Abstract: An analysis device includes a turntable, an optical pickup, and a controller. The turntable holds a specimen analysis disc having reaction regions on which nanoparticles binding to substances to be detected are captured. The optical pickup emits laser light to each reaction region, receives a reflected light from each reaction region, and generates a light reception level signal. The controller sequentially generates a plurality of measurement gate signals for counting the number of the nanoparticles captured on each reaction region, counts the number of the nanoparticles of each of the measurement gate signals based on the light reception level signal, specifies a measurement gate section in each reaction region according to a measurement result per measurement gate signal, and adds up the number of the nanoparticles of the respective measurement gate signals in the measurement gate section.

Abstract: A recessed portion and a protruding portion arranged periodically are formed on a base portion. In the recessed portion, an antibody that binds to an antigen existing on a surface of each exosome to be detected is immobilized and then caused to bind to the exosomes. The width of the protruding portion is smaller than the average particle diameter of the exosomes.

Abstract: An analysis device includes a turntable holding a substrate, an optical pickup driven in a direction perpendicular to a rotation axis of the turntable and configured to emit laser light to reaction regions and to receive reflected light from the respective reaction regions, an optical pickup drive circuit, and a controller. The reaction regions are formed at positions different from the center of the substrate. The center of the substrate is located on the rotation axis of the turntable. The optical pickup detects a reception level of the reflected light to generate a light reception level signal. The controller controls a turntable drive circuit to rotate the substrate, controls the optical pickup drive circuit to drive the optical pickup, and specifies the respective reaction regions in accordance with a positional information signal and the light reception level signal.

Abstract: A first sample solution including exosomes including first to third detection target substances is mixed with a first buffer solution including first nanoparticles including first binding substances which bind to the first detection target substances. The first detection target substances and the first binding substances are bound together, so as to form first complexes of the exosomes and the first nanoparticles. The first complexes are isolated from a mixed solution of the first sample solution and the first buffer solution. The second detection target substances and the second binding substances are bound together, so as to capture the first complexes on a substrate. The second binding substances are fixed onto the substrate. A second buffer solution including second nanoparticles including third binding substances which bind to the third detection target substances is reacted with the first complexes.

Abstract: An analysis device includes an optical scanning unit and a pulse waveform analysis unit. The optical scanning unit optically scans a surface of a substrate to which analytes binding to particles are fixed, and obtains a detection signal from the substrate. The pulse waveform analysis unit includes an amplitude determination unit configured to determine whether a peak value of the pulse waveform is within a first range smaller than a first level and greater than a second level having a polarity identical to the first level; and a pulse width determination unit configured to determine whether a pulse width of the pulse waveform is within a second range.

Abstract: An analysis device optically scans a surface of a substrate to which particles are fixed, detects a pulse wave included in a detection signal obtained from an optical scanning unit when the optical scanning unit scans the substrate, and counts the particles based on pulse interval between two pulse waves each having pulse width less than first reference value determined depending on first pulse width when the optical scanning unit scans a plurality of particles adjacent to each other when the two pulse waves are detected consecutively.

Abstract: An analysis device optically scans a surface of a substrate to which analytes and particles for labeling the analytes are fixed, detects a pulse wave included in a detection signal obtained from an optical scanning unit when the optical scanning unit scans the substrate, and counts the analytes and determines that the analyte count is one when two pulse waves are detected consecutively each having pulse width less than first reference value determined depending on first pulse width in the detection signal when the optical scanning unit scans a plurality of particles adjacent to each other.

Abstract: A recessed portion and a protruding portion arranged periodically are formed on a base portion. In the recessed portion, an antibody that binds to an antigen existing on a surface of each exosome to be detected is immobilized and then caused to bind to the exosomes. The width of the protruding portion is smaller than the average particle diameter of the exosomes.

Abstract: A sample analysis disc has concave sections and convex sections formed alternately in a track area of a disc surface. Labeled beads are immobilized to the track area. Each labeled bead has a biopolymer bound thereto. Only one of the labeled beads is allowed to be filled in each concave section.

Abstract: A sample analysis disc has concave sections and convex sections formed alternately in a track area of a disc surface. Labeled beads are immobilized to the track area. Each labeled bead has a biopolymer bound thereto. Only one of the labeled beads is allowed to be filled in each concave section.

Abstract: An optical disc has a first transparent substrate, a second substrate, and at least a first and a second recording layer formed between the substrates. The first substrate has a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam, the second surface having a first concave section and a first convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the first concave section being farther than the first convex section from the incidence surface, first pre-pits being formed on the first concave section. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the second concave section being farther than the second convex section from the incidence surface, second pre-pits being formed on the second concave section, a top surface of each second pre-pit being closer than a top surface of the second convex section to the beam surface.

Abstract: An optical disk has a first and a second intermediate disk structure. The first structure includes at least a first transparent substrate, a first recording layer, and a first reflective layer. The first substrate has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam in recording or reproduction of data. The second surface has a first concave section and a first convex section formed thereon. The first recording layer and the first reflective layer are stack in order on the second surface via the first concave and convex sections. The second structure includes at least a second substrate, a second reflective layer, and a second recording layer. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed thereon. The second reflective layer and the second recording layer are stack in order on the second substrate via the second concave and convex sections.

