Abstract: A light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer including a guest, an n-type host and a p-type host between a pair of electrodes, where the difference between the energy difference between a triplet excited state and a ground state of the n-type host (or p-type host) and the energy difference between a triplet excited state and a ground state of the guest is 0.15 eV or more. Alternatively, in such a light-emitting element, the LUMO level of the n-type host is higher than the LUMO level of the guest by 0.1 eV or more, or the HOMO level of the p-type host is lower than the HOMO level of the guest by 0.1 eV or more.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a film forming apparatus includes a process chamber, a placement portion, a susceptor, a cover, a gas source, a heater, and a support portion. The placement portion is provided inside the process chamber. The susceptor is held in an end portion of the placement portion and is capable of placing a substrate. The cover is capable of being placed facing the susceptor inside the process chamber. The gas source is capable of supplying a process gas between the cover and the substrate. The heater is capable of heating the substrate. The support portion is provided inside the process chamber and is capable of supporting the cover at a first position above the susceptor and is capable of separating the cover at a second position which is different from the first position.

Abstract: In a light-emitting element, a layer including an organic compound includes a light-emitting layer; the light-emitting layer includes a tris iridium complex; and on the assumption that there is a rectangle which covers the iridium complex and in which at least one atom of the iridium complex is located over each of four sides when the iridium complex is two-dimensionally seen from a direction of a C3 symmetry axis of the iridium complex, A×B/C2 is greater than or equal to 2.5, where A represents a maximum length of a long side of the rectangle, B represents a length of a short side of the rectangle when the length of the long side of the rectangle is A, and C represents a width in the direction of the C3 symmetry axis when the iridium complex is two-dimensionally seen from a normal direction of the C3 symmetry axis.

Abstract: To provide a novel fluorescent organic compound (a fluorescent compound). The organic compound is a substance that emits fluorescence and an organic compound (a host material) in which FIA can occur efficiently. In the organic compound, triplet excitons, which do not contribute to light emission, can be efficiently converted into singlet excitons. The use of such an organic compound can increase emission efficiency of a light-emitting element.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a film-forming apparatus and a film-forming method that can prolong the lifetime of heaters used under high temperature conditions in an epitaxial growth technique. An inert gas discharge portion supplies an inert gas into the space containing the heater, gas is then discharged through the gas discharge portion without influence on the semiconductor substrate during film formation. It is therefore possible to prevent the reaction gas entering into the space containing the high-temperature heaters. This makes it possible to prevent a reaction between hydrogen gas contained in the reaction gas and SiC constituting the heaters. Therefore, it is possible to prevent carbon used as a base material of the heaters from being exposed due to the decomposition of SiC and then reacting with hydrogen gas. This makes it possible to prolong the lifetime of the heaters.

Abstract: A light-emitting element which at least includes a monomolecular layer including a luminescent center material with a fluorescent light-emitting property, and a monomolecular layer including a host material with a carrier (electron or hole)-transport property and a band gap larger than a band gap (note that a band gap refers to the energy difference between a HOMO level and a LUMO level) of the luminescent center material, between a pair of electrodes, in which the monomolecular layer including the host material and the monomolecular layer including the luminescent center material share the same interface, is provided.

Abstract: As a novel substance having a novel skeleton, an organometallic complex with high emission efficiency which achieves improved color purity by a reduction of half width of an emission spectrum is provided. One embodiment of the present invention is an organometallic complex in which a ?-diketone and a six-membered heteroaromatic ring including two or more nitrogen atoms inclusive of a nitrogen atom that is a coordinating atom are ligands. In General Formula (G1), X represents a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered heteroaromatic ring including two or more nitrogen atoms inclusive of a nitrogen atom that is a coordinating atom. Further, R1 to R4 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A light-emitting element which at least includes a monomolecular layer including a luminescent center material with a fluorescent light-emitting property, and a monomolecular layer including a host material with a carrier (electron or hole)-transport property and a band gap larger than a band gap (note that a band gap refers to the energy difference between a HOMO level and a LUMO level) of the luminescent center material, between a pair of electrodes, in which the monomolecular layer including the host material and the monomolecular layer including the luminescent center material share the same interface, is provided.

Abstract: Providing a light-emitting element emitting light in a broad emission spectrum. A combination of a first organic compound and a second organic compound forms an exciplex. The first organic compound has a function of converting triplet-excitation energy into light emission. The lowest triplet excitation level of the second organic compound is higher than or equal to the lowest triplet excitation level of the first organic compound, and the lowest triplet excitation level of the first organic compound is higher than or equal to the lowest triplet excitation level of the exciplex. Light emission from a light-emitting layer includes light emission from the first organic compound and light emission from the exciplex.

Abstract: A clutch device includes an outer member including a cylindrical part having an inner peripheral surface provided with outer projections extending in an axial direction; an inner member rotatable relative to the outer member; an outer friction member engaging with the outer projections such that the outer friction member is movable in the axial direction and rotation of the outer friction member relative to the outer member is restricted; an inner friction member whose rotation relative to the inner member is restricted, and which generates a frictional force between the inner and outer friction members; and a lubricating oil sealed in a clutch chamber located between the outer member and the inner member. The outer member is provided with an oil pocket recessed to a position outward of a bottom surface of a recessed part located between a pair of adjacent outer projections among the outer projections.

