Abstract: The disclosure provides a system to simulate a simulated noise on the power zone block of a substrate. The system comprises a signal trace and a signal generating circuit. The signal trace is disposed adjacent to the power zone block. The signal generating circuit is electrically coupled to the signal trace, configured to transmit an alternating current signal over the signal trace. The alternating current signal transmitted over the signal trace is configured to induce a simulated noise on the power zone block, and a waveform of the simulated noise is determined by a frequency of the alternating current signal.

Abstract: A system includes an isobaric pressure exchanger (IPX) configured to exchange pressure between a first fluid and a second fluid. The IPX includes a rotor configured to rotate about a longitudinal axis of the rotor. The rotor forms rotor ports arranged substantially symmetrically around the longitudinal axis at a distal end of the rotor. The IPX further includes an end cover configured to be disposed at the first distal end of the rotor. The end cover forms end cover ports. The rotor ports are arranged for hydraulic communication with the end cover ports. The IPX further includes an insert disposed between two of the rotor ports or between two of the end cover ports.

Abstract: A semiconductor device structure includes a first dielectric wall, a plurality of first semiconductor layers vertically stacked and extending outwardly from a first side of the first dielectric wall, each first semiconductor layer has a first width, a plurality of second semiconductor layers vertically stacked and extending outwardly from a second side of the first dielectric wall, each second semiconductor layer has a second width, a plurality of third semiconductor layers disposed adjacent the second side of the first dielectric wall, each third semiconductor layer has a third width greater than the second width, a first gate electrode layer surrounding at least three surfaces of each of the first semiconductor layers, the first gate electrode layer having a first conductivity type, and a second gate electrode layer surrounding at least three surfaces of each of the second semiconductor layers, the second gate electrode layer having a second conductivity type opposite the first conductivity type.

Abstract: In one example, a semiconductor device includes a first conductive feature embedded in a first dielectric layer such that a top surface of the first dielectric layer is higher than a top surface of first conductive feature, a contact etch stop layer (CESL) disposed on the first dielectric layer, and a second conductive feature embedded in a second dielectric layer. The second dielectric layer is disposed on the CESL and the second conductive feature extends through the CESL and is in direct contact with the first conductive feature.

Abstract: A bonded assembly includes an interposer; a semiconductor die that is attached to the interposer and including a planar horizontal bottom surface and a contoured sidewall; a high bandwidth memory (HBM) die that is attached to the interposer; and a dielectric material portion contacting the semiconductor die and the interposer. The contoured sidewall includes a vertical sidewall segment and a non-horizontal, non-vertical surface segment that is adjoined to a bottom edge of the vertical sidewall segment and is adjoined to an edge of the planar horizontal bottom surface of the semiconductor die. The vertical sidewall segment and the non-horizontal, non-vertical surface segment are in contact with the dielectric material portion. The contoured sidewall may provide a variable lateral spacing from the HBM die to reduce local stress in a portion of the HBM die that is proximal to the interposer.

Abstract: An optical system affixed to an electronic apparatus is provided, including a first optical module, a second optical module, and a third optical module. The first optical module is configured to adjust the moving direction of a first light from a first moving direction to a second moving direction, wherein the first moving direction is not parallel to the second moving direction. The second optical module is configured to receive the first light moving in the second moving direction. The first light reaches the third optical module via the first optical module and the second optical module in sequence. The third optical module includes a first photoelectric converter configured to transform the first light into a first image signal.

Abstract: A chip structure provided herein includes a bridge structure including an interconnect bridge, a dielectric layer laterally surrounding the interconnect bridge and through dielectric vias extending from a top of the dielectric layer to a bottom of the dielectric layer, wherein a thickness of the interconnect bridge is identical to a height of each of the through dielectric vias; semiconductor dies disposed on the bridge structure, wherein each of the semiconductor dies overlaps both the interconnect bridge and the dielectric layer and is electrically connected to the interconnect bridge and at least one of the through dielectric vias; and a die support, the semiconductor dies being disposed between the die support and the bridge structure, wherein a sidewall of the die support is coplanar with a sidewall of the bridge structure.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly includes a first optical element and a low-reflection layer. The first optical element has a central opening, and includes a first surface, a second surface and a first outer diameter surface. The first outer diameter surface is connected to the first surface and the second surface. The low-reflection layer is located on at least one of the first surface and the second surface, and includes a carbon black layer, a nano-microstructure and a coating layer. The nano-microstructure is directly contacted with and connected to the carbon black layer, and the nano-microstructure is farther from the first optical element than the carbon black layer from the first optical element. The coating layer is directly contacted with and connected to the nano-microstructure, and the coating layer is farther from the first optical element than the nano-microstructure from the first optical element.

Abstract: Die structures and methods of forming the same are described. In an embodiment, a device includes: a lower integrated circuit die; a first upper integrated circuit die face-to-face bonded to the lower integrated circuit die, the first upper integrated circuit die including a first semiconductor substrate and a first through-substrate via; a gap-fill dielectric around the first upper integrated circuit die, a top surface of the gap-fill dielectric being substantially coplanar with a top surface of the first semiconductor substrate and with a top surface of the first through-substrate via; and an interconnect structure including a first dielectric layer and first conductive vias, the first dielectric layer disposed on the top surface of the gap-fill dielectric and the top surface of the first semiconductor substrate, the first conductive vias extending through the first dielectric layer to contact the top surface of the first through-substrate via.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a device includes: a first integrated circuit die comprising a semiconductor substrate and a first through-substrate via; a gap-fill dielectric around the first integrated circuit die, a surface of the gap-fill dielectric being substantially coplanar with an inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate and with a surface of the first through-substrate via; a dielectric layer on the surface of the gap-fill dielectric and the inactive surface of the semiconductor substrate; a first bond pad extending through the dielectric layer to contact the surface of the first through-substrate via, a width of the first bond pad being less than a width of the first through-substrate via; and a second integrated circuit die comprising a die connector bonded to the first bond pad.

