Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for the assignment of a common edge application server (EAS) for ad-hoc groups of user equipment (UE). A method may include generating or updating binding information comprising a correlation between a group identifier of an ad-hoc group of user equipment (UE) and an edge application server (EAS) identifier assigned to the ad-hoc group, and storing, updating, and/or deleting the binding information, or causing the binding information to be stored, in a database.

Abstract: A network entity of a communication network receives a first message from a user equipment, the first message including at least first information regarding a domain name server query. In accordance with a first handling rule, the first message is processed by including second information regarding a subnet option into the first message, and the processed first message is forwarded to a domain name server. The network entity receives a second message from the domain name server, the second message including a response to the domain name server query and the second information. In accordance with a second handling rule, the second message is processed by replacing the second information, and the processed second message is forwarded to the user equipment.

Abstract: There is provided a computer program, method and apparatus for an application function that causes the application function to: signal, to a first network function, a first request to be notified of at least one change in first user plane functions associated with a first virtual network, the first virtual network comprising the first user plane functions and a first interface interfacing the first user plane functions with a first data network; receive, from the first network function, a first indication that said at least one change has occurred; and configure connectivity with at least one interface to the first virtual network in dependence on the at least one change indicated in the said first indication.

Abstract: Systems, methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for the assignment of a common edge application server (EAS) for ad-hoc groups of user equipment (UE). A method may include generating or updating binding information comprising a correlation between a group identifier of an ad-hoc group of user equipment (UE) and an edge application server (EAS) identifier assigned to the ad-hoc group, and storing, updating, and/or deleting the binding information, or causing the binding information to be stored, in a database.

Abstract: The Kerr effect depends very strongly on the temperature and is associated with high operating voltages. The present invention relates to an electrically controllable optical element which comprises a cell (D) filled with a starting mixture (K) and having two substrates (1a, 1b) and a conductive layer (2a, 2b) applied onto the inner surface of the respective substrate (1a, 1b), wherein the starting mixture (K) comprises a mixture of dipolar, rod-shaped molecules (5) and semi-mesogenes (4) as active constituents, and wherein the starting mixture (K) forms a thin layer having a wide-meshed, anisotropic network (9) produced by photo-polymerization between the structured or/and flat conductive layers (2a, 2b), which are applied onto a substrate (1a, 1b), in a thin-film cell (D). According to the invention, an optically active surface profile (O) is incorporated on the inner surface of a substrate (1a or 1b) or into the substrate (1a or 1b) or both substrates (1a and 1b).

Abstract: Method, apparatus and computer program product for an application function in a communications network detecting a request from a user equipment for direct peer-to-peer communication with at least one other user equipment, where the direct communication is performed without an application in a data center identified by a data network access identifier, instructing the network to set up said direct communication with the at least one other user equipment gathering information, during establishment/deestablishment of a packet data unit session with user equipment, of the at least one other user equipment participating in the direct communication, and coordinating connectivity between the user equipment and the other participating user equipment based on the received information.

Abstract: Upon receiving (S10) a request in a visited network in which a UE is roaming, an SMF selection function (10) of the visited network selects an H-SMF located in a home network of the UE by transmitting (S20) information indicating requirements towards an H-NRF (20) located in the home network, receiving (S40), based on the transmission of the information, at least one candidate H-SMF complying with the requirements, and selecting (S50) the H-SMF from the at least one candidate H-SMF.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for use in a communication network are provided. First protocol elements are acquired from a user plane of a first network entity of the communication network, the first network entity having a split network function into the user plane and a control plane. Second protocol elements are acquired from the control plane of the first network entity, and third protocol elements are generated from the first and second protocol elements for a second network entity of the communication network, the second network entity being separate from the first network entity.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding SDN security. The method comprises checking whether messages in the user plane comply to a preconfigured rule, and if it is determined that the messages comply to the preconfigured rule, checking whether a number of specific signaling messages related to address allocation that are sent to a controller has reached a predetermined threshold, and if the predetermined threshold has been reached, throttling transmission of the specific signaling messages to the controller.

Abstract: The Kerr effect depends very strongly on the temperature and is associated with high operating voltages. The present invention relates to an electrically controllable optical element which comprises a cell (D) filled with a starting mixture (K) and having two substrates (1a, 1b) and a conductive layer (2a, 2b) applied onto the inner surface of the respective substrate (1a, 1b), wherein the starting mixture (K) comprises a mixture of dipolar, rod-shaped molecules (5) and semi-mesogenes (4) as active constituents, and wherein the starting mixture (K) forms a thin layer having a wide-meshed, anisotropic network (9) produced by photo-polymerization between the structured or/and flat conductive layers (2a, 2b), which are applied onto a substrate (1a, 1b), in a thin-film cell (D). According to the invention, an optically active surface profile (O) is incorporated on the inner surface of a substrate (1a or 1b) or into the substrate (1a or 1b) or both substrates (1a and 1b).

