Abstract: It is provided a method, comprising requesting a resource for a service from a network, wherein the request includes a requirement indication indicating a requirement to the resource to be fulfilled for the service.

Abstract: There are provided measures for efficient and dynamic support of mobile low latency services.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are configured to host subscription data of communication elements of a communication network attached to virtualized network functions on the basis of a stored indication, and storing an indication for the virtualized network functions indicating whether the virtualized network functions are de-instantiated. A message directed to a virtualized network function is received and processed, and the method then checks whether the virtualized network function is indicated to be still instantiated or not. If the results of the checking is that the virtualized network function is de-instantiated, a simulation process is conducted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method which obtain an indication related to a de-instantiation of at least one virtualized network function providing services to a communication network. The obtained indication is used for determining or recognizing the virtualized network function being de-instantiated and for avoiding conducting a communication attempt to the virtualized network function to be de-instantiated.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that at least one virtualized network function providing services related to a communication network is to be de-instantiated, preparing an indication related to the de-instantiation of the at least one virtualized network function, and causing transmission of the prepared indication to at least one of a network element of the communication network, a network function of the communication network and a database to which network elements or network functions of the communication network have access.

Abstract: The present invention addresses method, apparatus and computer program product for enabling improved coexistence of Software Defined Network, Network Function Virtualization, and legacy networks. Thereby, information about characteristics of available core network nodes is obtained, it is determined, upon receiving a signaling request from a network node, which type of network node the signaling network node is, among at least a legacy network node, a virtualized network node and a software defined networking network node, and at least one network node to be used as gateway is selected from the available core network nodes, according to the determined type of signaling/originating network node and a policy set in advance for minimizing traffic load.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding SDN security. The method comprises checking whether messages in the user plane comply to a preconfigured rule, and if it is determined that the messages comply to the preconfigured rule, checking whether a number of specific signaling messages related to address allocation that are sent to a controller has reached a predetermined threshold, and if the predetermined threshold has been reached, throttling transmission of the specific signaling messages to the controller.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding SDN security. The method comprises checking whether messages in the user plane comply to a preconfigured rule, and if it is determined that the messages comply to the preconfigured rule, checking whether a number of specific signaling messages related to address allocation that are sent to a controller has reached a predetermined threshold, and if the predetermined threshold has been reached, throttling transmission of the specific signaling messages to the controller.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are provided by which control in a virtual network is performed, in which resources of a network are modeled, wherein a network element is configured to be controlled by a first application control element, the method comprising establishing control information indicating at least one second application control element which is to be enabled to configure and/or control the network element, and sending the control information to a network control element. This network control element forwards the configuration information to a network element controller controlling the network element to accept configuration messages from the second application control element.

Abstract: A method comprising determining that at least one virtualized network function providing services related to a communication network is to be de-instantiated, preparing an indication related to the de-instantiation of the at least one virtualized network function, and causing transmission of the prepared indication to at least one of a network element of the communication network, a network function of the communication network and a database to which network elements or network functions of the communication network have access.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured to receive and process an attach request from a communication element of a communication network. A response to the attached request is prepared, and transmission of the response is caused. The preparing of the response includes first identification data identifying the virtualized network function and second identification data identifying an intermediate network element or network function being related to the virtualized network function.

Abstract: There are provided measures for efficient and dynamic support of mobile low latency services.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for use in a communication network are provided. First protocol elements are acquired from a user plane of a first network entity of the communication network, the first network entity having a split network function into the user plane and a control plane. Second protocol elements are acquired from the control plane of the first network entity, and third protocol elements are generated from the first and second protocol elements for a second network entity of the communication network, the second network entity being separate from the first network entity.

Abstract: In order to configure or produce an electrically controllable optical element on the basis of the electro-optic Kerr effect with a low threshold and operating voltage, a minimized temperature dependence of the effect and a low response time, the Kerr liquid according to the invention comprises a mixture of rod-shaped molecules and non-rod-shaped molecules as active composites, a thin layer having a pre-stamping, wide-mesh, anisotropic network between structured and/or planar conductive layer applied to a substrate thus configure a thin-film cell in such a way that without electric field the state of the active composite of the Kerr liquid in the working temperature region RT is isotropic and that by electrically continuous adjustment, of the voltage U or by a switching-on or switching-off a change the voltage U, in the optical element a voltage-induced phase shift or a refractive index deviation is generated and the light passes through an electrode gap perpendicular to the electrodes.

Abstract: The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media regarding SDN security. The method comprises checking whether messages in the user plane comply to a preconfigured rule, and if it is determined that the messages comply to the preconfigured rule, checking whether a number of specific signaling messages related to address allocation that are sent to a controller has reached a predetermined threshold, and if the predetermined threshold has been reached, throttling transmission of the specific signaling messages to the controller.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are provided by which an apparatus (e.g., an MME) establishes a connection session in a network which involves a network resource (e.g., SGW) to be selected, and selects at least one of a control plane (e.g., SGW-C) and a user plane (e.g., SGW-U) of the network resource.

Abstract: Handover in software defined networking. The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media usable for handover in software defined networking, for example X2 and/or S1-MME handover at source eNB and target eNB. The method includes requesting, by a first entity in a first plane, a first entity in a second plane to report a parameter to the first entity in the first plane, receiving, at the first entity in the first plane, the reported parameter, and forwarding, by the first entity in the first plane, the parameter to a second entity in the first plane.

Abstract: Handover in software defined networking The present invention provides apparatuses, methods, computer programs, computer program products and computer-readable media usable for handover in software defined networking, for example X2 and/or S1-MME handover at source eNB and target eNB. The method includes requesting, by a first entity in a first plane, a first entity in a second plane to report a parameter to the first entity in the first plane, receiving, at the first entity in the first plane, the reported parameter, and forwarding, by the first entity in the first plane, the parameter to a second entity in the first plane.

Abstract: The present invention addresses a method, apparatus and computer program product for enabling PMM/ECM IDLE buffering within software defined network architecture. Thereby, it is indicated that a user plane idle state is active, a buffer for a user plane idle procedure is allocated in a user plane node, and a communications protocol controller is notified about received packets at the user plane node, wherein only the first received packet is to be indicated to the communications protocol controller while any subsequent received packet is appended to the allocated buffer.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are configured to receive and process an attach request from a communication element of a communication network. A response to the attached request is prepared, and transmission of the response is caused. The preparing of the response includes first identification data identifying the virtualized network function and second identification data identifying an intermediate network element or network function being related to the virtualized network function.