Abstract: A method for producing a lithium sulfamate which includes (1) reacting a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): wherein X is fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine, with a compound (2) represented by the following formula (2): wherein R1 and R2 are each individually —H or a substituent as defined herein, the substituent optionally containing at least one bi- to hexavalent heteroatom in the structure and being a substituent in which at least one hydrogen atom is optionally replaced with a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group, to obtain a compound (3) represented by the following formula (3): wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above.

Abstract: The present invention provides a composition that controls pharmacokinetics. Specifically, the present invention provides: a composition for controlling pharmacokinetics, the composition containing a polyvalent cation as an active ingredient; and a method for controlling pharmacokinetics using the polyvalent cation.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound (1) represented by the formula (1), (wherein R101 and R102 are each individually a substituent such as a C1-C7 alkyl group, and the substituent optionally contains at least one divalent to hexavalent hetero atom in a structure or optionally has a structure obtained by replacing at least one hydrogen atom by a fluorine atom or a C0-C7 functional group) and at least one compound (11) selected from compounds such as a compound represented by formula (11-1) (wherein R111 and R112 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom or the like, and R113 is an alkyl group free from a fluorine atom or the like):

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing LiFSO3 and a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): LiZ, wherein Z is PF6, BF4, N(FSO2)2, N(CF3SO2)2, N(C2F5SO2)2, PO2F2, or B(C2O4)2. The electrolyte solution has a ratio [FSO3]/[Z] of a molar content of FSO3 [FSO3] to a molar content of Z [Z] of 3 to 1000. Also disclosed is an electrochemical device including the electrolyte solution, a lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte solution and a module including the electrochemical device.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing at least one selected from a compound represented by the following formula (1-1) (wherein Rf111s are the same as or different from each other and are each a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), a compound represented by the following formula (1-2) (wherein R121 is a C1-C4 alkyl group; and Rf121 is a C2-C4 fluorinated alkenyl group), and a compound represented by the following formula (1-3) (wherein Rf131 is a C1-C3 fluorinated alkyl group; and R131 is a C6-C12 aryl group):

Abstract: An electrolyte solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1): wherein R101 and R102 are the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, or an alkyl group optionally containing a fluorine atom; and R103 is an alkyl group or an organic group containing an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond. Also disclosed is an electrochemical device and lithium ion secondary battery including the electrolyte solution, and a module including the electrochemical device or lithium ion secondary battery.

Abstract: A method for producing lithium fluorosulfonate which includes reacting XSO3H, wherein X is a leaving group other than fluorine, with a lithium source and a fluorine source. Also disclosed is a composition containing XSO3H.

Abstract: A unit-type polyion complex for use in delivering nucleic acid to a target site in a patient includes one or more molecules of a block copolymer having a poly(ethylene glycol) segment and a cationic poly(amino acid) segment and one or more molecules of a nucleic acid. A total quantity of positive charges derived from side chains of the cationic poly(amino acid) segment of the block copolymer in the unit-type polyion complex is not offset by a total quantity of negative charges derived from the nucleic acid. Furthermore, the nucleic acid has a strand length of 10-50 bases, the molecular weight of the poly(ethylene glycol) segment is 40×103 or more, and the block copolymer has a binding constant (Ka) for the nucleic acid of 3.0×105 or more.

Abstract: An electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, containing a compound (1) represented by the following formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl group optionally containing an ether bond, and wherein chloride ion is present at a concentration of 1.0×10?6 to 1.0×103 ppm. Also disclosed is an electrolyte solution for a lithium ion secondary battery, containing an imidazolium cation (1-1) represented by the following formula (1-1), a bis(oxalato)borate anion, and a hexafluorophosphate anion, the formula (1-1) being: wherein R1 and R2 are each independently a C1-C4 alkyl group optionally containing an ether bond, and wherein chloride ion is present at a concentration of 1.0×10?6 to 1.0×103 ppm.

Abstract: A heat releasing pipe includes a metal pipe and a surface coating layer. The metal pipe has an outer circumferential surface. The surface coating layer is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The surface coating layer contains an inorganic glass base material and has concave portions and convex portions on an outer surface of the surface coating layer. The concave portions and the convex portions are constructed using electrocoating with an electrocoating resin. The concave portions have a virtually circular shape when seen in a direction perpendicular to the outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe and are lower than a first reference surface. The first reference surface has an average height of the outer surface of the surface coating layer. The convex portions are located on peripheral edge portions of the concave portions and surround the concave portions.

