Abstract: At a distal end side of an insertion portion of an endoscope, an image pickup portion for capturing an image and a bending portion capable of being bent are provided, and a bending instruction operation portion executes a bending instruction operation for the bending portion. According to the bending instruction operation by the bending instruction operation portion, the bending control portion executes the controlling bending of the bending portion. As a bending control mode for executing the operation of the bending control by the bending control portion, a first bending control mode for bending control corresponding to a first image captured by the image pickup portion and a second bending control mode for bending control displaying the distal end side of the insertion portion are provided.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion portion including a distal end portion, to be inserted into a subject; an observation optical system disposed in the insertion portion; an optical member configuring a part of an outer surface of the distal end portion, through which a photographing light to be incident into the observation optical system transmits; a first hydrophilic portion that is film-formed at least on a surface of the optical member; a second hydrophilic portion that is film-formed on a first surface of the distal end portion in which the optical member is disposed; and a third hydrophilic portion that is film-formed on a second surface separate from the first surface of the distal end portion.

Abstract: An objective optical system is provided at a tip end portion of an insertion portion of an endoscope. A plurality of markers capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave is placed at a target portion in an affected area. Each of the plurality of markers is adapted to transmit at least an information for defining the three-dimensional coordinates of the shape of the target area. At the rear end or the tip end portion of the insertion portion of the endoscope, a sensor is provided for electromagnetically detecting the information defining the three-dimensional coordinates of the shape of the target area and for determining the relative positional relation between the insertion portion and the three-dimensional coordinates of the shape of the target area.

Abstract: A granular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer which is less in the release velocity of a nitrogen component than a conventional granular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer and which is excellent in long-term persistence and the sustained releasability of the nitrogen component. The granular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer is prepared by granulating a mixture of a urea-aldehyde condensate and an oxidized wax. The content of the oxidized wax is preferably three to 25 weight percent and more preferably five to 15 weight percent. The oxidized wax contains polar groups and therefore has extremely excellent compatibility with the urea-aldehyde condensate. Therefore, the urea-aldehyde condensate, which is sparingly soluble, is extremely uniformly dispersed in the granular slow-release nitrogenous fertilizer according to the present invention; hence, the release velocity of the urea-aldehyde condensate into soil is low.

Abstract: An endoscope includes: an insertion portion including a distal end portion, to be inserted into a subject; an observation optical system disposed in the insertion portion; an optical member configuring a part of an outer surface of the distal end portion, through which a photographing light to be incident into the observation optical system transmits; a first hydrophilic portion that is film-formed at least on a surface of the optical member; a second hydrophilic portion that is film-formed on a first surface of the distal end portion in which the optical member is disposed; and a third hydrophilic portion that is film-formed on a second surface separate from the first surface of the distal end portion.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 is optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl, R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; X is O or S; and -A- is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt.

Abstract: At a distal end side of an insertion portion of an endoscope, an image pickup portion for capturing an image and a bending portion capable of being bent are provided, and a bending instruction operation portion executes a bending instruction operation for the bending portion. According to the bending instruction operation by the bending instruction operation portion, the bending control portion executes the controlling bending of the bending portion. As a bending control mode for executing the operation of the bending control by the bending control portion, a first bending control mode for bending control corresponding to a first image captured by the image pickup portion and a second bending control mode for bending control displaying the distal end side of the insertion portion are provided.

Abstract: An endoscope includes a slender insertion section of which the distal portion incorporates an image capturing device, and the back end of this insertion section is provided with an operating section to be gripped. A cable section is provided wherein a light guide cable for transmitting illumination light, and a signal cable connected to the image capturing device are integrally or separately extended from the operating section, and the connector of the edge portion of the cable section is freely detachably mounted to each of a light source device and a signal processing device. A mounting/detaching portion for freely detachably connecting a first unit serving as an insertion section side and a second unit serving as a cable section side is provided around between the distal end of the operating section and the proximal end thereof.

