Abstract: A laser apparatus includes a laser oscillator; an acousto-optic modulation unit including a first acousto-optic modulator that diffracts a laser beam from the laser oscillator when a first ultrasonic wave is applied and a second acousto-optic modulator that diffracts a higher order beam output from the first acousto-optic modulator when a second ultrasonic wave is applied; and an amplifier that amplifies the laser beam from the acousto-optic modulation unit, a propagation direction of the first ultrasonic wave relative to a diffracted direction of the higher order beam emitted from the first acousto-optic modulator and a propagation direction of the second ultrasonic wave relative to a diffracted direction of a higher order beam emitted from the second acousto-optic modulator being different.

Abstract: A wig including a wig base having a wearing portion to be worn on a head; and a hair portion having hairs affixed to the wig base; the hair portion being cut such that at least one part of a first hair portion that is located on the head when the wig is worn on the head is configured to project toward the head.

Abstract: There is provided a method of production of chlorine.sodium hydroxide capable of being operated stably and economically by preventing calcium from being deposited in an ion exchange membrane. The liquid retention layer 3 having a liquid retention amount per unit volume of the liquid retention layer of 0.10 g-H2O/cm3 or more and 0.80 g-H2O/cm3 or less is put between the ion exchange membrane 12 and the gas diffusion electrode 16. Calcium ions transferred through the ion exchange membrane 12 easily diffuse, thereby making it possible to suppress increase in an electrolytic voltage and drop in current efficiency generated by deposition of the calcium ions inside the ion exchange membrane 12.

Abstract: A small, lightweight, and inexpensive gas generator for an airbag device. The gas generator for an airbag device according to the present invention includes: a deployment activating initiator that accommodates a predetermined amount of ignition powder and is activated by an impact on a vehicle; a main gas generating agent that generates a main gas for inflating an airbag when burned; a main gas generation chamber that accommodates the main gas generating agent; a secondary gas generation chamber that is provided in an interior of the main gas generation chamber and accommodates the initiator; and a secondary gas generating agent accommodated in the secondary gas generation chamber.

Abstract: There is provided a method of production of chlorine.sodium hydroxide capable of being operated stably and economically by preventing calcium from being deposited in an ion exchange membrane. The liquid retention layer 3 having a liquid retention amount per unit volume of the liquid retention layer of 0.10 g-H2O/cm3 or more and 0.80 g-H2O/cm3 or less is put between the ion exchange membrane 12 and the gas diffusion electrode 16. Calcium ions transferred through the ion exchange membrane 12 easily diffuse, thereby making it possible to suppress increase in an electrolytic voltage and drop in current efficiency generated by deposition of the calcium ions inside the ion exchange membrane 12.

Abstract: [Problems] The liquid pressure of an anode chamber in a two-chamber ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell using a gas diffusion electrode are different among one another depending on depths so that the liquid pressures are applied on an anode or an ion exchange membrane, thereby introducing damage or deformation of the elements. [Means for Solving] A cushion material 10 is accommodated between a cathode gas chamber back plate 9 and a gas diffusion electrode 7 of an ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell 1 such that a repulsive force of the cushion material at the bottom part of the cathode gas chamber is larger than that at the top part. The excessive pressure applied to an ion exchange membrane is suppressed to prevent the generation of scratches or the like by decreasing the repulsive force of the cushion material toward the top in accordance with a differential pressure between an anode chamber pressure and a cathode gas chamber pressure.

Abstract: A universal hair tapering razor for tapering hair includes a cutting blade portion, a shank portion and a handle portion, the cutting blade portion including blade means having a cutting blade with a cutting edge for tapering hair, tapering regulating means, and blade holding means having a flat portion which comes into close contact with the panel of hair to be tapered, with the cutting edge and the outer surface of the flat portion both being on an identical reference plane, and the cutting blade is disposed at an angle ?1 in the range of 0°<?1?40° with respect to the reference plane, and the handle portion is disposed at an angle ?2 in the range of 10°??2?40° with respect to the cutting blade portion. There is also provided a universal hair tapering method of tapering hair that can create two or more different types of hairstyles as desired from one type of hair tapering, which method can be performed with this hair tapering razor.

Abstract: A small, lightweight, and inexpensive gas generator for an airbag device. The gas generator for an airbag device according to the present invention includes: a deployment activating initiator that accommodates a predetermined amount of ignition powder and is activated by an impact on a vehicle; a main gas generating agent that generates a main gas for inflating an airbag when burned; a main gas generation chamber that accommodates the main gas generating agent; a secondary gas generation chamber that is provided in an interior of the main gas generation chamber and accommodates the initiator; and a secondary gas generating agent accommodated in the secondary gas generation chamber.

Abstract: A universal hair tapering razor for tapering hair includes a cutting blade portion, a shank portion and a handle portion, the cutting blade portion including blade means having a cutting blade with a cutting edge for tapering hair, tapering regulating means, and blade holding means having a flat portion which comes into close contact with the panel of hair to be tapered, with the cutting edge and the outer surface of the flat portion both being on an identical reference plane, and the cutting blade is disposed at an angle ?1 in the range of 0°<?1 ?40° with respect to the reference plane, and the handle portion is disposed at an angle ?2 in the range of 10°??2?40° with respect to the cutting blade portion. There is also provided a universal hair tapering method of tapering hair that can create two or more different types of hairstyles as desired from one type of hair tapering, which method can be performed with this hair tapering razor.

