Abstract: A fin field effect transistor (FinFET) device structure is provided. The FinFET device structure includes a plurality of fin structures above a substrate, an isolation structure over the substrate and between the fin structures, and a gate structure formed over the fin structure. The FinFET device structure includes a source/drain (S/D) structure over the fin structure, and the S/D structure is adjacent to the gate structure. The FinFET device structure also includes a metal silicide layer over the S/D structure, and the metal silicide layer is in contact with the isolation structure.

Abstract: A semiconductor device comprises a first semiconductor structure, a second semiconductor structure located on the first semiconductor structure, and an active layer located between the first semiconductor structure and the second semiconductor structure. The first semiconductor structure has a first conductivity type, and includes a plurality of first layers and a plurality of second layers alternately stacked. The second semiconductor structure has a second conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type. The plurality of first layers and the plurality of second layers include indium and phosphorus, and the plurality of first layers and the plurality of second layers respectively have a first indium atomic percentage and a second indium atomic percentage. The second indium atomic percentage is different from the first indium atomic percentage.

Abstract: A method includes forming a transistor, which includes forming a dummy gate stack over a semiconductor region, and forming an Inter-Layer Dielectric (ILD). The dummy gate stack is in the ILD, and the ILD covers a source/drain region in the semiconductor region. The method further includes removing the dummy gate stack to form a trench in the first ILD, forming a low-k gate spacer in the trench, forming a replacement gate dielectric extending into the trench, forming a metal layer to fill the trench, and performing a planarization to remove excess portions of the replacement gate dielectric and the metal layer to form a gate dielectric and a metal gate, respectively. A source region and a drain region are then formed on opposite sides of the metal gate.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device has a central region and a first-type region surrounding the central region. The first-type region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region between the central region and the first sub-region. The optical device includes a substrate. The optical device also includes a meta-structure disposed on the substrate. The meta-structure includes first pillars in the first sub-region and second pillars in the second sub-region. In the cross-sectional view of the optical device along the radial direction of the optical device, two adjacent first pillars have a first pitch, two adjacent second pillars have a second pitch, and the second pitch is greater than the first pitch.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first region and a second region surrounding the first region. The optical device includes a substrate. The optical device also includes a first meta-structure disposed on the substrate and has a plurality of first peripheral pillars in the second region. The optical device further includes a second meta-structure disposed on the substrate and has a plurality of second peripheral pillars corresponding to the plurality of first peripheral pillars. Each of the second peripheral pillars has a first shifting distance with respect to a corresponding first peripheral pillar in the direction extending from the center of the optical device to the edge of the optical device.

Abstract: A light diffuser includes a main body and first fillers. The first fillers are dispersed in the main body. The first fillers include at least one of ZrO2, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, SixNy, Si, Ge GaP, InP, and PbS, and a diameter of each of the first fillers is in a range from 0.1 ?m to 1 ?m.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device has a central region and a first-type region surrounding the central region. The first-type region includes a first sub-region and a second sub-region between the central region and the first sub-region. The optical device includes a substrate. The optical device also includes a meta-structure disposed on the substrate. The meta-structure includes first pillars in the first sub-region and second pillars in the second sub-region. In the cross-sectional view of the optical device along the radial direction of the optical device, two adjacent first pillars have a first pitch, two adjacent second pillars have a second pitch, and the second pitch is greater than the first pitch.

Abstract: An optical element includes a waveguide substrate, first and second optical film structures, and a sub-wavelength nanostructure. The waveguide substrate has first and second sides, a light entering surface and a light exiting surface. An image beam can enter the interior of the waveguide substrate through the light entering surface and travel in a manner of total internal reflection. The image beam exits the waveguide substrate via the light exiting surface after one or more reflections. The first and second optical film structures are respectively arranged on the first and second sides. The sub-wavelength nanostructure arranged on the first side can receive and diffract the image beam to couple the image beam to the waveguide substrate. The first and second optical film structures can reflect the part of the image beam at the incident angle smaller than the critical angle of the waveguide substrate.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first conductive layer, a first junction layer, a light absorption layer, a second junction layer, and a second conductive layer. The first junction layer is disposed on the first conductive layer. The light absorption layer is disposed on the first junction layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a plurality of unit cells, each of the unit cells includes a plurality of pillar structures, and the pillar structures of each of the unit cells are different sizes. The second junction layer is disposed on the light absorption layer. The second conductive layer is disposed on the second junction layer.

Abstract: An optical structure is provided. The optical structure includes a sensor, a bandpass filter and a plurality of protrusions. The bandpass filter is disposed above the sensor. The protrusions are disposed on the bandpass filter. The bandpass filter allows light with a wavelength of 700 nm to 3,000 nm to pass through. The protrusions have a size distribution that controls the phase of the incident light to be between 0 and 2?.

