Abstract: The present invention is a wafer temperature control device for controlling the temperature of a wafer by regulating the pressure of a heat transfer gas, the wafer temperature control device being capable of estimating the temperature of the wafer with sufficient accuracy and controlling the temperature of the wafer to a target temperature, and including: a pressure regulator configured to regulate the pressure of the heat transfer gas; a nearby temperature sensor configured to measure a nearby temperature of the wafer, a temperature estimation observer configured to estimate the temperature of the wafer based on the nearby temperature measured by the nearby temperature sensor and a manipulated pressure variable input to the pressure regulator or the pressure regulated by the pressure regulator, and a controller configured to control the manipulated pressure variable based on a temperature setting and an estimated wafer temperature estimated by the temperature estimation observer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition that controls pharmacokinetics. Specifically, the present invention provides: a composition for controlling pharmacokinetics, the composition containing a polyvalent cation as an active ingredient; and a method for controlling pharmacokinetics using the polyvalent cation.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an information processing device includes processing circuitry configured to calculate a first index based on a plurality of pieces of first prediction data on an amount of electric power generated by a first electric power generation resource and a penalty imposed when an amount of electric power supplied to an electric power system is insufficient or excessive for a first amount of electric power which corresponds to a planned value of electric power generation amount, the first index being an index related to a yield obtained in a case that the first amount of electric power is tentatively bid in a first market; and determine a second amount of electric power to be bid in the first market based on the first index.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound (1) represented by the formula (1), (wherein R101 and R102 are each individually a substituent such as a C1-C7 alkyl group, and the substituent optionally contains at least one divalent to hexavalent hetero atom in a structure or optionally has a structure obtained by replacing at least one hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group) and at least one compound (11) selected from compounds such as a compound represented by formula (11-1) (wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom or the like, and R113 is an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom or the like):

Abstract: Provided is a composition which has an excellent affinity with the surface of an adhesive agent and can achieve a high etching rate. The composition according to one embodiment comprises: a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride or a hydrate of a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride; and, as an aprotic solvent, (A) an N-substituted amide compound having no active hydrogen on a nitrogen atom, and (B) a dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, wherein (B) the dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether has the percentage of a structural isomer represented by formula (1) of at least 50 mass % with respect to the total amount of (B) the dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group; and R is an organic group containing one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds. The method includes reacting an unsaturated cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (A): wherein X1 and X2 are defined as described above, and an alcohol represented by the formula (B): R—OH, wherein R is defined as described above, or an alkoxide thereof in the presence of a base, or reacting the unsaturated cyclic carbonate and the alkoxide. Also disclosed is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R101 and R102 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom; and R103 is an alkyl group or an organic group containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. Also disclosed is an electrochemical device and lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte solution, and a module including the electrochemical device or lithium ion secondary battery.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, containing a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl group optionally containing an ether bond, and wherein chloride ion is present at a concentration of 1.0×10?6 to 1.0×103 ppm. Also disclosed is an electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, containing an imidazolium cation (1-1) represented by the following formula (1-1), a bis(oxalato)borate anion, and a hexafluorophosphate anion, the formula (1-1) being: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl group optionally containing an ether bond, and wherein chloride ion is present at a concentration of 1.0×10?6 to 1.0×103 ppm.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R131 is a C6-C12 aryl group):

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition which is suppressed in decrease of the etching rate over time. A composition which contains; at least one of a quaternary alkyl ammonium fluoride and a hydrate of a quaternary alkyl ammonium fluoride; (A) an N-substituted amide compound that has no active hydrogen on a nitrogen atom and (B) a dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, which serve as aprotic solvents; and an antioxidant.

Abstract: Provided is a composition which has an excellent affinity with the surface of an adhesive agent and can achieve a high etching rate. The composition according to one embodiment comprises: a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride or a hydrate of a quaternary alkylammonium fluoride; and, as an aprotic solvent, (A) an N-substituted amide compound having no active hydrogen on a nitrogen atom, and (B) a dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, wherein (B) the dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether has the percentage of a structural isomer represented by formula (1) of at least 50 mass % with respect to the total amount of (B) the dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.

Abstract: A method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate which includes reacting XSO3H, wherein X is a leaving group other than fluorine, with a lithium source and a fluorine source. Also disclosed is a composition containing XSO3H.

Abstract: A unit-type polyion complex for use in delivering nucleic acid to a target site in a patient includes one or more molecules of a block copolymer having a poly(ethylene glycol) segment and a cationic poly(amino acid) segment and one or more molecules of a nucleic acid. A total quantity of positive charges derived from side chains of the cationic poly(amino acid) segment of the block copolymer in the unit-type polyion complex is not offset by a total quantity of negative charges derived from the nucleic acid. Furthermore, the nucleic acid has a strand length of 10-50 bases, the molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol) segment is 40×103 or more, and the block copolymer has a binding constant (Ka) for the nucleic acid of 3.0×105 or more.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing at least one compound represented by formula (1-1) and formula (1-2), formula (1-1) being: where R101 is an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C8 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C6-C12 aryl group, and optionally contains at least one selected from O, Si, S, and N in a structure; and formula (1-2) being: where R102 and R103 are (i) each individually H, F, an optionally fluorinated C1-C7 alkyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C7 alkenyl group, an optionally fluorinated C2-C9 alkynyl group, or an optionally fluorinated C5-C12 aryl group, or (ii) hydrocarbon groups binding to each other to form a 5-membered or 6-membered hetero ring with a nitrogen atom; and R102 and R103 each optionally contain at least one selected from O, S, and N in a structure.

Abstract: The disclosure provides an electrolyte solution capable of improving the output characteristics of an electrochemical device at initial stage and after high-temperature storage. The electrolyte solution contains a compound represented by the following formula (1). In the formula (1), R101s are each individually an optionally fluorinated organic group; X101s are each individually a halogen atom, —Rc101, or —ORc101, wherein Rc101 is an alkyl group or an aryl group; p1 is an integer of 1 to 4; and q1 is an integer satisfying p1+q1=4.

Abstract: A structure and composite suitable for a battery, and a battery containing the structure or composite. The structure includes: an electrode layer; an inorganic solid electrolyte layer; and a fluorine-containing polymer layer between the electrode layer and the inorganic solid electrolyte layer, the fluorine-containing polymer layer containing a composite that contains a fluorine-containing polymer and an alkali metal salt.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by formula (1) and a compound represented, for example, by formula (11-1), the formula (1) being: wherein M101 is P or P?O; R101 is a group such as a C1-C11 alkylsilyloxy group; n101 is an oxidation number of M101 minus 1 or an oxidation number of M101 minus 3; and R102 to R104 are each individually a group such as a C1-C11 alkyl group; the formula (11-1) being: wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each an atom or group such as a hydrogen atom; and R113 is a group such as an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: A method for producing a cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 are the same as or different from each other, and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or a monovalent organic group; and R is an organic group containing one or more carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds. The method includes reacting an unsaturated cyclic carbonate represented by the following formula (A): wherein X1 and X2 are defined as described above, and an alcohol represented by the formula (B): R—OH, wherein R is defined as described above, or an alkoxide thereof in the presence of a base, or reacting the unsaturated cyclic carbonate and the alkoxide. Also disclosed is a method for producing a cyclic carbonate.