Abstract: An optical disc has a first transparent substrate, a second substrate, and at least a first and a second recording layer formed between the substrates. The first substrate has a first surface and an opposing second surface, the first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam, the second surface having a first concave section and a first convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the first concave section being farther than the first convex section from the incidence surface, first pre-pits being formed on the first concave section. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed adjacent to each other thereon, the second concave section being farther than the second convex section from the incidence surface, second pre-pits being formed on the second concave section, a top surface of each second pre-pit being closer than a top surface of the second convex section to the beam surface.

Abstract: An optical disc has a first transparent substrate and a second substrate. The first substrate has a first surface and an opposing second surface. The first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam in recording or reproduction of data. The second surface has first concave sections and first convex sections alternately formed thereon. The first concave sections are closer than the first convex sections to the beam incidence surface. The first convex sections have first top portions and first bottom portions closer than the first top portions to the beam incidence surface. First pre-pits carrying auxiliary information related to the data is formed on the first top portions. Each first top portion has a first width orthogonal to a direction of tracks on the first substrate. A second width orthogonal to the above direction between two first top portions of adjacent first convex sections having a first concave section therebetween is narrower than the first width.

Abstract: An organic compound having an affinity for a resin of a molded resin article and sublimation properties is allowed to penetrate/disperse into the surface of the molded resin article, thereby modifying and/or coloring a resin surface layer. The molded resin article and the organic compound having the affinity for the resin and the sublimation properties are put into a tightly closable container, and the pressure and the temperature in the container are adjusted to place them in a saturated sublimation pressure state of the organic compound, whereby a vapor of the organic compound is uniformly deposited on the surface of the molded resin article and it further penetrates/disperses into the resin surface layer, and in consequence, the resin surface layer can be modified and/or colored. In addition, the modification of the resin surface layer permits imparting a function thereto.

Abstract: An organic compound having an affinity for a resin of a molded resin article and sublimation properties is allowed to penetrate/disperse into the surface of the molded resin article, thereby modifying and/or coloring a resin surface layer. The molded resin article and the organic compound having the affinity for the resin and the sublimation properties are put into a tightly closable container, and the pressure and the temperature in the container are adjusted to place them in a saturated sublimation pressure state of the organic compound, whereby a vapor of the organic compound is uniformly deposited on the surface of the molded resin article and it further penetrates/disperses into the resin surface layer, and in consequence, the resin surface layer can be modified and/or colored. In addition, the modification of the resin surface layer permits imparting a function thereto.

Abstract: An optical disk has a first and a second intermediate disk structure. The first structure includes at least a first transparent substrate, a first recording layer, and a first reflective layer. The first substrate has a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is a beam incidence surface for a laser beam in recording or reproduction of data. The second surface has a first concave section and a first convex section formed thereon. The first recording layer and the first reflective layer are stack in order on the second surface via the first concave and convex sections. The second structure includes at least a second substrate, a second reflective layer, and a second recording layer. The second substrate has a second concave section and a second convex section formed thereon. The second reflective layer and the second recording layer are stack in order on the second substrate via the second concave and convex sections.

Abstract: An organic compound having an affinity for a resin of a molded resin article and sublimation properties is allowed to penetrate/disperse into the surface of the molded resin article, thereby modifying and/or coloring a resin surface layer. The molded resin article and the organic compound having the affinity for the resin and the sublimation properties are put into a tightly closable container, and the pressure and the temperature in the container are adjusted to place them in a saturated sublimation pressure state of the organic compound, whereby a vapor of the organic compound is uniformly deposited on the surface of the molded resin article and it further penetrates/disperses into the resin surface layer, and in consequence, the resin surface layer can be modified and/or colored. In addition, the modification of the resin surface layer permits imparting a function thereto.

Abstract: An optical disk has a first intermediate disk structure and a second intermediate disk structure. The first intermediate disk structure has at least a first optically-transparent substrate and a first recording layer, laminated in order. The second intermediate disk structure has at least a second substrate, a reflective layer, a second recording layer and an optically-transparent-resin thin-film layer, laminated in order. The second recording layer has an organic dye soluble in an alcohol solution or a Cellosolve solution. The optically-transparent-resin thin-film layer has a thermoplastic resin that is softened and deformed at a particular temperature or lower at which the organic dye of the second recording layer is decomposed when absorbing an irradiated laser beam in recording.

Abstract: An organic compound having an affinity for a resin of a molded resin article and sublimation properties is allowed to penetrate/disperse into the surface of the molded resin article, thereby modifying and/or coloring a resin surface layer. The molded resin article and the organic compound having the affinity for the resin and the sublimation properties are put into a tightly closable container, and the pressure and the temperature in the container are adjusted to place them in a saturated sublimation pressure state of the organic compound, whereby a vapor of the organic compound is uniformly deposited on the surface of the molded resin article and it further penetrates/disperses into the resin surface layer, and in consequence, the resin surface layer can be modified and/or colored. In addition, the modification of the resin surface layer permits imparting a function thereto.