Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of esters of the general formula I from compounds of the general formula II contained in aqueous solutions which comprises a) extracting the compounds of the general formula II directly or after liberation from their salts in the presence of a C1-C8-alcohol and a water-immiscible solvent and b) then esterifying with the C1-C8-alcohol in the presence of a catalyst and of an entraining agent under the conditions of an azeotropic distillation, where the process steps (a) and (b) can be carried out separately in terms of time and space or else in a successive continuous or batchwise sequence and where the variables and substituents in the formulae I and II have the following meanings: R1=F, Cl, —OH, —OC1-C10-alkyl, R2=H, C1-C10-alkyl; R3=C1-C8-alkyl, Q=—OH, —O−K+, where K+ is an alkali metal cation or alkaline earth metal cation, n&equ

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for hydrolyzing optically active amides to carboxylic acids and optically active amines with retention of the center of chirality, where the hydrolysis of the amides is carried out with an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide in the presence of 5-30% by weight, based on the amide employed, of a polyol or an amino alcohol.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of optically pure acetylenediols of the formulae R-I and S-I 1

Abstract: A process for the preparation of optically pure acetylenediols of the formulae R-I and S-I 1

Abstract: Pharmaceutically active compounds are prepared as described and used to produce pharmaceutical preparations for treating diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for resolving racemates of alkoxy-substituted primary amines by reacting with an ester in the presence of a lipase and subsequently separating the optically active amide which is formed from the unreacted optically active amine. This is followed where appropriate by hydrolysis of the optically active amide, separation of the optically active amine produced thereby from the acid from which the ester is derived, racemization and recycling of the unwanted enantiomer of the amine, and esterification and recycling of the acid.

Abstract: Substituted 3-phenylpyrazoles of the formula I Salts thereof and use as herbicides.

Abstract: A process for preparing optically active primary and secondary heteroatom-substituted amines from the corresponding racemates, which comprises a) enantioselective acylation of a racemic heteroatom-substituted amine with an ester whose acid component carries a fluorine, nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen or sulfur atom in the vicinity of the carbonyl carbon, in the presence of a hydrolase, b) separation of the mixture of optically active heteroatom-substituted amine and optically active acylated heteroatom-substituted amine to obtain one enantiomer of the heteroatom-substituted amine, c) if required isolation of the other enantiomer of the heteroatom-substituted amine from the acylated heteroatom-substituted amine by amide cleavage.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing acylated amino esters and a process for preparing optically active amino esters from racemic amino esters with a carboxylic ester as acylating agent, whose acid component has a halogen, nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atom neighboring the carbonyl carbon atom, in the presence of a hydrolase selected from the group of amidase, protease, esterase and lipase, and subsequent separation of the enantioselectively acylated amino ester from the non-acylated other enantiomer of the amino ester.

Abstract: The process for purifying an .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-substituted carboxylic acid or a salt or an ester thereof or a mixture of two or more thereof from an aqueous solution which contains an .alpha.-, .beta.- or .gamma.-substituted carboxylic acid or a salt or an ester thereof or a mixture of two or more thereof and at least one polyol or at least one amino alcohol, wherein the solution is treated by electrodialysis.

Abstract: Substituted 3-phenylpyrazoles of formula (I), where R.sup.1 is H, or a substituent; R.sup.2 is CN, CF.sub.3, halogen; R.sup.3 is H, alkyl, halogenalkyl; R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 halogenalkyl; R.sup.5 is H, NO.sub.2, halogen, --COOR, optionally substituted aminocarbonyl (where R is H, a substituent); and Z is --O--, --S--, --SO--, --SO.sub.2 --; and argriculturally usable salts thereof, for use as herbicides.

Abstract: Carbamoylcarboxamides of the general formula I ##STR1## (R.sup.1 =unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl; R.sup.2 =hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, or an unsubstituted or substituted phenyl group which is bonded via oxygen or sulfur) and compositions comprising them, processes for their preparation, and the use of the compounds I and of the compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cleaving optically active amides to carboxylic acids and optically active amines with retention of the center of chirality, wherein the amides are hydrolyzed in the presence of a polyol or of an amino alcohol and of an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide.

Abstract: A process for the racemization of optically active amines of the formula (I), where Ar is an unsubstituted or substituted aryl and R is alkyl, in whicha) (I) is reacted with the ketone (II) in which Ar and R have the same meanings as for (I), to give the condensation product (III), ##STR1## b) (III) is racemized by treatment with base, ##STR2## c) the arylalkylamine (I) is liberated as racemate from racemic (III) by reaction with optically active (I).

Abstract: Substituted 3-phenylpyrazoles I ##STR1## are used as herbicides.

Abstract: Phosphonic esters I ##STR1## (A is an aromatic radical or an .alpha., .beta.-olefinically unsaturated group and R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or phenyl) are prepared by subjecting a phosphite II ##STR2## to a rearrangement reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of a halide ion-donating compound to give I. The compounds I are used as intermediates for organic syntheses, in particular for the synthesis of polyenes.

Abstract: Cyanoisoxazoles of the formula Ia or Ib ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl and R.sup.3 is alkoxy, alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or phenyl, it being possible for the organic radicals mentioned under R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 to be substituted in each case. The compounds of the Formula Ia or Ib are useful as herbicides.

Abstract: Aromatic vinyl compounds of the formula IAr--CH.dbd.CHR Iwhere Ar is an aromatic radical, and R is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl or unsubstituted or substituted phenyl, are prepared by reacting an alcohol of the formula IIAr--CH.sub.2 OH IIor an ester of the formula III ##STR1## where R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, in aqueous solution with a triarylphosphine and a strong acid and then, in the presence of a mineral base, with an aldehyde of the formula IVR--CHO IV.

Abstract: Naphthindazole-4,9-quinones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 to R.sup.5 have the meanings given in the disclosure, and their use for combating unwanted plant growth.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkyl 2-alkyl-4-fluoromethylthiazolecarboxylates of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl,R.sup.2 is difluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl andR.sup.3 is alkyl,by reacting thiocarboxamides of the formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.1 has the abovementioned meaning, with alkyl 2-chloro-4-fluoroacetoacetamides of the formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the abovementioned meanings, in an aprotic solvent at below 100.degree. C. and reacting with a dehydrating agent, in the presence of a base, at below 80.degree. C. is described.