Abstract: Method, apparatus and computer program product for an application function in a communications network detecting a request from a user equipment for direct peer-to-peer communication with at least one other user equipment, where the direct communication is performed without an application in a data center identified by a data network access identifier, instructing the network to set up said direct communication with the at least one other user equipment gathering information, during establishment/deestablishment of a packet data unit session with user equipment, of the at least one other user equipment participating in the direct communication, and coordinating connectivity between the user equipment and the other participating user equipment based on the received information.

Abstract: On a control plane or on a user plane of a communication system, a parameter of service quality for a session between a user equipment and a data network is received (S2B01), the parameter is evaluated (S2B02) for a change of the parameter, and based on the evaluation (S2B03), the change of the parameter is reported (S2B04) to the control plane of the communication system. On the control plane, the parameter is received (S2A01). The parameter is evaluated (S2A02), and based on the evaluation (S2A03), re-location of a user plane network function is initiated and/or a new user plane network function is inserted (S2A04).

Abstract: Upon receiving (S10) a request in a visited network in which a UE is roaming, an SMF selection function (10) of the visited network selects an H-SMF located in a home network of the UE by transmitting (S20) information indicating requirements towards an H-NRF (20) located in the home network, receiving (S40), based on the transmission of the information, at least one candidate H-SMF complying with the requirements, and selecting (S50) the H-SMF from the at least one candidate H-SMF.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that at least one virtualized communication function or application providing services related to a communication network is instantiated, preparing an indication related to the instantiation of the at least one virtualized communication function or application, and causing transmission of the prepared indication to at least one of a network element of the communication network, a network function of the communication network, a communication function, an application and a database to which network elements, network functions, communication functions or applications in the communication network have access.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that at least one virtualized communication function or application providing services related to a communication network is instantiated, preparing an indication related to the instantiation of the at least one virtualized communication function or application, and causing transmission of the prepared indication to at least one of a network element of the communication network, a network function of the communication network, a communication function, an application and a database to which network elements, network functions, communication functions or applications in the communication network have access.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficient and dynamic support of mobile low latency services including maintaining, by a control plane entity of an inter mobile device information exchange service hosting management functionality for said service, information on a plurality of participants of said service in a service area. A forwarding rule indicative of forwarding messages related to said service from a sender participant of said plurality of participants to a receiver participant of said plurality of participants is generated based on said information on said plurality of participants of said service in said service area. The forwarding rule is transmitted to a user plane entity of said service, and said user plane entity is located in a connection path between said control plane entity and said first participant of said service and in a connection path between said control plane entity and said second participant of said service.

Abstract: In order to configure or produce an electrically controllable optical element on the basis of the electro-optic Kerr effect with a low threshold and operating voltage, a minimized temperature dependence of the effect and a low response time, the Kerr liquid according to the invention comprises a mixture of rod-shaped molecules and non-rod-shaped molecules as active composites, a thin layer having a pre-stamping, wide-mesh, anisotropic network between structured and/or planar conductive layer applied to a substrate thus configure a thin-film cell in such a way that without electric field the state of the active composite of the Kerr liquid in the working temperature region RT is isotropic and that by electrically continuous adjustment, of the voltage U or by a switching-on or switching-off a change the voltage U, in the optical element a voltage-induced phase shift or a refractive index deviation is generated and the light passes through an electrode gap perpendicular to the electrodes.

Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising requesting a resource for a service from a network, wherein the request includes a requirement indication indicating a requirement to the resource to be fulfilled for the service.

Abstract: Handover in software defined networking. The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media usable for handover in software defined networking, for example X2 and/or S1-MME handover at source eNB and target eNB. The method includes requesting, by a first entity in a first plane, a first entity in a second plane to report a parameter to the first entity in the first plane, receiving, at the first entity in the first plane, the reported parameter, and forwarding, by the first entity in the first plane, the parameter to a second entity in the first plane.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for efficient and dynamic support of mobile low latency services including maintaining, by a control plane entity of an inter mobile device information exchange service hosting management functionality for said service, information on a plurality of participants of said service in a service area. A forwarding rule indicative of forwarding messages related to said service from a sender participant of said plurality of participants to a receiver participant of said plurality of participants is generated based on said information on said plurality of participants of said service in said service area. The forwarding rule is transmitted to a user plane entity of said service, and said user plane entity is located in a connection path between said control plane entity and said first participant of said service and in a connection path between said control plane entity and said second participant of said service.