Abstract: An imaging lens assembly includes a first optical element and a low-reflection layer. The first optical element has a central opening, and includes a first surface, a second surface and a first outer diameter surface. The first outer diameter surface is connected to the first surface and the second surface. The low-reflection layer is located on at least one of the first surface and the second surface, and includes a carbon black layer, a nano-microstructure and a coating layer. The nano-microstructure is directly contacted with and connected to the carbon black layer, and the nano-microstructure is farther from the first optical element than the carbon black layer from the first optical element. The coating layer is directly contacted with and connected to the nano-microstructure, and the coating layer is farther from the first optical element than the nano-microstructure from the first optical element.

Abstract: A method includes bonding a first device die to a second device die through face-to-face bonding, wherein the second device die is in a device wafer, forming a gap-filling region to encircle the first device die, performing a backside-grinding process on the device wafer to reveal a through-via in the second device die, and forming a redistribution structure on the backside of the device wafer. The redistribution structure is electrically connected to the first device die through the through-via in the second device die. A supporting substrate is bonded to the first device die.

Abstract: A fluid handling system includes a pressure exchanger (PX) configured to receive a first fluid at a first pressure and a second fluid at a second pressure and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. The system further includes a condenser configured to provide corresponding thermal energy from the first fluid to a corresponding environment. The system further includes a receiver to receive the first fluid output by the PX. The receiver forms a chamber to separate the first fluid into a first gas and a first liquid. The system further includes a first booster to increase pressure of a portion of the first gas to form the second fluid at the second pressure and provide the second fluid at the second pressure to the PX.

Abstract: A device includes a semiconductor fin, and a gate stack on sidewalls and a top surface of the semiconductor fin. The gate stack includes a high-k dielectric layer, a work-function layer overlapping a bottom portion of the high-k dielectric layer, and a blocking layer overlapping a second bottom portion of the work-function layer. A low-resistance metal layer overlaps and contacts the work-function layer and the blocking layer. The low-resistance metal layer has a resistivity value lower than second resistivity values of both of the work-function layer and the blocking layer. A gate spacer contacts a sidewall of the gate stack.

Abstract: A memory device includes a first chip, a second chip and a processor. The second chip is coupled to the first chip at a first node. The second chip includes a first capacitor and a first variable resistor. The first capacitor is coupled to the first node. The first variable resistor is coupled in series with the first capacitor. The processor is coupled to the first node, and is configured to perform a first read operation to the first chip via the first node. A method for operating a memory device is also disclosed herein.

Abstract: Embodiments include a crack stopper structure surrounding an embedded integrated circuit die, and the formation thereof. The crack stopper structure may include multiple layers separated by a fill layer. The layers of the crack stopper may include multiple sublayers, some of the sublayers providing adhesion, hardness buffering, and material gradients for transitioning from one layer of the crack stopper structure to another layer of the crack stopper structure.

Abstract: A method for forming a semiconductor device structure is provided. The method includes forming a first insulating layer and first and second gate spacers in first and second openings of the first insulating layer, respectively, forming a first conductive gate stack adjacent to the first gate spacer and forming an insulating material adjacent to the second gate spacer after forming the first conductive gate stack. The method also includes covering the first conductive gate stack and the insulating material with a first insulating capping layer and a second insulating capping layer, respectively, and forming a source/drain contact structure between the first and second gate spacer layers. The top surface of the first insulating layer is higher than those of the insulating material and is substantially level with that of the first conductive gate stack.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a source via having a body portion and a barrier layer surrounding the body portion, and the body portion is in physical contact with the source contact. Furthermore, the barrier layer includes at least one sidewall section separating the source via from an adjacent via structure. As such, the via to via leakage may be prevented. Overall, by providing a semiconductor device having the above structures, the contact resistance is reduced, and the device performance is further improved.

Abstract: A system includes a pressure exchanger (PX) configured to receive a first fluid at a first pressure, receive a second fluid at a second pressure, and exchange pressure between the first fluid and the second fluid. The first fluid is to exit the PX at a third pressure and the second fluid is to exit the PX at a fourth pressure. The system further includes a condenser configured to receive the first fluid from a compressor and provide corresponding thermal energy from the first fluid to a first environment. The system further includes a heat exchanger configured to receive the first fluid output from the condenser.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a source region and a drain region, a first source contact, a first drain contact, a first drain via and a first source via. The source region and the drain region are located over a substrate. The first source contact is disposed on the source region, and the first drain contact is disposed on the drain region. The first drain via is connected to the first drain contact, wherein the first drain via includes a barrier-less body portion. The first source via is connected to the first source contact, wherein the first source via includes a body portion and a barrier layer surrounding the body portion, and a size of the first source via is greater than a size of the first drain via.