Abstract: In a gas diffusion electrode assembly, and in an electrolyzer using the same, a bonding piece having on at least one surface a perfluorosulfonic acid layer, a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride layer or an alkyl ester of perfluorocarboxylic acid layer is positioned at its perfluoro compound layer surface with respect to the gas diffusion electrode assembly. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are heat fusion bonded together, or heat fusion bonding is carried out using the bonding piece in a frame form. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are sealed up by heat fusion bonding, using a material that is similar to the material that forms the gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: [Problems] The liquid pressure of an anode chamber in a two-chamber ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell using a gas diffusion electrode are different among one another depending on depths so that the liquid pressures are applied on an anode or an ion exchange membrane, thereby introducing damage or deformation of the elements. [Means for Solving] A cushion material 10 is accommodated between a cathode gas chamber back plate 9 and a gas diffusion electrode 7 of an ion exchange membrane electrolytic cell 1 such that a repulsive force of the cushion material at the bottom part of the cathode gas chamber is larger than that at the top part. The excessive pressure applied to an ion exchange membrane is suppressed to prevent the generation of scratches or the like by decreasing the repulsive force of the cushion material toward the top in accordance with a differential pressure between an anode chamber pressure and a cathode gas chamber pressure.

Abstract: A receiving unit receives from a second terminal, a switching request message requesting switching of a counterpart of a communication that a third terminal is establishing with a first terminal, from the first terminal to the second terminal. When receiving the switching request message, a selecting unit selects one of the second and third terminals based on a predetermined rule, as a transmission source terminal that transmits an establishment request message requesting establishment of a communication between the second terminal and the third terminal. A transmitting unit transmits to the transmission source terminal, a transmission request message requesting transmission of the establishment request message.

Abstract: In a gas diffusion electrode assembly, and in an electrolyzer using the same, a bonding piece having on at least one surface a perfluorosulfonic acid layer, a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride layer or an alkyl ester of perfluorocarboxylic acid layer is positioned at its perfluoro compound layer surface with respect to the gas diffusion electrode assembly. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are heat fusion bonded together, or heat fusion bonding is carried out using the bonding piece in a frame form. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are sealed up by heat fusion bonding, using a material that is similar to the material that forms the gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: In a gas diffusion electrode assembly, and in an electrolyzer using the same, a bonding piece having on at least one surface a perfluorosulfonic acid layer, a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride layer or an alkyl ester of perfluorocarboxylic acid layer is positioned at its perfluoro compound layer surface with respect to the gas diffusion electrode assembly. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are heat fusion bonded together, or heat fusion bonding is carried out using the bonding piece in a frame form. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are sealed up by heat fusion bonding, using a material that is similar to the material that forms the gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: In a gas diffusion electrode assembly, and in an electrolyzer using the same, a bonding piece having on at least one surface a perfluorosulfonic acid layer, a perfluorosulfonyl fluoride layer or an alky ester of perfluorocarboxylic acid layer is positioned at its perfluoro compound layer surface with respect to the gas diffusion electrode assembly. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are heat fusion bonded together, or heat fusion bonding is carried out using the bonding piece in a frame form. Adjacent gas diffusion electrodes are sealed up by heat fusion bonding, using a material that is similar to the material that forms the gas diffusion electrodes.

Abstract: Provided is a process which permits, upon preparation of chlorine and a caustic alkali by electrolyzing an aqueous alkali chloride solution in an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode, decrease of an excess ratio of an oxygen containing gas to be fed newly to the gas diffusion cathode and facilitates temperature control of the electrolytic cell. A process for electrolyzing an alkali chloride comprising: introducing saline water into an anode chamber of an ion-exchange-membrane-method alkali chloride electrolytic cell equipped with a gas diffusion cathode; and introducing an oxygen-containing gas into a gas chamber of a gas diffusion cathode, to thereby obtain chlorine in the anode chamber and an aqueous caustic alkali solution in the cathode chamber.

Abstract: A method of operating an alkali chloride electrolytic cell, comprising: providing an alkali chloride electrolytic cell comprising a gas diffusion cathode and a cation-exchange membrane, the gas diffusion cathode and cation-exchange membrane defining a caustic chamber; allowing a caustic alkali aqueous solution to flow in the caustic chamber at a linear velocity of at least 1 cm/sec.

Abstract: An electrolytic cell using an oxygen cathode, for use in an ion-exchange membrane electrolytic soda process or the like, the electrolytic cell having; a structure, wherein, for effective supply and discharge of a caustic liquid and for an effective handling of a caustic liquid leakage, provided on an outer-side edge of the electrolytic cell are an upper chamber as a caustic liquid discharge outlet, a lower chamber as a caustic liquid introduction inlet, and a caustic-liquid room frame connected via a caustic liquid passage to thereby reduce a caustic liquid leakage; a structure, wherein a lower gas chamber is provided at the lower outer end of a cathode element to thereby handle a caustic liquid leakage from a gas diffusion electrode to a gas room; or a structure which uses a gas-liquid permeating gas diffusion electrode to supply an oxygen gas from an upper chamber communicating with a gas room and discharge a gas and a caustic liquid into a lower chamber.