum titanate, zircon, glass, or glass-ceramic. The plurality of shapes of the cells includes larger shapes in which cells are disposed non-galvanic electrodes, with galvanic electrodes disposed in cells of other shapes.

Abstract: Carbon materials and methods of manufacturing carbon materials for use in high energy devices, such as electric double layer capacitors are described. High energy devices manufactured with carbon materials contemplated herein have high energy density. Methods of manufacturing carbon materials generally include providing a carbon precursor and an additive, mixing the additive with the carbon precursor prior to curing the carbon precursor, carbonizing the carbon precursor and removing the additive to form the carbon material. Such carbon materials can be used in electric double layer capacitors.

Abstract: Water-based conductive ink compositions may include acid-washed graphite particles, carbon black particles, at least one polymeric dispersant, at least one acrylic binder, at least one polyvinylpyrrolidone binder, at least one defoamer, and an aqueous carrier. At least 90 wt. % of the acid-washed graphite particles and the carbon black particles, based on the combined weight of the acid-washed graphite particles and the carbon black particles, may have particle sizes less than 10 ?m. The water-based conductive ink composition may have a total elemental contaminant level of less than 100 ppm, based on the total weight of the water-based conductive ink composition. Methods for preparing the water-based conductive ink compositions may include preparing a letdown phase from a first premix containing carbon black and a second premix containing acid-washed graphite. The methods may include washing graphite particles in an strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, or mixtures thereof.

Abstract: An electro-chemical double layer capacitor comprises positive and negative electrodes, where the carbon material that is incorporated into the positive electrode is halogenated carbon material, while the carbon material that is incorporated into the negative electrode is un-halogenated carbon material. Further, the carbon material incorporated into each respective electrode can have a distinct pore size distribution. A pore volume ratio of the carbon material incorporated into the positive electrode is greater than a pore volume ratio of the carbon material incorporated into the negative electrode. The pore volume ratio R is defined as R=V1/V, where V1 is a total volume of pores having a pore size of less than 1 nm, and V is a total volume of pores having a pore size greater than 1 nm.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and a quaternary ammonium halide in a liquid solvent to form a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution.

Abstract: An electric double layer capacitor composite electrode includes a current collector having opposing major surfaces, first and second conductive layers formed over respective ones of the major surfaces, and first and second carbon-based layers formed over the first and second conductive layers.

Abstract: A method of forming an electrolyte solution involves combining ammonium tetrafluoroborate and a quaternary ammonium halide in a liquid solvent to form a quaternary ammonium tetrafluoroborate and an ammonium halide. The ammonium halide precipitate is removed from the solvent to form an electrolyte solution. The reactants can be added step-wise to the solvent, and the method can include using a stoichiometric excess of the ammonium tetrafluoroborate to form a substantially halide ion-free electrolyte solution. Filtration can be done at low temperatures to reduce the amount of excess bromide in the resulting electrolyte.

Abstract: A method for producing an activated carbon material includes heating a non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor to form a carbon material and reacting the carbon material with steam to form an activated carbon material. The activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: A method for producing a halogenated activated carbon material includes heating a natural, non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor in an inert or reducing atmosphere to form a first carbon material, mixing the first carbon material with an inorganic compound to form a mixture, heating the mixture in an inert or reducing atmosphere to incorporate the inorganic compound into the first carbon material, removing the inorganic compound from the first carbon material to produce an activated carbon material, and treating the activated carbon material with a halogen source to form a halogenated activated carbon material. The halogenated activated carbon material is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.

Abstract: An activated carbon material derived, for example, by carbonizing and activating a non-lignocellulosic carbon precursor has a structural order ratio less than or equal to 0.08, and a nitrogen content greater than 0.2 wt. %. The activated carbon material can also have a volumetric capacitance greater than or equal to 70 F/cm3, an area-specific resistance less than or equal to 0.1 ohm-cm2 and/or a specific surface area greater than 300 m2/g, and is suitable to form improved carbon-based electrodes for use in high energy density devices.