Abstract: A robot control system detects a position and a direction of each user by a plurality of range image sensors provided in an exhibition hall. A central controller records an inspection action after a user attends the exhibition hall until the user leaves to generate an inspection action table. When the user attends again, the central controller reads a history of inspection action from the inspection action table. Then, the central controller chooses from an utterance content table an utterance content containing a phrase that mentions the inspection action included in the history at a time of last time attendance, determines the utterance content, and makes a robot output the determined utterance content to the user.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which an SCR catalyst is arranged in an exhaust passage, a dummy determination processing to determine whether the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is mounted at a location is carried out, based on a temperature difference between a temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the location where the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is to be arranged and a temperature of exhaust gas flowing out of the location, after starting of the internal combustion engine, wherein when a period of time for the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst to become equal to or less than a fixed temperature is equal to or more than a predetermined period of time, the dummy determination processing is carried out, whereas when the period of time is less than the predetermined period of time, the dummy determination processing is not carried out.

Abstract: A heat releasing pipe includes a metal pipe and a surface coating layer. The metal pipe has an outer circumferential surface. The surface coating layer is provided on the outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe. The surface coating layer contains an inorganic glass base material and has concave portions and convex portions on an outer surface of the surface coating layer. The concave portions and the convex portions are constructed using electrocoating with an electrocoating resin. The concave portions have a virtually circular shape when seen in a direction perpendicular to the outer circumferential surface of the metal pipe and are lower than a first reference surface. The first reference surface has an average height of the outer surface of the surface coating layer. The convex portions are located on peripheral edge portions of the concave portions and surround the concave portions.

Abstract: A fuel addition valve that adds fuel into the exhaust gas passage of the engine in the form of fine fuel droplets, an upstream NOx adsorption-reduction catalyst, and a downstream NOx adsorption-reduction catalyst are arranged in this order. Platinum Pt and palladium Pd, as noble metal, are supported on the downstream NOx adsorption-reduction NOx catalyst such that the ratio of the mole number of the platinum Pt to the sum of the mole numbers of the platinum Pt and the palladium Pd is approx. 50% to approx. 80%. Only platinum Pt is supported on the upstream NOx adsorption-reduction catalyst. According to this structure, even when liquid fuel is supplied into exhaust gas, NOx can be effectively released from the NOx adsorption-reduction catalyst, and further the amount of NOx that the NOx adsorption-reduction catalyst can adsorb at a low temperature increases.

Abstract: An exhaust pipe includes a metal base material and a surface coating layer formed on a surface of the metal base material. The surface coating layer contains an inorganic glass base material and has a concave portion and a convex portion on a surface of the surface coating layer. The concave portion is lower than a first reference surface. The first reference surface has an average height of the surface of the surface coating layer. The convex portion is located on a peripheral edge portion of the concave portion and surrounds the concave portion. The convex portion is higher than the first reference surface.

Abstract: An exhaust purifying apparatus of an internal combustion engine is provided. The exhaust purifying apparatus includes a CO oxidation catalyst disposed in the exhaust flow passage of an internal combustion engine and capable of oxidizing and thereby purifying CO in the exhaust, and an HC adsorbent material loaded with a noble metal, for adsorbing HC in the exhaust. The exhaust purifying apparatus further includes an NOx adsorbent material for adsorbing NOx in the exhaust. These adsorbent materials are located on the upstream side in the exhaust flow direction with respect to the CO oxidation catalyst and disposed in order from the upstream. The CO oxidation catalyst contains Pd and CeO2 and is obtained by an oxidation treatment at a temperature of 850 to 950° C. The amount of Pd supported in the CO oxidation catalyst is from 0.1 to 2.5 mass % based on CeO2.

Abstract: In a control apparatus for an internal combustion engine in which an SCR catalyst is arranged in an exhaust passage, a dummy determination processing to determine whether the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is mounted at a location is carried out, based on a temperature difference between a temperature of exhaust gas flowing into the location where the selective catalytic reduction catalyst is to be arranged and a temperature of exhaust gas flowing out of the location, after starting of the internal combustion engine, wherein when a period of time for the temperature of the selective catalytic reduction catalyst to become equal to or less than a fixed temperature is equal to or more than a predetermined period of time, the dummy determination processing is carried out, whereas when the period of time is less than the predetermined period of time, the dummy determination processing is not carried out.

Abstract: A robot control system detects a position and a direction of each user by a plurality of range image sensors provided in an exhibition hall. A central controller records an inspection action after a user attends the exhibition hall until the user leaves to generate an inspection action table. When the user attends again, the central controller reads a history of inspection action from the inspection action table. Then, the central controller chooses from an utterance content table an utterance content containing a phrase that mentions the inspection action included in the history at a time of last time attendance, determines the utterance content, and makes a robot output the determined utterance content to the user.

Abstract: A paint composition for heat releasing products includes inorganic glass particles and an organic binder. The organic binder includes an electrocoating resin. The paint composition is to be applied to a base material made of a metal. The electrocoating resin preferably has a weight ratio of from about 1.0 to about 3.5 based on a weight of the inorganic glass particles. The paint composition preferably further includes inorganic particles.