Abstract: A light-emitting element having high external quantum efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element having low drive voltage is provided. Provided is a light-emitting element which includes a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent compound, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound between a pair of electrodes. A combination of the first organic compound and the second organic compound forms an exciplex (excited complex). An emission spectrum of the exciplex overlaps with an absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of an absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound. A peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the exciplex is longer than or equal to a peak wavelength of the absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: A vehicle driving force distribution device includes: a differential gear; a driving force transmission device; and a case member having a first accommodating chamber accommodating the differential gear and a second accommodating chamber accommodating the driving force transmission device. The case member has a first flow passage that allows lubricating oil to flow from the first accommodating chamber into the second accommodating chamber, and a second flow passage that allows lubricating oil to flow from the second accommodating chamber into the first accommodating chamber. In a two-wheel drive mode, lubricating oil flows from the second accommodating chamber into the first accommodating chamber through the second flow passage. In a four-wheel drive mode, lubricating oil flows from the first accommodating chamber into the second accommodating chamber through the first flow passage.

Abstract: A light-emitting element with high emission efficiency and high reliability is provided. The light-emitting element includes a light-emitting layer containing a first organic compound, a second organic compound, and a guest material. The first organic compound has a nitrogen-containing six-membered heteroaromatic skeleton. In the light-emitting layer, the weight ratio of an organic compound having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton with an NH group, a secondary amine skeleton with an NH group, or a primary amine skeleton with an NH group to the first organic compound is less than or equal to 0.03, or alternatively, the weight ratio of the organic compound having a nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocyclic skeleton with an NH group, a secondary amine skeleton with an NH group, or a primary amine skeleton with an NH group to the second organic compound is less than or equal to 0.01.

Abstract: An electromagnetic clutch device includes meshing member connected to a first rotational member, a biasing member that biases the meshing member in a direction where a second meshing portion is meshed with a first meshing portion, and a pressing mechanism including a locking portion that presses the meshing member against a biasing force of the biasing member so as to axially move the meshing member. The locking portion is axially immovable relative to the second rotational member, and a cylindrical cam member is provided with a plurality of locked portions to be locked at different axial positions. Locking of the locking portion is shifted from one of the plurality of locked portions to another locked portion placed at a different axial position, and friction torque is caused to synchronize rotation of the first rotational member with that of the second rotational member.

Abstract: A light-emitting element having high external quantum efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element having a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting element is provided which includes a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent compound, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound between a pair of electrodes, in which a combination of the first organic compound and the second organic compound forms an exciplex (excited complex). The light-emitting element transfers energy by utilizing an overlap between the emission spectrum of the exciplex and the absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound and thus has high energy transfer efficiency. Therefore, a light-emitting element having high external quantum efficiency can be obtained.

Abstract: An object is to provide a semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics. A gate insulating layer having a hydrogen concentration less than 6×1020 atoms/cm3 and a fluorine concentration greater than or equal to 1×1020 atoms/cm3 is used as a gate insulating layer in contact with an oxide semiconductor layer forming a channel region, so that the amount of hydrogen released from the gate insulating layer can be reduced and diffusion of hydrogen into the oxide semiconductor layer can be prevented. Further, hydrogen present in the oxide semiconductor layer can be eliminated with the use of fluorine; thus, the hydrogen content in the oxide semiconductor layer can be reduced. Consequently, the semiconductor device having good electrical characteristics can be provided.

Abstract: An object is to provide a semiconductor device with stable electric characteristics in which an oxide semiconductor is used. An impurity such as hydrogen or moisture (e.g., a hydrogen atom or a compound containing a hydrogen atom such as H2O) is eliminated from an oxide semiconductor layer with use of a halogen element typified by fluorine or chlorine, so that the impurity concentration in the oxide semiconductor layer is reduced. A gate insulating layer and/or an insulating layer provided in contact with the oxide semiconductor layer can be formed to contain a halogen element. In addition, a halogen element may be attached to the oxide semiconductor layer through plasma treatment under an atmosphere of a gas containing a halogen element.

Abstract: An object is to provide a high reliability thin film transistor using an oxide semiconductor layer which has stable electric characteristics. In the thin film transistor in which an oxide semiconductor layer is used, the amount of change in threshold voltage of the thin film transistor before and after a BT test is made to be 2 V or less, preferably 1.5 V or less, more preferably 1 V or less, whereby the semiconductor device which has high reliability and stable electric characteristics can be manufactured. In particular, in a display device which is one embodiment of the semiconductor device, a malfunction such as display unevenness due to change in threshold voltage can be reduced.

Abstract: A light-emitting element having high external quantum efficiency is provided. A light-emitting element having low drive voltage is provided. Provided is a light-emitting element which includes a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent compound, a first organic compound, and a second organic compound between a pair of electrodes. A combination of the first organic compound and the second organic compound forms an exciplex (excited complex). An emission spectrum of the exciplex overlaps with an absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of an absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound. A peak wavelength of the emission spectrum of the exciplex is longer than or equal to a peak wavelength of the absorption band located on the longest wavelength side of the absorption spectrum of the phosphorescent compound.

Abstract: As a novel substance having a novel skeleton, an organometallic complex with high emission efficiency which achieves improved color purity by a reduction of half width of an emission spectrum is provided. One embodiment of the present invention is an organometallic complex in which a ?-diketone and a six-membered heteroaromatic ring including two or more nitrogen atoms inclusive of a nitrogen atom that is a coordinating atom are ligands. In General Formula (G1), X represents a substituted or unsubstituted six-membered heteroaromatic ring including two or more nitrogen atoms inclusive of a nitrogen atom that is a coordinating atom. Further, R1 to R4 each represent a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.