Abstract: An image-sensing device includes photoelectric elements for receiving incident light. The photoelectric elements are arranged into unit cells, and each of the unit cells includes a first, a second, a third and a fourth photoelectric element. The first, the second, the third and the fourth photoelectric elements in each of the unit cells are formed of pillar structures, and the first, the second, the third and the fourth photoelectric elements are different sizes. The first photoelectric element captures a first image in a first phase, the second photoelectric element captures a second image in a second phase, the third photoelectric element captures a third image in a third phase, and the fourth photoelectric element captures a fourth image in a fourth phase. The first phase, the second phase, the third phase, and the fourth phase are different.

Abstract: An optical device having a first region and a second region surrounding the first region is provided. The optical device includes a substrate. The optical device also includes a first meta-structure disposed on the substrate and having a plurality of first peripheral pillars in the second region. The optical device further includes a second meta-structure disposed on the substrate and having a plurality of second peripheral pillars corresponding to the plurality of first peripheral pillars. Each of the second peripheral pillars has a first shifting distance with respect to a corresponding first peripheral pillar in the radiation direction from the center of the optical device to the edge of the optical device.

Abstract: An optical device includes a first conductive layer, a first junction layer, a light absorption layer, a second junction layer, and a second conductive layer. The first junction layer is disposed on the first conductive layer. The light absorption layer is disposed on the first junction layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a plurality of unit cells, each of the unit cells includes a plurality of pillar structures, and the pillar structures of each of the unit cells are different sizes. The second junction layer is disposed on the light absorption layer. The second conductive layer is disposed on the second junction layer.

Abstract: An optical communication device includes a plurality of laser sources, a plurality of first meta-lenses, and an optical fiber. The laser sources transmit a plurality of laser beams in the same direction according to electrical signals. The laser beams have different wavelengths. The first meta-lenses receive the laser beams, and in a first substrate, refract the laser beams to a focal point to generate a mixed laser beam. The optical fiber receives the mixed laser beam for transmission. The focal point is arranged at the input end of the optical fiber.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a plurality of color filters formed on the substrate, and a plurality of spacers formed between the color filters. Each spacer has a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall. There is a first angle between the first sidewall of each spacer and a normal line of the top surface of the substrate. There is a second angle between the second sidewall of each spacer and the normal line of the top surface of the substrate. At least one of the first angle and the second angle is increased gradually towards the edge of the substrate.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a plurality of metal grids, a first patterned organic layer, and a second patterned organic layer. The first patterned organic layer includes a first portion having a first thickness, a second portion having a second thickness, a third portion having a third thickness, and a plurality of fourth portions. The first portion, the second portion and the third portion are respectively formed between the metal grids. The fourth portions are formed on the metal grids. The first thickness of the first portion is greater than the second thickness of the second portion. The second thickness of the second portion is greater than the third thickness of the third portion. The second patterned organic layer is formed on the fourth portions of the first patterned organic layer.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a plurality of metal grids, a first patterned organic layer, and a second patterned organic layer. The first patterned organic layer includes a first portion having a first thickness, a second portion having a second thickness, a third portion having a third thickness, and a plurality of fourth portions. The first portion, the second portion and the third portion are respectively formed between the metal grids. The fourth portions are formed on the metal grids. The first thickness of the first portion is greater than the second thickness of the second portion. The second thickness of the second portion is greater than the third thickness of the third portion. The second patterned organic layer is formed on the fourth portions of the first patterned organic layer.

Abstract: An optical device is provided. The optical device includes a substrate, a plurality of color filters formed on the substrate, and a plurality of spacers formed between the color filters. Each spacer has a first sidewall and a second sidewall opposite to the first sidewall. There is a first angle between the first sidewall of each spacer and a normal line of the top surface of the substrate. There is a second angle between the second sidewall of each spacer and the normal line of the top surface of the substrate. At least one of the first angle and the second angle is increased gradually towards the edge of the substrate.

Abstract: A foam roller includes a tube and a pad. The tube is made of an elastic material and formed with an external face and an internal face. The external face of the tube includes facets, ridges and protuberances. Each of the ridges is formed between two adjacent ones of the facets. The protuberances are formed on the facets. The pad is made of a relatively soft and elastic material and formed on the external face of the tube. The pad includes facets, ridges and protuberances corresponding to the facets, ridges and protuberances of the tube.

Abstract: An optical element is provided. The optical element includes an array structure having an implant area and a non-implant area. The non-implant area is adjacent to the implant area. The implant area has an implant concentration ranging from 1×1013 cm?2 to 6.7×1013 cm?2. The array structure is a color filter array including a plurality of color filters. At least one of the color filters has the implant area. The implant area has a first refractive index. The non-implant area has a second refractive index. The first refractive index is greater than the second refractive index.