Abstract: An objective optical system is provided at a tip end portion of an insertion portion of an endoscope. A marker capable of transmitting an electromagnetic wave is placed at a target portion in an affected area and the like. At the rear end or the tip end portion of the insertion portion of the endoscope, a sensor for electromagnetically detecting the position of the placed marker is provided so as to form a predetermined positional relation with the position of the tip end portion.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is aryl or heterocyclic group which is optionally substituted with substituent(s); R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; -A- is lower alkylene; and —X— is —O— or —S—; provided that when then R1 is aryl which is substituted with substituent(s), or heterocyclic group which is optionally substituted with substituent(s), its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s); R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; and -A- is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is aryl or heterocyclic group which is optionally substituted with substituent(s); R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; -A- is lower alkylene; and —X—is —O— or —S—; provided that when then R1 is aryl which is substituted with substituent(s), or heterocyclic group which is optionally substituted with substituent(s), its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 is aryloxy, or aryl which is optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s); R2 is lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; and -A- is lower alkylene, its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds of the following formula: wherein B is  [wherein R1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; and X is hydrogen or hydroxy protective group], lower alkanoyl or hydroxyimino(lower)alkyl A is lower alkylene; W is heterocyclic or carbocyclic group, each of which may have one or more substituent(s); Z is heterocyclic group selected from the group consisting of imidazolyl, triazolyl,imidazopyridyl and adenyl, each of which may have one or more substituent(s); or a salt thereof, provided that when W is aryl which may have one or more substituent(s), then (i) Z is triazolyl, imidazopyridyl or adenyl, each of which may have one or more substituent(s); (ii) Z is imidazolyl which may have one or more substituent(s) and B is lower alkanoyl or hydroxyimino(lower)alkyl; or (iii) Z is imidazolyl which may have one or more substituent(s) and R1 and R2 are both lower alkyl.

Abstract: Imidazole compounds having adenosine deaminase inhibitory activity represented by formula (I) wherein R1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, protected hydroxy, or aryl optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s); R2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R3 is hydroxy or protected hydroxy; R4 is cyano, (hydroxy)iminoamino(lower)alkyl, carboxy, protected carboxy, heterocyclic group optionally substituted with amino, or carbamoyl optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s); and —A— is —Q— or —O—Q—, wherein Q is single bond or lower alkylene, provided that when R2 is lower alkyl, then R1 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, or aryl optionally substituted with suitable substituent(s), its prodrug, or their salt. The compounds are useful for treating and/or preventing diseases for which adenosine is effective.

Abstract: A medical system having an endoscope probe intubated into a body, a signal processing circuit for processing a signal for the probe and an electric source circuit insulated from a commercial electric source. A part of the signal processing circuit connected to the probe is isolated by an isolation circuit to secure the safety. An impedance element is employed to prevent a malfunction by reducing an emission/permeation of noises. No adverse influence is thereby exerted on outside units.

Abstract: Heterotricyclic derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, halogen, nitro, amino or protected amino,R.sup.2 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, halogen, amino or protected amino,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an organic group,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and--Z-- is --O-- or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (in which n is 0, 1 or 2), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new pyrazole derivatives represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is aryl which is substituted with substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of lower alkylthio, cyclo(lower)alkyl, hydroxy, hydroxy(lower) alkyl, cyano, lower alkylenedioxy, acyl, acyloxy, aryloxy and lower alkoxy optionally substituted with acyl or lower alkoxy,R.sup.2 is halogen, halo(lower)alkyl, cyano or acyl, andR.sup.3 is aryl substituted with nitro, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl or lower alkylsulfonyl, provided that when R.sup.3 is aryl substituted with nitro, hydroxy or lower alkoxy, then R.sup.1 is aryl substituted with lower alkylthio, lower alkylsulfinyl or lower alkylsulfonyl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, lower alkylthio, halogen, nitro, amino or protected amino,R.sup.2 is hydroxy, protected hydroxy, halogen, amino or protected amino,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or an organic group,R.sup.4 R is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.8 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and--Z-- is --O-- or a group of the formula: ##STR2## (in which n is 0, 1 or 2), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which are useful as a medicament.

Abstract: This invention relates to new thiophene derivatives having antiinflammatory and analgesic activities and represented by the general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, substituted lower alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted lower alkenyl, acyl, nitro, substituted or unsubstituted amino, sulfo, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, N-containing heterocyclicsulfonyl, hydoxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group,R.sup.2 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, andR.sup.3 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, provided that R.sup.3 is aryl substituted with substituent(s) selected from the group consisting of amino, mono(lower)-alkylamino, acylamino, lower alkyl(acyl)amino and sulfamoyl when R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogen or cyano, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to processes for the preparation thereof and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.